LaBerge, W. E.

Michener, Charles D.

Moure, J. S.

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Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Mc Bee Lab 9-30-1955 Canephorulini, a Tribe of South American Bees (Hymenopt.-Apoidea) Charles D. Michener University of Kansas W. E. LaBerge J. S. Moure Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/bee_lab_mc  Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Michener, Charles D.; LaBerge, W. E.; and Moure, J. S., "Canephorulini, a Tribe of South American Bees (Hymenopt.-Apoidea)" (1955). Mc. Paper 114. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/bee_lab_mc/114 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Bee Lab at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mc by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact digitalcommons@usu.edu. -:-2 D U S EN I A : VI (5) Dia 30 de Setembro de 1955 • Canephorulini, a tribe of South American bees (Hymenopt. -Apoidea) C. D. MI~HENER, W. E. LA BERGE, and J. S. MOURE Property of G. E. BOHARf -DUSENIA : VI (5) Dia 30 de Setembro de 1955 Canephorulini, a tribe of South American bees (Hymenopt.-Apoidea) C. D. MICHENER1>, W. E. LA BERGE2>, and J. S. MOURE 1> In 1944 one of us (Michener) regarded the South Ame-rican bee genus Canephorula as a relative of the tribe Eucerini but as specimens were not then available to him, no firm action was taken with regard to the systematic position of the genus. Both sexes of Canephorula apiformis (Friese), the only known species of the genus, are now available to us. It seems probable that the genus is related to the Eucerini, but it ex-hibits so many uniqu e characters that it must be placed in a separate tribe, the Canephorulini, of the Anthophorinae. The principal reason for placing Canephorula with the Eucerini is that it agrees with that tribe in having very long paraglossae. It seems likely that thi s is an indication of relationship but the similarity in this character may result from convergence. In all probability Canephorula arose from an ancestral pre-eucerine, to the characters of which evolution has added many specializations. In the following description of Canephorula, the cha-racters which are believed to be of tribal significance in sepa-rating it from the Eucerini are italicized . Because of these characters, the genus would run to the vicinity of Melitomini and Centridini (= Hemisiini) in Michener's (1944) key to tribes of Anthophorinae. Canephorula Friese 3> Corbicula Friese, 1908 (not Meger le, 1811), Flora og Fauna, 10:59; Friese, 1908, Zeitschr. H y menopterologie Dip-terologie, 8 : 170. 1) Universldade do Parana, Curitiba, Par ana , Brasil. 2) University of Kansa s, Law rence , Kansas , U.S. A. 3) There Is some confu sion as to the authorship of Canepltor u la. Sandhouse (1943), for example , credits the nam e to Joergensen. The name wa s proposed in a foot-note, apparently written by Frie se an d ob viously signed by him, in a paper by Joer-gens en. The fact that Joergensen uses th~ name higher on the same page, without bibliographical or other reference to Canepltora or Corbicula and with out mentioning chara cters, wou ld n ot seem to be rea son for crediting th e nam e to Joergensen. 208 DUSENIA, Vol. VI , Fasc. 5 - 1955 Canephora Friese, 1908 (not Huebner, 1822), Flora og Fauna , 10: 94; Frie s e , 1908, Beiheft Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr ., p . 94. Canephorula Friese , 1909, in Joerg ens en , Deutsche Ent . Zeitschr., p. 212; Duck e, 1912, Zool. Jahrb. , abt. f . Syst. , 34:97; Friese, 1920, Zool. Jahrb ., abt. f. Syst. , 43: 461 (illustrations) . A genus of moderate sized, robust bees, in general form similar to many species of Melissodes. Vertex flattened (not convex as in Melitomini); lateral parts of clypeus bent back parallel to axis of body; apical margin of clypeus broadly bilobed; malar space absent. Mandible slender, simple; labrum more than twice as broad as long; distal part of galea shorter than face; maxillary palpus nearly two-thirds as long as distal part of galea, six segmented, second and third segments sub-equal and longer than any of the others; first segment of labial palpus much longer than second; galea particularly broad, at level of maxillary palpi as wide as distance between an-tenna! sockets, lateral margin curled under as separate lamella which terminates abruptly before apex of galea; outer margin of galea, especially apically, with long hairs directed downward; first two segments of labial palpus unusually broad; paraglossa flat, straplike, ending in sharp po int, reaching about to middle of second segment of labial palpus . Thorax similar to that of Eucerini; upper part of propodeum subhorizontal; metanotum strongly convex but basically subhorizontal. Pterostigma very small, shorter than prestigma, margin in marginal cell straight, oblique. Distal parts of wings without hairs, distinctly papillate; basal parts with very few hairs. Venation of fore wings simi-lar to that of Eucerini, marginal cell slightly shorter than dis-tance from apex to wing tip, apex bent gradually from wing margin; third submarginal cell, on vein M, slightly longer than first, markedly longe than second, which receives first m-cu in distal fourth; second m-cu received near apex of third sub-marginal cell; vein M shorter than first m-cu. Jugal lobe of hind wing nearly as long as cubital cell, vein cu-v nearly as long as second abscissa of M + Cu. Legs rather ordinary in form and ornamentation; tibial spurs rather small and slender; inner claw of posterior leg broadened (as in some Diadasia). Metasoma with plumose hairs on terga generally distributed but denser both basally and apically on most terga; pygidial plate rather large, bearing minute hairs, posterior end broadly rounded and projecting beyond remainder of apical tergum, carina around it weak ; gradulus of apical tergum not bent posteriorly at sides. MICHENER, LA BERGE, MOURE - Canephorulini 209 Canephoru.ia apiformis (Frie se ) 1 and 2, front and lateral views of head of male. 3, seventh tergum of male. 4, antenna of female. 5, antenna of male . Male: Inner orbit s of eyes convex throughout, closest just below level of ant enna! bases; paraocular carinae absent below level of antennal bas es; interocellar distance twice ocello-cular distance; interantennal distance twice oculoantennal dis-tance. Clypeus not strongly protuberant, seen fron side its lower end lies a distance equal to two thirds of width of eye in front of lower anterior eye margin, lateral eytremity of clypeus nearly reaching eye. Apex of labrum broadly rounded. Antennae reaching to scutellum, scape slender, four times as long as broad; minimum length of first flag ellar segment two-thirds as long as second, the latter nearly three time s as long as broad; flagellar segments except first and last cylindrical. Posterior trochanter with posterior fringe of short dense black hair; basitibial plate small, clearly defined; inner claw of pos-terior leg with inner prong shorter than that of outer claw. Metasorna with lateral longitudinal portions of tergal graduli not elevated to form lamellae or teeth as is usual in Eucerini; exposed sterna unmodified, sixth with apex broadl y rounded; seventh sternum simple (fig. 8), without evidence of the inner and outer plates found in Eucerini; gonocoxite without dorso-apical point, with group of long spicules ventroapically; gono-stylus with three lobes from base, an inner robust one, an outer long flat one which is longer than the gonocoxite, and an in-termediate slender one; volsellae absent . Female: Inner orbits of eyes converging below; parao-cular carinae complete; ocellocular distance about three fourths of interocellar distance; clypeus little protuberant, its lower end lying a distance equal to half of width of eye in front of lower anterior eye margin ; lateral extremity of clypeus well 210 DUSENIA , Vol. VI , Fasc. 5 - 1955 separated from eye. Apical margin of labrum thickened with small median depression bearing a tuft of strong hairs. An-tennae with scape over four times as long as broad, longer than pedicel plus first flagellar segment, former completely free, latter over 2.5 times as long as broad, shorter than sec-ond plus third flagellar segments . Basitibial plate clearly de-fined, more than twice as broad as long, margin not elevat ed, disc bearing minute appressed hairs; scopal hairs of anterior parts of tibia and basitarsus simple, those of posterior parts plumose ; outer surface of tibia, in distal third, with large bare area or corbicula surrounded by scopal hairs; posterior apical end of this area immediatel y above a comb of long bristles arising from distoposterior margin of tibia; basitarsus with comb of similar bristles on posterior margin. Metasomal sterna densely covered with short but almost scopalike hairs; gradulus of second sternum slightly arched posteriorly in middle, that of sixth tergum (unlike male) connected to pygidial plate as in Eucerini. .8 Canephorula apiformis (Fr iese) , male. 6, eighth metasomal sternum. 7 genitalia, right half , dorsal view . 8, seventh metasomal sternum. Canephorula apiformis (Friese) Corbicula apiformis Friese , 1908, Flora og Fauna , 10: 60; Friese, 1908, Zeit schr. H ymenopt erologie Dipterolo-gie, 8: 171. Canephora apiformis, Friese , 1908, Flora og Fauna, 10: 94; Friese, 1908, Beiheft Deutsche Ent, Zeitschr ., p. 94; Jensen-Haarup, 1908, Flora og Fauna, 10:107. MICHENER, LA BERGE, MOURE - Canephorulini 211 Canedhoruia apiformis, Joergensen, 1909, Deutsche Ent. Zeit-schr., p. 212; Joerg ens en, 1912, Zool. Jahrb., abt . f. Syst., 32: 162,2 27; Joerg ens en , 1912, An. Mus. Nat . Buenos Aires, (3) 15: 323; Friese, 1920, Zool. Jahrb., Abt . f. Syst., 43 :469 (illustrations). Friese has given accounts of the coloration and punc -tuation of this bee; since only one species in known further details seem unnecessary here. The species is known from western and northern Ar-gentina. Mendoza: Pedregal, Mendoza, Chacras de Coria (record-ed by Joergensen, principally from November to January). Tucuman: (2000 meters altitude; locality not given, November). Salta: (locality not given, March). La Rioja: Patquia, March, 1951; Cobullar, November 14, 1944. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to acknowledge the aide of the Campanha Nacional de Aperfei<;;oamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Rio de Janeiro; the Rockefeller Foundation, New York; the John Simon Guggenheim Memo-rial Foundation , New York; and the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas, Rio de Janeiro. We are grat eful also, for the loan of specimens, to Dr. Carlos Alberto Campos Seabra of Rio de Janeiro. RESUMO CANEPHORULINI , tribu de abelhas da America do Sul Em trabalho anterior (1944) urn dos autores (Michener) aproxi-mou Canephorula apiformis dos Eucerini. Certamente o parentesco esta confirmado pelo grande alongamento das paraglossas, porem uma serie de especializa<;;oes ocorridas na evolu<;;ao deste grupo, aconselha separa-<;;ao em tribu di versa. Como principais caracteres indicam-se: os palpos maxilares aproximadamente dois ter<;;os do comprimento da parte distal da galea; as asas distalmente papiladas, sem pelos, e estes muito escassos na parte basal; cu-v quase tao longo como a 2.a abscissa de M + Cu; placa pigidial com a ponta largamente arredondada , saliente; o 7.0 es-terno do macho simples , sem vestigios das placas interna e externa dos Eucerini; os gonoco xit os sem ponta dorso-apical; os gon6stilos com 3 16bulos basais; a face externa das tibias posteriores das femeas no ter<;;o distal formando corbicula e o gradulo do 2.0 esterno ligeiramente recurvo no meio. A (mica especie conhecida habita o oeste e norte da Argentina. 212 DUSENIA , Vol. VI , Fasc . 5 - 1955 LITERATURE CITED Michener , Ch a r 1 es D ., 1944, Compa rative external morpholo gy, phylogeny , and a classification of bees (Hymenoptera) , Bull. Amer . Mus . Nat . Hist. , 82 : 151-326. Sand house , Grace A ., 1943, The type species of the genera and subgenera of bees , Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. , 92 :519-619. 

Canephorulini, a Tribe of South American Bees (Hymenopt.-Apoidea)

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Canephorulini, a Tribe of South American Bees (Hymenopt.-Apoidea)

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