In the world today, self-driving cars have proven to be a very interesting concept.
The concept of self-driving cars was exploded in 2004 during the DARPA Grand Challenge competition where fully autonomous vehicles competed against each other on a desert course.
The Stanford University's STANLEY was the winner of this competition. Ever since then there have been Junior by Stanford University, the Google self-driving cars, the European City Mobile Project among others. The necessary kinematic equations and algorithms for this mobile robot are obtained to ensure mobility and maneuverability of the robot. An Arduino-based controller circuit is built to implement the necessary algorithms, and servomotors are used to carry out independent wheel motion of the mobile robot. The obstacles are identified by means of tactile sensors; different shades of light are observed and in turn the zero normalized differential shade is calculated by means of the Phototransistors. The Infrared (IR) Sensors are needed to enable manual remote control escape in difficult terrains all of which make for a programmable mobile robot
