Progress in many areas of astronomy requires large-area surveys and observations of
extended objects. This includes the cosmic microwave background, nearby galaxies, the
Milky Way, and regions of star-forming regions within our galaxy. The ability to carry
out such studies is critically dependent on the development of affordable high-sensitivity
focal plane arrays, for both spectral line and continuum observations. We discuss a
program for the next decade to develop such technology for ground-based and spacebased
millimeter and submillimeter astronomy. Appropriate technologies exist, but
significant effort is required to make the transition from simply replicating individual
pixels to approaching focal plane array design in an integrated fashion from feeds to
spectrometers for spectral analysis. This advance is essential to realize the full potential
of major new ground-based, suborbital, and future space facilities, and is relevant to the
RMS and EOS panels. The recommended budget for this activity is $65M
