Best, C

Dennison, JR

Iskanderova, Z

Kleiman, J

Krishtein, L

Wood, Brian

DigitalCommons@USU

Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Presentations Materials Physics 10-2018 Long-Term Stability of Ion-Beam Treated Space Polymers in Geo-Simulated Environment J Kleiman Integrity Testing Laborator, Inc Z Iskanderova Integrity Testing Laboratory, Inc L Krishtein Integrity Testing Laboratory, Inc JR Dennison Utah State Univesity Brian Wood Utah State University C Best ViaSat Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/mp_presentations  Part of the Condensed Matter Physics Commons Recommended Citation Kleiman, J; Iskanderova, Z; Krishtein, L; Dennison, JR; Wood, Brian; and Best, C, "Long-Term Stability of Ion-Beam Treated Space Polymers in Geo-Simulated Environment" (2018). 12th International Conference on Protection of Materials from Space Environment. Presentations. Paper 160. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/mp_presentations/160 This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the Materials Physics at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Presentations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact digitalcommons@usu.edu. 12th International Conference on Protection of Materials from Space Environment (ICPMSE) Biarritz, France October 2018.   LONG-TERM STABILITY OF ION-BEAM TREATED SPACE POLYMERS  IN GEO-SIMULATED ENVIRONMENT  J. Kleiman1, Z. Iskanderova1, L. Krishtein2, JR Dennison3, Brian Wood3, C. Best4  1 -  Integrity Testing Laboratory, Inc, Markham, Ontario, Canada;  2 - Kvarc, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada 3 - Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA; 4 – ViaSat, Tempe, AZ, USA   Abstract  As part of a large, multi-year program, a number of ion beam processes were developed [1- 2] in which the treated polymer-based  materials and space structures attained controlled surface resistivity (SR) in a wide range of SR values.  These materials had, low SR temperature dependence and low RF losses, with enhanced resistance against spacecraft charging and total dose effects for applications in GEO environment. A unique set of long-term space effects experiments was performed on these materials and structures in three world-recognized GEO simulation facilities, covering proton, electron, and UV exposure in a wide range of GEO-like irradiation conditions.   A multi-purpose GEO environment simulation facility at Kompozit, Russia, was used to expose a number of ion-beam treated samples with impaired SR properties to separate electron (10-50 keV) and proton (10-50 keV) environments and to synergistic exposures of electrons, protons and UV, with total irradiation fluencies that were equivalent to up to 15 years of GEO space exposure. All treated materials and parts successfully passed the testing program, showing that the SR properties remained in the functional charge dissipative range [1]. The ion beam treated/deposited charge dissipative polymer surfaces also successfully survived and maintained the functional surface properties for tests simulating the MEO environment for a long-duration MEO mission.  In another project the smooth and the rough polymer-based surfaces of flexible cable conductors, used for solar arrays in GEO, were made fully charge dissipative by a specially developed method of ion-beam surface treatment with simultaneous surface renewal [2]. The results of space qualification program and extended long-term exposure to simulated GEO orbit charging at the SIRENE testing facility confirmed that all tested surfaces, including rough surfaces with foreign embedded particles, acquired the required SR at room temperature and stayed charge dissipative over a wide ±150 °C temperature range. The modified surfaces successfully survived testing for 15 year’s space-equivalent GEO orbit at SIRENE, with all surfaces keeping the charge dissipative properties. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) testing demonstrated the long-lasting charge-dissipation properties of the treated surfaces, fully preventing them from building up critical charges in a GEO orbit environment, when a reliable grounding path is ensured for the surfaces.  To evaluate the ability of polymer materials to provide a pathway for charge dissipation, in case of internal charging effects in radiation-induced conductivity situations, a number of ion beam treated Kapton HN and PEEK samples of various thicknesses with charge dissipative surface properties were irradiated with a 25 MeV linear accelerator electron beam at the Idaho Accelerator Center (IAC) at Idaho State University [3]. A scatter foil was used to produce an incident energy distribution centered at 7.8MeV with an approximate dose rate of 45 MRad (Si)  per hour.  The samples were exposed at ambient temperature in a dry nitrogen environment to three sequential doses of ~15 MRad (Si), then  30-170 MRad (Si), and finally 65-230 MRad. In total, the samples were exposed to between 0.1 Grad and 0.4 Grad. The SR of the samples, being one of the most important parameters in hostile GEO environment, was monitored before and after each irradiation interval. A remarkable survivability of the SR of the specimens with the IBD coatings was recorded. They showed a very modest increase in SR with the total ionizing dose increasing only a factor of 1 to 3 times for these large doses. These results are consistent with the notion that the coatings behave similarly to graphitic carbon, which is very radiation tolerant, rather than to typical polymeric materials.  All tests conducted at all of the described facilities demonstrated that the ion-beam processes that were used for development of the various surface treatments of polymer-based materials for GEO applications, provide reliable, long lasting, charge-dissipative effects that remain practically unchanged in the most severe GEO environment conditions simulating up to 15 years of operation in GEO.  1. Z. Iskanderova, J. I. Kleiman, F. Bussieres, Method of Making Charge Dissipative Surfaces of Polymeric Materials with Low Temperature Dependence of Surface Resistivity and Low RF Loss, US Patent US 9,174,396 B2, Nov. 3, 2015. 2. Z. Iskanderova, Jacob Kleiman, et al., "Surface Modification of Space-Related Flat Cable Conductors by a Novel Technological Process", J.of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 53, No. 6 (2016), pp. 1068-1076. 3. J. C. Gillespie, “Measurements of the Temperature Dependence of Radiation Induced Conductivity in Polymeric Dielectrics,” MS Thesis, Utah State University, 2013; http://iac.isu.edu/pdf/25MeVLINAC_IACandAirport.pdf . 

Long-Term Stability of Ion-Beam Treated Space Polymers in Geo-Simulated Environment

It is a real challenge to reproduce various space environment conditions in ground-based facilities for testing of external space system materials and elements. This is due to the variety and complexity of the space environment conditions and their effects on materials and structures. The reliability of test results depends on accurate simulation of the critical factors and effects of the space environment for a particular mission. The main objectives of the simulation testing are to get the test results that are adequate to the material durability and functional behavior in a space environment.
As part of a large, multi-year program, a number of ion beam surface treatments and proprietary coatings formed on advanced space polymers by ion beam deposition were developed at ITL Inc, Canada. This technology allowed to impair controlled surface resistivity in a wide range of charge dissipation values, with negligibly low RF losses and other important functional properties, allowing using these materials and products in modern space antennae, solar arrays and other applications in GEO environment.
This paper will summarize a unique set of irradiation experiments of space polymers that were ion beam treated and coated with special coatings by ion beam deposition (IBD) for charge dissipation. The irradiation experiments were conducted in three world- recognized GEO simulation facilities, covering a wide range of irradiation conditions. New results will be presented on the radiation stability of those space polymers surfaces after the electron accelerator testing in the MeV energy range

Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Presentations Materials Physics 10-2018 Long-Term Stability of Ion-Beam Treated Space Polymers In Geo-Simulated Environment J Kleiman Integrity Testing Laborator, Inc Z Iskanderova Integrity Testing Laboratory, Inc C Best ViaSat JR Dennison Utah State Univesity Brian Wood Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/mp_presentations  Part of the Condensed Matter Physics Commons Recommended Citation Kleiman, J; Iskanderova, Z; Best, C; Dennison, JR; and Wood, Brian, "Long-Term Stability of Ion-Beam Treated Space Polymers In Geo-Simulated Environment" (2018). 12th International Conference on Protection of Materials from Space Environment. Presentations. Paper 185. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/mp_presentations/185 This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the Materials Physics at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Presentations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact digitalcommons@usu.edu. 12th International Conference on Protection of Materials from Space Environment (ICPMSE) Biarritz, France October 2018.   LONG-TERM STABILITY OF ION-BEAM TREATED SPACE POLYMERS  IN GEO-SIMULATED ENVIRONMENT  J. Kleiman1, Z. Iskanderova1, L. Krishtein2, JR Dennison3, Brian Wood3, C. Best4  1 -  Integrity Testing Laboratory, Inc, Markham, Ontario, Canada;  2 - Kvarc, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada 3 - Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA; 4 – ViaSat, Tempe, AZ, USA   Abstract  As part of a large, multi-year program, a number of ion beam processes were developed [1- 2] in which the treated polymer-based  materials and space structures attained controlled surface resistivity (SR) in a wide range of SR values.  These materials had, low SR temperature dependence and low RF losses, with enhanced resistance against spacecraft charging and total dose effects for applications in GEO environment. A unique set of long-term space effects experiments was performed on these materials and structures in three world-recognized GEO simulation facilities, covering proton, electron, and UV exposure in a wide range of GEO-like irradiation conditions.   A multi-purpose GEO environment simulation facility at Kompozit, Russia, was used to expose a number of ion-beam treated samples with impaired SR properties to separate electron (10-50 keV) and proton (10-50 keV) environments and to synergistic exposures of electrons, protons and UV, with total irradiation fluencies that were equivalent to up to 15 years of GEO space exposure. All treated materials and parts successfully passed the testing program, showing that the SR properties remained in the functional charge dissipative range [1]. The ion beam treated/deposited charge dissipative polymer surfaces also successfully survived and maintained the functional surface properties for tests simulating the MEO environment for a long-duration MEO mission.  In another project the smooth and the rough polymer-based surfaces of flexible cable conductors, used for solar arrays in GEO, were made fully charge dissipative by a specially developed method of ion-beam surface treatment with simultaneous surface renewal [2]. The results of space qualification program and extended long-term exposure to simulated GEO orbit charging at the SIRENE testing facility confirmed that all tested surfaces, including rough surfaces with foreign embedded particles, acquired the required SR at room temperature and stayed charge dissipative over a wide ±150 °C temperature range. The modified surfaces successfully survived testing for 15 year’s space-equivalent GEO orbit at SIRENE, with all surfaces keeping the charge dissipative properties. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) testing demonstrated the long-lasting charge-dissipation properties of the treated surfaces, fully preventing them from building up critical charges in a GEO orbit environment, when a reliable grounding path is ensured for the surfaces.  To evaluate the ability of polymer materials to provide a pathway for charge dissipation, in case of internal charging effects in radiation-induced conductivity situations, a number of ion beam treated Kapton HN and PEEK samples of various thicknesses with charge dissipative surface properties were irradiated with a 25 MeV linear accelerator electron beam at the Idaho Accelerator Center (IAC) at Idaho State University [3]. A scatter foil was used to produce an incident energy distribution centered at 7.8MeV with an approximate dose rate of 45 MRad (Si)  per hour.  The samples were exposed at ambient temperature in a dry nitrogen environment to three sequential doses of ~15 MRad (Si), then  30-170 MRad (Si), and finally 65-230 MRad. In total, the samples were exposed to between 0.1 Grad and 0.4 Grad. The SR of the samples, being one of the most important parameters in hostile GEO environment, was monitored before and after each irradiation interval. A remarkable survivability of the SR of the specimens with the IBD coatings was recorded. They showed a very modest increase in SR with the total ionizing dose increasing only a factor of 1 to 3 times for these large doses. These results are consistent with the notion that the coatings behave similarly to graphitic carbon, which is very radiation tolerant, rather than to typical polymeric materials.  All tests conducted at all of the described facilities demonstrated that the ion-beam processes that were used for development of the various surface treatments of polymer-based materials for GEO applications, provide reliable, long lasting, charge-dissipative effects that remain practically unchanged in the most severe GEO environment conditions simulating up to 15 years of operation in GEO.  1. Z. Iskanderova, J. I. Kleiman, F. Bussieres, Method of Making Charge Dissipative Surfaces of Polymeric Materials with Low Temperature Dependence of Surface Resistivity and Low RF Loss, US Patent US 9,174,396 B2, Nov. 3, 2015. 2. Z. Iskanderova, Jacob Kleiman, et al., "Surface Modification of Space-Related Flat Cable Conductors by a Novel Technological Process", J.of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 53, No. 6 (2016), pp. 1068-1076. 3. J. C. Gillespie, “Measurements of the Temperature Dependence of Radiation Induced Conductivity in Polymeric Dielectrics,” MS Thesis, Utah State University, 2013; http://iac.isu.edu/pdf/25MeVLINAC_IACandAirport.pdf . 

Long-Term Stability of Ion-Beam Treated Space Polymers In Geo-Simulated Environment

https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1164&amp;context=mp_presentations

Long-Term Stability of Ion-Beam Treated Space Polymers in Geo-Simulated Environment

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