Giger, Markus

Hurni, Hans

Portner, Brigitte

Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)

Main Findings of the IAASTDInternational Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD) Main FindingsHans Hurni, Co-ordinating Lead Author, IAASTD Global Chapter 1, and Author, Summary for Decision Makers and Synthesis ReportBrigitte Portner and Markus Giger, Contributing Authors, Global Chapter 1Main Findings of the IAASTDMultifunctional perspective of agricultureIAASTD 2008Approximately 2.6 billion people – men, women and children – directly rely on agricultural production systems.Main Findings of the IAASTDThe IAASTD• Inter-Governmental process with multi- stakeholder bureau comprising government and civil society• Co-Sponsors: FAO, GEF, UNDP, UNESCO, World Bank, WHO• Multi-thematic, multi-spatial, and multi-temporal• 400 experts authored the reports• Peer reviewed by governments and experts• Approved by over 60 governmentsMain Findings of the IAASTDDevelopment goals of the IAASTD• Reducing hunger and poverty• Improving rural livelihoods• Improving nutrition and human health• Facilitating environmentally, socially, equitable and economically sustainable developmentMain Findings of the IAASTDStages of development of agricultural equipment and motorized mechanizationMazoyer and Roudard 2006Main Findings of the IAASTDMain Findings of the IAASTDMain Findings of the IAASTDFarm size by world regionWorld region Average farm size, haAfrica 1.6Asia 1.6Latin America and Caribbean 67.0Western Europe 27.0North America 121.0von Braun 2005Main Findings of the IAASTDMain Findings of the IAASTDNever before has it been more important for the world to generate and use Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology (AKST) IAASTD GSDM 2008Main Findings of the IAASTDKey questions• Agriculture for development or agriculture in development?• How many can make their living in other sectors than agriculture and/or in urban centres?Main Findings of the IAASTDEnvironmental problems• Biodiversity loss• Water availability• Soil degradation• Pesticides• Climate changeMain Findings of the IAASTDChallenge: food securityAnnual cereal yields by region, 1961-2000 (FAOSTAT in: Jayne et al., 2005)Main Findings of the IAASTDChallenge: food securityMain Findings of the IAASTD?Main Findings of the IAASTDMain Findings of the IAASTDOptions for action: enhancing food securityPrevalence of undernourishment – proportion of the population unable to acquire sufficient calories to meet their daily caloric requirements, 2003 estimates (FAO 2003 in: Rosegrant et al., 2006) Main Findings of the IAASTDOptions for action: enhancing food security• High benefits of agricultural research has been proven• More integrated application of formal and informal S&T is needed• Broad range of technologies is needed (scientific and local)• Appropriate policies and institutional arrangements neededMain Findings of the IAASTDOptions for action: using natural resources in a sustainable way • Improving low impact practices• S&T should focus not only on food production but also on social and environmental functions• Improved policy framework and Incentives for sustainable managementMain Findings of the IAASTDMain Findings of the IAASTDMain Findings of the IAASTDThe challenge: climate change(Stern Review 2007)Main Findings of the IAASTDAdaptation to climate change• Important challenge for agriculture• Climate change constitutes an additional stress to local systems• High degree of uncertainty about regional climate change scenariosMain Findings of the IAASTDCoffee Cultivation Area in EthiopiaCurrent conditions (1950-2000)Prediction for 2050 under climate changeRueegsegger 2008Main Findings of the IAASTDCoffee Cultivation Area in EthiopiaPrediction for 2080 under climate changePrediction for 2050 under climate changeCurrent conditions (1950-2000)Rueegsegger 2008Main Findings of the IAASTDThe challenge: biofuel(IAASTD 2008)Main Findings of the IAASTDTraditional use of bioenergy: energy source for 2.4 billion peopleMain Findings of the IAASTDMetabolic energy still drives rural economies in many areasMain Findings of the IAASTDPotential of biofuels for income generation and economic development still needs to be investigatedSo far only a few countries like South Africa, India, China, Brazil may have a capacity to invest in R&D efforts:– Large capital need– Economics of scale– Technical sophistication– IPRSome potential can be realised in marginal areas (Jatropha etc.)Main Findings of the IAASTDftp://ftp.fao.org/nr/HLCinfo/Land-Infosheet-En.pdfMain Findings of the IAASTDBiofuel is but one factor influencing food marketsMain Findings of the IAASTDThe way forward• Avoidance of increased pressure on resources and on food markets by excessive promotion of biofuel• Supporting smallholder farmers as a contribution to economic, social and environmental goals • Increased investments in agriculture• Build on the achieved consensus with regard to the important role of agriculture and its multifunction nature• Unresolved issues (GMO’s, trade liberalisation etc.) should be researched and negotiated, and not be left for decision to closed circles of policy makers and powerful economic actorsMain Findings of the IAASTDhttp://www.restena.lu/primaire/niederanven/home/CLOD5/Texte/Alltage/Clau_NoKa_Afrika/Claude_NoKa_Afrika5.jpgMain Findings of the IAASTDMain Findings of the IAASTDOptions for action: fighting poverty and improving rural livelihoodsWhere people are poor (Commission for Africa 2005)Main Findings of the IAASTDOptions for action: improving human healthNumber of people without access to an improved water source, 1995, and projected 2015, baseline and MDG scenarios.(Rosegrant et al., 2006)Main Findings of the IAASTDOptions for action: helping achieve equity in agricultureAgricultural productivity and equity are often closely related (HDR 2006)Main Findings of the IAASTDPublic and private research intensities in developing and developed countries(Pardey and Beintema 2001)

Main Findings of the International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD)

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Main Findings of the International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD)

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