The Bodo partial distal humerus with an approximate age of 0.6 million years is one of the
very few postcranial remains from the African Middle Pleistocene. Despite its fragmentary status,
comparisons of the Bodo humerus with other fossil hominid and modern human samples reveal some
insights into African hominids of this time period. The Bodo partial humerus displays distal humeral
features very common in the European Middle and Late Pleistocene hominids, such as a relatively
wide olecranon fossa and relatively thin lateral and medial pillars adjacent to the fossa. In Africa, the
postcranial fossils from the Middle and Late Pleistocene exhibit a surprising amount of morphological
diversity. The presence of ‘typically’ Neandertal traits in some, but not all, Homo ergaster, H. Rhodesiensis,
and early H. sapiens, together with the greater similarity of some African specimens than others
to recent humans, highlights the problem of interpreting the anatomical variation that characterizes
African fossil humans. An analysis of frequency–based patterning can help us understand this striking
variation. Populations of Middle Pleistocene African hominids, such as the one represented by the
Bodo specimen studied here, may have been variable, and their skeletons may have contained a mosaic
of modern and non–modern human traits
