Орієнталізм Едварда Саїда як методологія постколоніальних досліджень (Orientalismʼs Edward said as the methodology of the postcolonial studies)

Abstract

У статті досліджується методологія Едварда Саїда, викладена в роботі «Орієнталізм», що стала основою подальшого розвитку постколоніальної літератури. Використовуючи поняття «орієнталізм», Саїд зміг пояснити відмінності між західною та східною культурою через дискурс зв’язку «знання – влада – уява». Методологічний підхід Саїда перетворився на міждисциплінарну сферу наукового вивчення, що відкрило можливості використовувати орієнталізм для перевірки правдивості чи фальсифікованості. (The article examines the methodology of Edward Said that he created and presented in the book of «Orientalism». In this work he was able to explain that the differences between peoples, nations and ethnic groups arised through different influence of rational knowledge into cultural self-determination. Culture of Western society, beginning from the era of modern times, has adapted rational knowledge or scientific concepts to the social and political needs of society. As a result, Western society has formed the modern period, during which Western nations realized their historical identity and determined their further development. Using the achievements of the scientific potential in the community of Western states was created the concept of «otherness», that is the cultural differences of the societies that they could experience the benefits of modernity. Thus, in Western science there was formed the concept of «orientalism» – different national texts about the East. The history of the formation and appointment of literature sources of «Orientalism» E. Said analyzes using the methodology of deconstruction, introduced by postrukturalist-philosopher J. Derrida. Through deconstruction Said found that «Orientalism» is opposing design, which helped the Western European states to realize their political ambitions. The purpose of «Orientalism» as a scientific field study of the East is the impact force and possession of everything that is defined as the opposite of Western cultural position. Therefore, for Said, his work «Orientalism» was predictive-critical exposure of differences between Western and Eastern culture through discourse communication «knowledge – power – magination». Said continued to develop critical methodology in his further works and deepened consideration of Orientalism to the theory of cultural imperialism – West continues to dominate, retaining the position to determine the scientific and intellectual socialization. Said developed methodological approach into an interdisciplinary field of scientific study, which opened the possibility to use Orientalism in order to verify the truth or alsification.