Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb
Abstract
Antimikrobna otpornost patogenih mikroorganizama predstavlja ozbiljan problem u proizvodnji hrane, a naročito zbog rastućeg broja multirezistentnih sojeva. Sve je veća potreba za novim i efikasnim antimikrobnim agensima i modulatorima otpornosti radi prevladavanja ovog problema, pri čemu biljke predstavljaju bogat izvor takvih spojeva. U ovom je radu ispitan antimikrobni učinak fenolnog ekstrakta, eteričnog ulja i destilacijskog ekstrakta sjemenki biljke Alpinia katsumadai, te njihov utjecaj na modulaciju otpornosti sojeva Campylobacter jejuni i Staphylococcus aureus. Ekstrakt sjemenki i postdestilacijski ekstrakt imali su relativno snažan antimikrobni učinak na bakteriju C. jejuni, dok je bakterija S. aureus pokazala veću otpornost. Fenolni ekstrakt, eterično ulje i destilacijski ekstrakt A. katsumadai u kombinaciji sa svim ispitanim antimikrobnim agensima (ciprofloksacin, eritromicin, triklosan, soli žučne kiseline i etidijev bromid) uspješno su modulirali otpornost svih sojeva C. jejuni. Učinak je ekstrakata i eteričnog ulja na bakteriju S. aureus ovisio o bakterijskom soju i primjenjenom antimikrobnom agensu, ali je uspješno smanjena otpornost svih sojeva na soli žučne kiseline. Eterično je ulje sjemenki biljke A. katsumadai potaklo akumulaciju etidijevog bromida unutar bakterijskih stanica, čime je dokazano da se može upotrijebiti kao inhibitor efluksne pumpe bakterija C. jejuni i S. aureus.Antimicrobial resistance of food-related bacterial pathogens is becoming a serious problem, especially after the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. To overcome this problem, new and effective antimicrobials or resistance modulators are highly needed and plant kingdom represents a valuable source of these compounds. We investigated antimicrobial and resistance modulatory activity of the phenolic extract, essential oil and post-distillation extract of Alpinia katsumadai seeds against Campylobacter jejuni and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the tested plant formulations, A. katsumadai seed phenolic extract and post-distillation extract showed moderate antimicrobial activity against C. jejuni, while S. aureus was more resistant. When evaluating resistance modulatory potential of A. katsumadai phenolic extract, essential oil and post-distillation extract in C. jejuni against ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, triclosan, bile salts and ethidium bromide, plant formulations exhibited modulatory activity in combination with all antimicrobials. Modulation of resistance was more strain- and antimicrobial-specific in S. aureus, but very efficient in the case of reduced resistance to bile salts. Essential oil from A. katsumadai seeds efficiently increased intracellular ethidium bromide accumulation and was thus confirmed as potential inhibitor of efflux pumps in C. jejuni and S. aureus
