In these notes the formulation of models is aimed at obtaining a description of the dynamic behaviour of processes under transient conditions. This implies that we will formulate the equations of motion of the process variables that describe the evolution of the process as a function of time. Our models will formulate the process dynamics in a form as required for the understanding of process operations such as startup and shutdown, or for studying the transitions from one operating condition to another one as, e.g., required by grade changes in a production plant or by changes in the composition of the feedstock. Process dynamic models also are of great importance for providing control engineers with qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the transient behaviour of processes that are to be used in model based control system design.Delft Center for Systems and Control (DCSC)Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin