Tonči Kursar

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Boo~ ...,,_, Pobt ""'->o, Vol XXXJI, (1995), No 5, pp 203-214 212 tea nutiouul in litutioos that lricd to put ltn end to the conflict in this region. The book is not intended o lely for scholars and politicians but for nil tho\c \\ho want ro find out more about tht: scope of the Serbian pre-tension and the aggression on Croatia. By means of 37 maps, 52 tables and R figures the author provides exceptional documentary re.<;ou rce hase which might help all t11ose looking into tJu; CUU!>C!> and the consequences of the war on the lCHilory of Lbc former Yugoslavia. Vllltlm Cvrri/11 Tt ru tslatcu by 1Jn7.icn .l:~knvlev Dook review Am1clko MilardoviC. Tihomir Cipek. Marinko Si~ak (ed.) Hn'alska politoloska tradicija. Prinosi za povijest hfllatske politolo,gijc.: (Croatian Political Science Tradition. Contributions to the I fistol]' of Croatian Po1itico/ Science) /\linea, 7,agreb, 1995, 292 pages A group uf political scientists, nt the hcginniog of the nineties. led by tbe tlm.:c editors of this edition, s ta rted a research project "Croalhw political !>Cieoce tradition~. The first findings proved the existence of t1tt: in-!>lilulionalizcd forms of the s tudy of politiel> much before lhe Faculty nf Political Sciences io Zagreb WU!> founded in 1962 This, ns can be read in tlle foreword to lhC. book. primarily refer<; ro rbe Poliricai-C1meral Study in VarllZdin. C.."!>labfubctl by Maria ·lbercsa·s edicr of 1769: in 1772. ir was transferred to the r aculry of Law in Zagreb. Besides rcvieWUlg tbe hisrory of the !>tud) of poliliel> in Croatia, the fore-word is a lso a sbort re,iew of the de-vclupmcnl of political science in gen-eral. The editors bnve applied certain criteria for the e lection of the authors and the text!>. A group of the chosen authors work~;;d ul uuiversilics, while some ml'ljorcci io polit ic:~ l science (for exam-ple Stjcpun RadiC und Jusip Nagy, in Pnris). Most of tbem wet·c major fig-ures in puliticaJ life. l'hc texts have been picked out accordiug to tlte the-matic and technical criteriA. The tbemulic criterion requires the ropics ro be from the fie lds of the fouudatioru. of politiel> or the relalion-<;hip berween politics and polilicaJ sci-eucc::, and to be as near ro rhe '·inc;tinnional stud) of politics" us pos-!>iblc {p. 17). The technicaJ criterion requires the texts to be suirable for publishing in this <;orr nf a limited-scope anthology. That is why the book doc:. nul include the I.CS'~ hy rhe phi-losopher of polit ics, Julio Makumu:, an uthcTWic;c und1c;puted authority. The rest of the foaewoad :.upplics the in-formation ahout the included authors as weU as the UU!>ic Lhcorclical guide-lines of lheir works. The firs t original text is "Civic aci-monilions for ruling sta tes" by Nikolu Vitov Gul:ctiC::, Ragusian polita l-hisJOrian (15119-1610). Guectic deals with tbc functiooing of a we ll-ordered sta le. I-I'JS teachings do DOt exceeu lh~ Cntmework ~stablisbed by Ari~tolle's " Politics'·: he refers to this wot k:. throughout his tx1ok in an auempt to lind the coo-stcUution of iru;titulion which mighc be conducive to lhe realization of the Book !11VI8WS, Poht. m1sao, Vol, XXXII, (1995), No. 5, pp. 203-214 213 forms of living indispensable for happi-ness. Besides dwelling on the Aristote-lian concept of politics, Gueetic also looks inw the existing political options fur ru lers aud offers a plethora of ad-vice. liis advice arc more in line with the concrete political interests luau with moral principles. GucetiC's text is followed hy a document eotitletl "Maria Theresa's edict on tbe establishment of the polit-ico-cameral stutly" ill Lulio uotl Croa-tian. The next author, Ante Starccvic (1823-1896), the ideologue of the Croatian national idea is represented will.J chapters [rom his polit ical writ-ings, under the suit:1ble headings of "Politics", "SLate", "Freedom of speech" and so on. Starcevic, as the ideologue of the national stale and a partisao of the classical tndition in politics, at the time of the noncxis-taocc of a Croatian s tate, accepted the concept of lhe moral preparation of the people for the task of can-ying out sovereignty. His concept of the stale bas three principles: 1. Croatian state right 2. Right of the people to self-de-termination 1. Principle of legitimacy. Starcevic insists on the rights and the agreement~ on which the Croatian state right is based on, the right which h:-1d heen kepr alive in rhe Croati:1n people for ceuturies. Nevertheless, tbongb he proposes establishing the state m; a moral community, h\: tries 10 sprinkle his theory with ilberal principles (various freedoms and the rule of law). After Starcevit., rhe editors have included the text "On state", by lbe politician and lawyer Gjuro Basaricek (1884-1928), the propoueut of Lbc sociological theory of force in the creation of states. He thinks lbar a stale can onJy be crcatctl via a strug-gle since s truggle has "since times im-memorial been a part of the history of mank.intl; the farther we go into the past, lbe bloodier and more hideous that struggle becomes" (p. 80). In the modern capitalist society new conflicts emerge, not those along clannish or tribal lines, but aloug economic and social interests. lle insists on the ne-cessity of creating lbe national state, the ftrst requirement being to " transplant the language of the people into the literature". This will create a need for national unity, which will give birtlt to a "powerful national idea" as 11 uni!Ying force of t'he state (p. l:l6) StjcpUJJ Rudie (1871-1928), politi-cian and political scientist, is among the hest political scientist~ in this se-lection. Two of llis texts are included here: "The St.ar.ehoocl ancl the Nlltion-bootl Crorn the poirtl of view of social science'· and "The Constitution of the nculml peasants' Republic of Croatin". The first text will be described in greater detail. ln it Radic offers his vision of the creation of a s tate and a nation. His starling point is Gumplo-vicz' concept of lhe the.ory of force; he claims that tbe "sole origin of Stutes up lu nuw bus been Coree''. Ac-cording to him, force has material, or-ganizational and moral elements. Radic is against the social contract theory, and particularly against Rousseau whom he accuses of having "misled the entire state-building science" (p. 142). A state emerges through a struggle among dif-ferent tribes; later, the developmem of civil society brings about the pacifica-tion and the srnte is tntnsforme(l into a means of uuiversttl forced labour. The outcome of this social struggle is nul the triumph of that which is most just but that which is stronge.st Fortu-nately, this strength emhrace.'l variouR influences (p. 127). Particularly interesting are parts of the discussion entitletl "The Hubsbrug Monarchy from rhe ~;ocio logical and national viewpoint" in which he defines nation as a cultural and national Book -· POM. msao, Val XXXI. (1995), No. S. ~ 203-214 214 whole, based on the sense of belong-ing. Radit thinks that the struclUre of rbe Hnbsburg Monarchy fostered tbe u~vt:lopmenl of n:Jiions in this seuse, and for him it wus, in that respect, an "example of a more advanced type of a state'" (p. 195). The professor of constitutional Jaw. Ladislav Polit ( IH74-1927) is repre· ented here with lhe text ~an the de-velopment of democratic thought". PoHc is probably the hest educated lawyer ll nrl political scientist from Lhis group; a uoclor of law, he also spent some time specinljzing with professor Georg Jellinck in lleidelberg. He at.l-VOCil tes the legal ddinilion of lhe state and cmpbasi7.es lhe notion of the ra-tional natural law which later gave rise to lhc liberal concept of the rule of law. This led to the emergence of the ~ocial contract rheory, which wa~ revo-lutionary nl the lime, due to its as-sumption of the equality of citizens and rulers. Thus this theory became the ideological launchpad for a ll demo-crats in their fight against aristocrats. Polic distinguishes between lhe antique and ll1t: modern democracy whose con-temporary development he de.<;cnbes on numerous examples. His uberul and democratic attitude is obvious in his censure of Rousseau and Hobbes due 10 their absolutist theories of state: of absolute democracy and of absolute monarchy tespt:clively, which are equa lly unbearahle for the individual. The autho~ Josip Andric ( 1894-1967) C Politics as science") and Josip Nagy (1884-?) \The system of poli-tics") define politics as a practical ac-tivity and analyse 1 he foundations of politia; as a science. Nagy defines politics us a practical science of lhc state which is linket.l with different so-cial and humanistic scienccl> whose findings it tries Lo make use of in praclicc. The las\ an\hor is Fran Milobar (1869-19_.5), who wa a professor a t 1 he F aculty of Luw in Zagreb. I lis work entilled ~The state and the peo-ple. The executive and the parliamenL Authority untl freedom." emerged as the response to the wter-wur political conditions when the politicnl institutions of democratic states - us well as the li~ral theory iLc;elf - were not able to cope with lbe times. Milobar claims thai neither the individual uor the so· cial principh.: l>hould gam the upper band since Lhis results in anarchy. Tbougb be docs nor speak in favour of dictatorships, Milobur advocate.<; the so culled authorit~rian de mocracy which includes ronny at.lvuol.llgcs of constiru-liunal monarchy, for example " tile nec-essary authority and the honest unbi-~cd non-party administra tion- (p. 275)_ Finally, it should be stressed iliat Lhi is only the first ~tcp in the 'illldy of the Croatian political science lradi-Lion and that in tlJc next pha~e much more attention should be uevoted lo the analyses of the text.~. Besides, tbe study of the cameral period should he stepped up since there are controver-sies ahout tbe scientific ~talus of the cameralisb' method<; as descn"bed by Jmeph A Scbumpeter in his book Histury of J;connm.ic Analysis (195_.). Tonci Kursnr Trnnslated by BoZica Jaknv/ev 

Anđelko Milardović, Tihomir Cipek, Marinko Šišak (ed.): Hrvatska politološka tradicija. Prinosi za povijest hrvatske politologije (Croatian Political Science Tradition. Contributions to the History of Croatian Political Science)

Anđelko Milardović, Tihomir Cipek, Marinko Šišak (ed.): Hrvatska politološka tradicija. Prinosi za povijest hrvatske politologije (Croatian Political Science Tradition. Contributions to the History of Croatian Political Science)

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