Exit, Voice, and Loyalty in Investment Treaty Arbitration

Abstract

I. Introduction II. The Investment Treaty Arbitration Organization ... A. What Organization? ... B. A Look Inside the Club III. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty ... A. Exit: A Long, Difficult, and Open Road to the Door … 1. The Three Types of Exit and the Unavailability of Selective Exit ... 2. The Long Road to Formal Exit ... 3. The Operation of Exit ... B. Voice: From Protest to Prescription ... 1. Protest ... 2. Interpretation ... 3. Prescription ... 4. The Operation of Voice ... C. The Interplay of Exit and Voice, and the Question of Loyalty ... 1. The Interplay and Relative Effectiveness of Exit and Voice ... 2. The Question and Role of Member Loyalty IV. Conclusio