Everson, R J

Gann, R

Grogan, Jesse

Woloshuk, Charles

English

Purdue E-Pubs

Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Historical Documents of the Purdue Cooperative Extension Service Department of Agricultural Communication 2-27-1996 1995 Ear Rot and Mycotoxin Survey Charles Woloshuk Purdue University, woloshuk@purdue.edu Jesse Grogan Purdue University R Gann R J. Everson Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/agext Woloshuk, Charles; Grogan, Jesse; Gann, R; and Everson, R J., "1995 Ear Rot and Mycotoxin Survey" (1996). Historical Documents of the Purdue Cooperative Extension Service. Paper 1097. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/agext/1097 For current publications, please contact the Education Store: https://mdc.itap.purdue.edu/ This document is provided for historical reference purposes only and should not be considered to be a practical reference or to contain information reflective of current understanding. For additional information, please contact the Department of Agricultural Communication at Purdue University, College of Agriculture: http://www.ag.purdue.edu/agcomm This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact epubs@purdue.edu for additional information. Task ForceGRAIN QUALITYPurdue University is an equal opportunity/equal access institution.Fact Sheet # 25February 27, 1996Purdue Universitypage 1 of 11995 Ear Rot and Mycotoxin SurveyCharles Woloshuk,  Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Jesse Grogan,  Department of Botany and Plant PathologyR. Gann, Indiana Agricultural Statistics ServiceR. J. Everson, Animal Disease Diagnostic LaboratoryThe 1995 pre-harvest survey of ear rots andmycotoxins in Indiana corn was completed. As inpast years, two samples of five ears werecollected by the Indiana Statistics Service fromeach of their field plots located around the stateand sent to Purdue University for evaluation ofear rots and mycotoxins.  Due to the late plantingof the crop this year, we collected samples at ornear the time of harvest.  We examined 314samples from 167 corn fields for a total of 1570ears.  Each ear was individually examined forear rots.  The incidence and severity of thefollowing ear rots were determined: Fusarium earrot (Fusarium moniliforme), Gibberella ear rot(Gibberella zeae), Aspergillus ear rot(Aspergillus flavus), Diplodia ear rot (Diplodiazeae), and minor ear rots (Trichoderma sp.,Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp., etc.).Data from the survey support fieldobservations made during the season ofwidespread occurrence of Fusarium ear rot.Over 90 percent of the survey samples werepositive for Fusarium ear rot.  This level isstatistically comparable to the 1989 and 1993surveys which recorded 89.9 percent and 88.6percent, respectively.  This year’s diseaseseverity levels were low.  We attribute the lowerseverity to the continued dry weather throughoutthis harvest season.  In the surveys fromprevious years, samples having disease severityof 10 percent or greater were tested formycotoxins.  This year, samples with severityratings of 3 to 10 percent were also included.Fumonisins were found in all 18 samples tested,ranging in concentrations from 0.25 ppm to 14ppm.This is the first year since the ear rot surveybegan in 1989 that we have not detectedGibberella ear rot by visual inspection.  However,our mycotoxin data indicate that the Gibberellaear rot mold was present in some of the earsamples.  Two of the ear samples visuallyscored as Fusarium ear rot and tested formycotoxin had fumonisin, the mycotoxinassociated with Fusarium ear rot, and vomitoxin(2 ppm and 3 ppm), indicating that both moldswere causing the ear rot.  The less amount ofGibberella ear rot is likely due to the hot, dryweather this summer.We observed Aspergillus ear rot earlier thisfall in southwest Indiana.  The disease incidencewas low in the fields and confined to fields withsandy soils.  No samples with Aspergillus ear rotwere found in this year’s ear rot survey.ConclusionsThe data from this year’s survey are a goodindicator of the post-harvest grain quality.  Ourdata suggest that Indiana grain quality is good.The survey suggests that the levels of fumonisinin corn should not be unusually high.   However,the widespread occurrence of Fusarium ear rotsuggest that isolated fields will have significantamounts of disease and the mycotoxin.  Earlierthis fall, horse owners and handlers wereadvised of the potential for fumonisin in thisyear’s corn.Grain Quality Fact Sheets can be accessed on-line through:World Wide Web (Mosaic or Netscape) URL address:http//:hermes.ecn.purdue.edu:8001/server/purdue/acspub.html(select) Grain QualityorAlmanac:send e-mail to: almanac@ecn.purdue.edumessage: send grain guideor   send grain catalogor   send grain factsheet#12 (for example)or   send acsonline GQ-12

1995 Ear Rot and Mycotoxin Survey

https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2091&amp;context=agext

1995 Ear Rot and Mycotoxin Survey

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Purdue E-Pubs