This is a calendar for turfgrass management for southeast Utah and includes guidelines for seeding, overseeding, sodding, fertilization, mowing, aeration, weed control, and irrigation

Johnson, Michael

Kopp, Kelly

Price, Steven J.

English

DigitalCommons@USU

December 2017    Horticulture/Turfgrass/2017-04pr Southeast Utah Turfgrass Management Calendar Kelly Kopp, Michael Johnson, and Steven Price Figure 1. This southeast Utah, area turfgrass management calendar applies to Carbon, Emery, Grand, Wayne and San Juan Counties and also covers portions of Sanpete, Sevier, and Garfield Counties. (Image credit: Terence Larson) Seeding Cool-season grasses, such as Kentucky bluegrass or the fescues, may be seeded any time from mid-spring to early fall, but late summer/early fall is the optimum seeding time in southeast Utah. The warmth of the soil in late summer is more advantageous for seed germination than the wet and cool soil conditions of the spring, allowing for faster germination (allow 4-6 weeks before expected first frost). In addition, cool-season grasses planted in the late summer will have both the cool fall and spring growing seasons to establish before the heat and dryness of the summer months return. Annual weed pressure is also lower in the late summer and early fall than during the spring months. In the hotter areas of the region, spring seeded grasses may be stressed during the summer months, requiring overseeding in the fall. Warm-season grasses, such as buffalograss or blue grama, should be seeded, sprigged or plugged in the early summer months to take best advantage of the warmer temperatures that they prefer. Refer to: Preparing Soil for Turfgrass Establishment-Southern Utah  Turfgrass Cultivars for Utah Management Calendar* March April May June July Aug Sept. Oct. Nov. Seeding-Cool Season Grasses Seeding-Warm Season Grasses Overseeding-Cool Season Grasses Sodding Fertilization-Cool Season Grasses Fertilization-Warm Season Grasses Aeration- Cool Season Grasses Aeration- Warm Season Grasses G/sSJ G/sSJ Preemergent Weed Control G/sSJ Broadleaf Weed Control Irrigation *These are general guidelines based on average weather conditions. Adjustment will be necessary during extremes of temperature orprecipitation. G/sSJ-Grand County and southern San Juan CountyOverseeding Overseeding bare patches or areas of thinning turf may be accomplished in late winter, early spring, or fall. In the spring and fall, a disk-type seeder may be used to drop seed into slits in the soil.  Alternatively, overseeding may be done following routine aeration practices. Refer to: Preparing Soil for Turfgrass Establishment-Southern Utah  Turfgrass Cultivars for Utah Sodding Sodding may be done at almost any time of the year provided water is available for irrigation. However, sod should not be laid when the soil is frozen. Sod may be laid prior to freezing, but care should be taken to keep it from drying out during the winter months. Appropriate soil preparation will also improve sod root growth. Refer to: Preparing Soil for Turfgrass Establishment-Southern Utah  Turfgrass Cultivars for Utah Fertilization Fertilization is the most important management practice for improving the overall quality of turfgrasses. Have soil tested every 2-3 years to obtain fertilizer recommendations for phosphorus and potassium. Routine soil tests for nitrogen, however, are not available. Instead, recommended nitrogen applications of 2-4 pounds per 1,000 sq. ft. annually are based on turfgrass research performed at Utah State University. Standard recommend-ations are to apply 1 pound of actual N with each fertilization. Soil testing is available through the Utah State University Analytical Laboratory and soil testing kits and instructions are available at all USU County Extension offices. Mowing Mowing is the most basic management practice and one of the simplest things that may be done to improve grass appearance. In southeast Utah, mowing should start when active growth begins in the spring and should continue until the grass stops growing in the fall. Ideally, no more than one-third of the total length of the grass blades should be mowed at one time and clippings should be recycled into the lawn. For example, if the grass is 4 inches high, mow no lower than 3 inches. Higher mowing heights improve grass resilience to hot weather.  Consider a minimum mowing height of 2.5 to 3 inches. The exception would be the last mowing, which should be shorter (1.5 in.) to help avoid disease issues over the winter/early spring months. Aeration Aeration removes plugs of turf and soil creating a system of large pores that facilitates air, water and nutrient movement into the soil. Aeration may also improve soil compaction and encourage microbial activity to break down excessive thatch. Aeration should be timed to coincide with periods of active grass growth. For cool season grasses, this will be early to mid-spring and/or late summer. For warm season grasses, this will be early to mid-summer. The warmer areas of Grand and San Juan Counties may continue aeration through late summer. Core aeration using a hollow tine aerator (3-4” length, ¼-¾” diam.) is recommended. For best results, aerate in one direction and once again at 90 degrees to the first direction. If aeration is performed in the spring, consider an application of preemergent herbicide where weeds have been prevalent. Weed Control* Establishing and maintaining a healthy, dense turfgrass stand is the best defense against weeds.  However, there are several options for weed control should weeds become problematic. Annual weed control (crabgrass, spurge) may be accomplished by applying preemergence herbicides prior to weed seed germination in early to mid-spring. In Grand or southern San Juan Counties, a second preemergent application may be necessary in mid to late June.  Broadleaf weed control may be accomplished by applying postemergence herbicides during periods of active weed growth. For both preemergence and postemergence herbicides, choose products labeled for control of the weeds of concern and carefully follow label instructions to avoid non-target plant damage. Weed Control Options for Residential Lawns in Utah. Irrigation Irrigation is typically necessary to support healthy turfgrass growth in southeast Utah, though different turfgrass species have different water requirements.  The efficient use of water for irrigation is also critical, not only to conserve limited water resources, but also for the health of the grass plants.  In addition to following a schedule based on turfgrass water requirements, irrigate early in the morning to avoid evaporative losses of water and avoid windy times of the day.  Also, check irrigation systems monthly for leaks, broken or clogged sprinkler heads, and other maintenance issues. Month Irrigation Interval Startup until April 30 Once every 6 days, IF needed May Once every 4 days, IF needed June Once every 3 days July Once every 3 days August Once every 3 days September Once every 6 days October 1 until shutdown Once every 10 days, IF needed Reference Simple Sprinkler Performance Testing fact sheets. Simple Sprinkler Performance Testing for Carbon County Simple Sprinkler Performance Testing for Emery County Simple Sprinkler Performance Testing for Wayne County Simple Sprinkler Performance Testing for Blanding, UT  Simple Sprinkler Performance Testing for Hanksville, UT Simple Sprinkler Performance Testing for Moab, UT  Simple Sprinkler Performance Testing for Monticello, UT Salinity Issues with excess soil salinity, or the amount of salt within the soil, can be prevalent in the hot and dry valleys of southeastern Utah. Areas with high clay content soils, poor drainage characteristics, or high water tables may be particularly problematic and deserve special attention. Improperly irrigating turf by providing overly frequent but shallow watering not only wastes water resources and does little to promote overall grass health, but can also increase soil salinity to harmful levels. Following recommended irrigation schedules and providing deep watering can help alleviate salt buildup or even reduce soil salinity to acceptable levels. Different types of turfgrasses vary in their tolerance to salinity and areas with persistent salt issues can benefit from selecting salt tolerant grass varieties. Growing Turf on Salt-Affected Soils *Precautionary Statement: All pesticides havebenefits and risks; however, following the labelinstructions will minimize the risk and maximizethe benefit. Pay attention to the directions for useand follow precautionary statements. Pesticidelabels are considered legal documents containinginstructions and limitations. Inconsistent use of theproduct or disregarding the label is a violation ofboth federal and state laws. The pesticide applicatoris legally responsible for proper use.Utah State University is committed to providing an environment free from harassment and other forms of illegal discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age (40 and older), disability, and veteran’s status. USU’s policy also prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in employment and academic related practices and decisions. Utah State University employees and students cannot, because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, or veteran’s status, refuse to hire; discharge; promote; demote; terminate; discriminate in compensation; or discriminate regarding terms, privileges, or conditions of employment, against any person otherwise qualified. Employees and students also cannot discriminate in the classroom, residence halls, or in on/off campus, USU-sponsored events and activities. This publication is issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Kenneth L. White, Vice President for Extension and Agriculture, Utah State University. 

Southeast Utah Turfgrass Management Calendar

https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2835&amp;context=extension_curall

Southeast Utah Turfgrass Management Calendar

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