Fluvial erosion—erosion that occurs along a river—is a major threat to infrastructure, and most commonly to roads. This presentation provides an overview of the Indiana Fluvial Erosion Hazard Mitigation Manual, which was recently developed on behalf of the Indiana Silver Jackets. The manual provides a framework for analyzing, designing, and post-construction management / maintenance for fluvial erosion hazard mitigation projects in Indiana

Barr, Robert

Beik, Siavash

Burke, Christopher B.

Meunier, Brian

English

Purdue E-Pubs

Brian Meunier, PE, CFMSiavash Beik, PE, CFM, D.WRERoad School 2019Fluvial Erosion Hazard MitigationWHAT IS A FLUVIAL EROSION HAZARD?Bean Creek in Indianapolis, INWHAT IS A FLUVIAL EROSION HAZARD?Sugar Creek in Crawfordsville, INWHAT IS A FLUVIAL EROSION HAZARD?West Fork Whitewater River near Brookville, INFluvial Erosion Hazards are:The suite of risks to structures, property, andinfrastructure elements that are brought aboutby the natural processes of stream-bank erosionand stream-channel meanderingWHAT IS A FLUVIAL EROSION HAZARD?Rivers are not static. They change:• Dimension (cross-section)FEH CONCEPTSWest Fork White River in Muncie, INRivers are not static. They change:• Dimension(cross-section)• Pattern (alignment from an aerial view)FEH CONCEPTSFlatrock River near Columbus, INRivers are not static. They change:• Dimension (cross-section)• Pattern (alignment from an aerial view)• Profile (bed elevation)FEH CONCEPTSImage: Schumm et al, after USACE• Fluvial erosion hazards can result from both stable and unstable rivers, though it is more common with unstable rivers.Stability is defined as a river or stream’s ability in thepresent climate to transport the stream-flows andsediment of its watershed over time in such a mannerthat the channel maintains its dimension, pattern, andprofile without either aggrading or degrading(Rosgen, 1996, 2001).FEH CONCEPTSMany Agencies One SolutionINDIANA FEH PROGRAMFederal and National Partners State, Local, and Educational  PartnersINDIANA FEH PROGRAM: PREVIOUS PHASES• Phase I: Develop regionally-based channel dimensions for stable Indiana streamsINDIANA FEH PROGRAM: PREVIOUS PHASES• Phase I: Develop regionally-based channel dimensions for stable Indiana streams• Phase II:Determine channel migration rates to identify mobile streams and establish statewide FEH corridorsINDIANA FEH PROGRAM: PREVIOUS PHASES• Phase I: Develop regionally-based channel dimensions for stable Indiana streams• Phase II:Determine channel migration rates to identify mobile streams and establish statewide FEH corridors• Phase I: Develop regionally-based channel dimensions for stable Indiana streams• Phase II:Determine channel migration rates to identify mobile streams and establish statewide FEH corridors• Phase III:Develop a manual to provide guidance on how to address FEHsINDIANA FEH PROGRAM: PHASE III• PurposeFocus on how to best mitigate the fluvial erosion hazard in areas whereavoidance is not feasible, acceptable, or is cost prohibitive, and how to evaluatebest methods for protecting structures and infrastructure, while striving tominimize impacts on the stream system.• Appropriate Use / LimitationsThis manual is directed to project engineers, technical professionals, and ownersinvolved in the design and construction of fluvial erosion hazard mitigation projects,also referred to as bank stabilization or rehabilitation. The intent of this manual is toprovide direction to experienced design professionals so that any modifications madeto the stream maintain or improve the stability of the waterway and protect theinterests of the owner. The majority of information given in this document is generaland provides many of the technical principles used throughout the country. Thedesigner must be a suitably educated and trained professional that has experience inthis field to properly apply these guidelines to the specifics of the site and the needs ofthe owner.FEH MITIGATION MANUALDiscovery of an FEHData Gathering & Problem IdentificationAnalysis & DesignImplementationMonitoring / Maintenance / Adaptive ManagementFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: OUTLINE / PROCESS• Site Assessment– Establish assessment reach limitsFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: DATA GATHERING• Site Assessment– Establish assessment reach limits– Channel dimensions– Signs of erosion/deposition– Evaluate channel forming discharge & other flows– Document morphologic processes– Infrastructure & site constraints– Identify reach-scale stressorsFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: DATA GATHERING• Site Assessment– Establish assessment reach limits– Channel dimensions– Signs of erosion/deposition– Evaluate channel forming discharge & other flows– Document morphologic processes– Infrastructure & site constraints– Identify reach-scale stressorsFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: DATA GATHERING• Watershed Assessment– Land use analysis(composition & trends)– Rainfall analysis (trends)– Upstream drainage network analysis(composition & trends)– Streamflow Gage analysis (trends)FEH MITIGATION MANUAL: DATA GATHERING• Stakeholder Input– Federal, State, Local, & Project Team– Establish decision making process– Convey/acknowledge constraints and limitations based on site assessment• Mitigation Objectives– Create list of stressors– List & prioritize desired stream functions– Evaluate social, environmental, and O&M factors– Identify additional information needsFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: DATA GATHERINGPhoto courtesy: MakProSVCPhoto courtesy: EMH&T• Analysis Methods– Channel forming flowsFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ANALYSIS & DESIGNImage courtesy: Soar & Thorne, 2001• Analysis Methods– Channel forming flows– Sediment continuityFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ANALYSIS & DESIGN(Adapted from the International Commission for the Hydrology of the Rhine Basin [above]Little Geological Consulting [below])• Analysis Methods– Channel forming flows– Sediment continuity– Stable channel geometryFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ANALYSIS & DESIGNImage courtesy: USGS, 2013• Analysis Methods– Channel forming flows– Sediment continuity– Stable channel geometry– ScourFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ANALYSIS & DESIGNImage courtesy: USGSImage courtesy: USDA• Analysis Methods– Channel forming flows– Sediment continuity– Stable channel geometry– Scour– Habitat quality & availabilityFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ANALYSIS & DESIGNInvasive Species(Top: Missouri Dept. of Conservation, 2017)(Middle: Purdue Ext. Entomology, 2018)(Bottom: Circle of Blue, 2016)Collection of Field Data for QHEI in White Lick • Passive River Management (Agricultural)– Land cover & tillage– Grazing– Soil compaction– Drainage– NutrientsFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ANALYSIS & DESIGNImage after USDA, 2012Extensive tile drainage• Passive River Management(Urban)– Green infrastructure (including LID)– Pollutants of concernFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ANALYSIS & DESIGNPhoto courtesy: Institute for Groundwater ResearchPhoto courtesy: AAES, 2015• Active River Management– Vertical stability• Floodplain reattachment• Grade control structures• Bed armoringFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ANALYSIS & DESIGNPhoto courtesy USACEImage courtesy NCSU, 2017Bean Creek in Indianapolis, IN• Active River Management– Lateral stability• Toe protection• Bank armoring• Flow redirection• Channel augmentationFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ANALYSIS & DESIGNYellow River near Knox, INArmored bank along Wabash River in Vincennes, INYellow River near Knox, IN• Active River Management– Habitat• Water quality• Constructed habitat & habitat rejuvenationFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ANALYSIS & DESIGNLunker StructureImage courtesy ESenSS, 2014Rain gardenBuffer stripsSediment rejuvenation• Project Implementation Considerations– Project Delivery• Design-Bid-Build• Design-BuildFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ANALYSIS & DESIGNImages adapted from DBIA, 2015• Project Implementation Considerations– Constructability & timingFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ANALYSIS & DESIGNPoor initial establishment of vegetation due to timingalong Yellow River near Knox, INToe wood installation along Yellow River near Knox, IN• Project Implementation Considerations– Environmental impactFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ANALYSIS & DESIGNNative seeding over toe wood along Yellow River near Knox, INPhoto courtesy of City of Golden Valley, 2018• Project Implementation Considerations– Natural variabilityFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ANALYSIS & DESIGNTop: Sinuosity inconsistent with surrounding reaches, Soar and Thorne, 2001Bottom: Project nearly indistinguishable from natural reaches, Google Earth, 2015• Project Implementation Considerations– Anticipated longevity– MaintenanceFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ANALYSIS & DESIGNRobust materials protecting critical infrastructure in a flashy streamBean Creek in Indianapolis, INLack of maintenance/management results in slope failureWhite Lick Creek in Avon, IN• Project Implementation Considerations– Project cost• Delivery method• Alternative materials• Scope reduction• Prioritization of key project componentsFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ANALYSIS & DESIGNImage adapted from Whole Building Design Guide• Project Implementation Considerations– Performance evaluation– Selection of alternative– Develop design documentsFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ANALYSIS & DESIGNAlternative Name,Treatment Type, orOther Project MetricCumulative Score (15)ECONOMIC SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTALCapital Cost Lifecycle O&M Cost Shared FundingScore (5)Widespread Benefit(# of properties)Reduce Flooding Drainage ProblemsBenefit to Public Health & SafetyBenefit to Quality of Life Score (5)Level of Protection for Threatened FeaturesImpact to Adjacent Stream ReachesRestore/ Protect Floodplain FunctionImprove/ Protect Stream HabitatScore (5)Weighting Factor=0.45 0.20 0.35 1.00 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 1.00 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 1.000= > $10M very high none 0 none none none added risk significant (-) no change no change1= >$5M <$10M high 100% Owner 1-10 limited limited limited no change minor (-) limited limited2= >$1M <$5M mod-high 75% Owner 11-30 limited-mod limited-mod limited-mod minimal no change limited-mod limited-mod3= >$500K <$1M moderate 50% Owner 31-100 moderate moderate moderate moderate minor (+) moderate moderate4= >$100K <$500Klow-mod 75% Other 101-300 mod-high mod-high mod-high high moderate (+) mod-high mod-high5= <$100K low 100% Other 300+ high high high robust significant (+) high highAlternative 1 / Treatment 1 8 0 3 3 1.7 5 4 2 3 3.5 4 0 4 4 2.8Alternative 2 / Treatment 2 10 3 3 4 3.4 5 5 0 3 3.3 5 1 3 1 3.0Alternative 3 / Treatment 3 6 4 0 4 3.2 2 0 1 3 1.5 3 0 0 3 1.5• Passive Measures– Programs Available• NRCS• TNC (and other non-governmental organizations)• Wetland and tree mitigation for regulatory permits– Duration & Deed Restriction• Required participation duration for voluntary programs varies• Mitigation for regulatory permits are typically in perpetuityFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: IMPLEMENTATION• Active Measures– Funding– Regulatory permitting– Communication during constructionFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: IMPLEMENTATIONPre-construction meetings and meetings about critical project elements are a key to successful implementation• Post-construction Activities– Mgmt Plan objectives & approach• Proper performance of in-stream structures and stabilization measures• Changes in channel morphology• Response by ecological/biological resources– Monitoring• Channel geometry• Channel materials• Water quality• Habitat & Flora/FaunaFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENTFEH mitigation projects are generallymost vulnerable immediately followingconstruction, particularly when bio-engineering methods are used.• Post-construction Activities– Maintenance• Correct settlement• Failed/inadequate vegetation• Repair minor erosion– Final Inspection & Termination• Confirm objectives are met and the project is self-sustaining• Nature-based vs. engineered solutionsFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT• BMP Fact SheetsFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: APPENDIX INFORMATIONNo. Mitigation Measure Primary Category Secondary Category1.1.1 Rock W-weirs Grade Control Structures Flow Redirection1.1.2 Step-pools Grade Control Structures Floodplain Reattachment1.1.3 Log drops and V-log drops Grade Control Structures Floodplain Reattachment1.1.4 Newbury Riffle Grade Control Structures Bed Armoring1.2.1 Toe wood Toe Protection Habitat Improvements1.2.2 Rock-toe revetments Toe Protection1.2.3 Interlocking concrete jacks Toe Protection1.2.4 Boulder revetments Toe Protection Bank Armoring1.3.1 Branch layering Bank Armoring1.3.2 Natural fiber rolls Bank Armoring1.3.3 Brush mattresses Bank Armoring Channel Augmentation1.3.4 Gabion baskets Bank Armoring Toe Protection1.3.5 Gabion mattresses Bank Armoring Bed Armoring1.3.6 Live stakes Bank Armoring Habitat Improvements1.3.7 Live fascines Bank Armoring Habitat Improvements1.3.8 Live soil lifts Bank Armoring Channel Augmentation1.3.9 Natural fiber matting / TRM / ECB Bank Armoring1.3.10 Riprap bank armoring Bank Armoring1.3.11 Articulating concrete blocks Bank Armoring1.4.1 Rock cross-vanes Flow Redirection Grade Control Structures1.4.2 J-hook vanes Flow Redirection Grade Control Structures1.4.3 Rock vanes Flow Redirection1.4.4 Log vanes Flow Redirection1.5.1 Constructed riffle-pool series Channel Augmentation Habitat Improvements1.5.2 Bank regrading/shaping Channel Augmentation Flow Redirection1.5.3 Cut-off sills Channel Augmentation Floodplain Reattachment1.5.4 Boulder clusters Channel Augmentation Habitat Improvements• FEH Mitigation Case Studies– Analysis– Design– ImplementationFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: APPENDIX INFORMATION• FEH Mitigation Study Example ReportsFEH MITIGATION MANUAL: EXAMPLE DOCUMENTSIndiana Fluvial Erosion Hazard Mitigation ManualAvailable for download at:http://feh.iupui.edu/resources/FEH MITIGATION MANUAL115 W. Washington St.Suite 1368 SouthIndianapolis, IN 46204317-266-8000Brian Meunier, PE, CFMHydrology & Hydraulics Section Headbmeunier@cbbel-in.comSiavash Beik, PE, CFM, D.WREVice President, Principal Engineersbeik@cbbel-in.com

Fluvial Erosion Hazard Mitigation

https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4327&amp;context=roadschool

Fluvial Erosion Hazard Mitigation

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