Barnhill, J. V.

Griggs, T. C.

Guenter, M. M.

Israelsen, C. E.

Knudsen, D. D.

Miner, F. D.

English

DigitalCommons@USU

 November 2004 (pr)                AG/Crop Trials/2004-04   Silage Corn Performance, 2002; Cache, Davis, and  Utah Counties, Utah  T.C. Griggs1, J.V. Barnhill2, C.E. Israelsen2, F.D. Miner2, M.M. Guenter1, and D.D. Knudsen3 1Dept. of Plants, Soils, & Biometeorology, 2USU Extension, and 3Utah Agricultural Experiment Station   This report summarizes performance of irrigated silage corn hybrids on farms in Cache, Davis, and Utah counties in 2002. Sites were at 4236-4500 ft elevation and had long-term averages of 2880-3350 corn growing degree days (GDD, 50/86° F) per year (Tables 1-3). Hybrids from breeding programs and seed marketers were seeded with farm planters on May 6-15 at target rates of 32,000-35,000 seeds/ac. Furrow-irrigated plots were four-to-six rows wide at 30-in row spacing by 570-1240 ft long in three randomized complete blocks. Nutrient and pesticide applications and previous crops are indicated in Tables 1a-3a. Soil fertility levels were within recommended ranges.  Hybrids had relative maturity (RM) ratings of 105-118 days and included some with Roundup Ready®, Bt, and imidazolinone herbicide tolerance traits. Plots were harvested with silage choppers on September 25-October 8 to target whole-plant moisture concentrations of 65-70%. Weights were obtained with trucks and commercial scales. The chopper at Lake Shore was equipped with a kernel processor. Samples were dried at 55º C (131º F) for forage quality determinations and at 105º C (221º F) for dry matter (DM) determination. Plot weights were expressed as tons/ac of oven-dry and 70%-moisture silage. Forage crude protein (CP) and starch concentrations were determined via near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro true DM digestibility (IVTDMD), and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) levels were determined via wet chemistry procedures including fermentation in rumen fluid. The University of Wisconsin MILK2000 spreadsheet (www.wisc.edu/dysci/uwex/nutritn/nutritn.htm) was used to calculate energy and potential milk production levels from forage quality constituents for two replicates of each hybrid.  Hybrids ranked in decreasing order of forage production and quality (Tables 1-3) may be compared in terms of the least significant difference (LSD). This is the minimum difference required between entries in a column for significance at a given level of confidence. Values of LSD are shown for 5 and 30% probabilities that observed differences among entries are merely due to chance, rather than to variety effects. For example, in Table 2a, DM yields of the top two hybrids are different at the 5% probability level, because they vary by more than the LSD of 0.39 ton/ac. Yields of the second- and third-ranked hybrids are not different at the 5% level because they vary by less than the LSD. At 30% probability that yield variations are due to chance, smaller differences become significant. The coefficient of variation (CV) describes variability among replications of the same hybrid; values below 10% suggest good precision for detecting entry differences.  Forage production at 70% moisture differed by 5.0-8.8 tons/ac among hybrids, depending on location. Differences were not strongly associated with varying population densities and RM ratings. In many cases, harvest moisture concentrations exceeded 70%, which can lead to energy loss via seepage of soluble dry matter and impaired silage fermentation. Moisture concentrations were otherwise appropriate for excellent silage fermentation. Excessive moisture at harvest can be avoided by selecting hybrids that perform well at shorter RM ratings and permit adequate grain filling and field drying prior to harvest.  Although forage quality often did not differ among hybrids except at Hooper, quality rankings were typically different than those for forage production. At Hooper, hybrids that were highest-ranked for TDN had some combination of low NDF, high NDF digestibility, and high starch, which all contribute to energy density. Differences in rankings for DM production and nutritional value point to the need to clearly define end-use requirements that hybrids should fulfill.                         aNDFD=neutral detergent fiber digestibility in rumen fluid, expressed as a percentage of fiber. bTDN=Total Digestible Nutrients at 1x maintenance level of intake; NEL=net energy for lactation at 3x maintenance intake (DM basis). Both are calculated from summation of digestibilities of individual constituents. cNo significant differences among hybrids.   Table 1a. 2002 silage corn production at Benson (Cache Co.), UT (John & Bart Allen). Planted May 15, harvested Sept. 30. Elevation 4430 ft, 2880 corn GDD, Kidman fine sandy loam. Applications: 100 lb N/ac and light manure; atrazine herbicide; and Lorsban™ granular insecticide at planting. Previous crop: alfalfa.   Relative Population Silage Silage yield Brand Hybrid maturity density moisture DM (105 C) 70% moist.   days plants/ac % fresh wt. ton/ac DEKALB DKC59-08 109 42575 70.0 9.98 33.27 Pioneer 33J56 113 41413 73.0 9.94 33.13 Grand Valley TX1389 115 32643 74.3 9.75 32.50 Asgrow RX740RR 111 36941 73.3 9.53 31.78 Croplan Genetics DS107RR 107 38684 75.0 9.44 31.46 Mycogen TMF108 108 36767 68.7 9.28 30.93 HYTEST HT7722 113 41820 79.0 9.17 30.57 Mycogen 5481FQ 105 36535 71.7 9.08 30.24 HYTEST HT7747RR 112 34967 73.7 8.22 27.39 Mean  110 38038 73.2 9.38 31.25 Significance of F test (P)  <0.01 <0.01 0.07 0.07 LSD (0.05)   3139 2.1 1.06 3.55 LSD (0.30)   1586 1.1 0.54 1.79 CV (%)   4.8 1.7 6.6 6.6 Table 1b. 2002 silage corn forage quality at Benson, UT, ranked by TDN.  MILK2000 outputsb     NDFDa  TDN, 1x NEL, 3x Milk per Brand Hybrid CP NDF 48 hr Starch mtnce. mtnce. Ton DM ac   % DM % NDF % DM Mcal/lb lb DEKALB DKC59-08 8.4 46.4 60.5 27.4 69.1 0.72 3394 33766 Asgrow RX740RR 7.5 52.0 60.5 32.1 68.9 0.71 3378 31194 Mycogen 5481FQ 8.3 48.1 59.4 27.4 68.7 0.71 3358 30434 Croplan Genetics DS107RR 7.9 54.1 62.3 31.4 68.5 0.70 3364 32896 HYTEST HT7747RR 6.9 51.1 59.2 29.2 68.5 0.71 3344 28173 Mycogen TMF108 8.0 52.3 60.6 28.0 68.3 0.70 3340 32582 Grand Valley TX1389 8.6 54.2 60.3 24.2 66.7 0.68 3223 32585 Pioneer 33J56* 7.4 52.5 58.0 25.9 66.1 0.68 3161 28902 HYTEST HT7722 7.8 56.1 53.1 28.7 61.7 0.63 2796 25434 Mean  7.9 51.9 59.4 28.2 67.4 0.70 3263 30706 Significance of F test (P) 0.08 <0.01 0.60c 0.77 0.19 0.14 0.24 0.31 LSD (0.05)  1.0 2.9 NSc NS NS NS NS NS LSD (0.30)  0.5 1.4 NS NS NS NS NS NS CV (%)  5.5 2.3 6.7 16.0 3.5 4.5 6.2 10.2 Table 2a. 2002 silage corn production near Hooper (Davis Co.), UT (Kurt Fowers). Planted May 9, harvested Sept. 25. Elevation 4236 ft, 3300 corn GDD, Warm Springs fine sandy loam. Applications: 177 lb N/ac; Frontier® herbicide; and Isotox® Seed Treater F. Previous crop: corn.   Relative Population Silage Silage yield Brand Hybrid maturity density moisture DM (105 C) 70% moist.   days plants/ac % fresh wt. ton/ac DEKALB DK679 117 n/a 65.3 10.42 34.75 HYTEST HT7820 117 n/a 64.9 9.23 30.77 Mycogen 8681FQ 118 n/a 67.0 9.14 30.47 HYTEST HT7815RR 117 n/a 66.4 8.72 29.05 Asgrow RX740RR 111 n/a 66.0 8.55 28.50 Mycogen 6481FQ 110 n/a 65.0 8.38 27.93 DEKALB DKC64-10 (RR) 114 n/a 64.7 8.19 27.30 Croplan Genetics DS107RR 107 n/a 66.4 7.90 26.33 DEKALB DKC65-00 (RR) 115 n/a 64.8 7.78 25.92 Mean  114 - 65.7 8.66 28.85 Significance of F test (P)   0.52a <0.01 <0.01 LSD (0.05)    NSa 0.39 1.29 LSD (0.30)    NS 0.20 0.65 CV (%)    2.3 2.5 2.5 aNo significant differences among hybrids.        Table 2b. 2002 silage corn forage quality near Hooper, UT, ranked by TDN.  MILK2000 outputsb     NDFDa  TDN, 1x NEL, 3x Milk per Brand Hybrid CP NDF 48 hr Starch mtnce. mtnce. Ton DM ac   % DM % NDF % DM Mcal/lb lb DEKALB DKC64-10 (RR) 8.1 48.6 63.1 25.8 68.8 0.71 3398 28244 Mycogen 6481FQ 7.8 46.5 62.2 22.3 67.8 0.70 3314 27710 DEKALB DKC65-00 (RR) 8.1 47.3 59.6 27.6 67.8 0.70 3293 25778 Mycogen 8681FQ 8.5 51.0 60.6 27.9 67.3 0.70 3265 29848 Croplan Genetics DS107RR 8.0 50.8 59.9 20.7 66.9 0.69 3231 25570 HYTEST HT7820 8.1 50.8 60.2 25.1 66.7 0.68 3223 29758 DEKALB DK679 8.1 48.1 56.2 25.4 66.7 0.68 3184 34022 Asgrow RX740RR 7.4 47.3 56.5 23.9 66.0 0.68 3136 27199 HYTEST HT7815RR 7.3 54.4 54.6 20.4 61.5 0.63 2798 23980 Mean  7.9 49.4 59.2 24.3 66.6 0.69 3205 28012 Significance of F test (P) 0.85c <0.01 0.03 0.86 0.02 0.02 0.02 <0.01 LSD (0.05)  NSc 3.0 4.6 NS 3.0 0.04 244 2243 LSD (0.30)  NS 1.4 2.2 NS 1.5 0.02 117 1078 CV (%)  10.1 2.6 3.4 23.8 2.0 2.5 3.3 3.5 aNDFD=neutral detergent fiber digestibility in rumen fluid, expressed as a percentage of fiber. bTDN=Total Digestible Nutrients at 1x maintenance level of intake; NEL=net energy for lactation at 3x maintenance intake (DM basis). Both are calculated from summation of digestibilities of individual constituents. cNo significant differences among hybrids.   Table 3a. 2002 silage corn production at Lake Shore (Utah Co.), UT (Jay & Zane Evans & Lynn Hales). Planted May 6, harvested Oct. 7-8. Elevation 4500 ft, 3350 corn GDD, Benjamin silty clay. Applications: 154 lb N, 78 lb P2O5, and 45 lb S/ac and chicken manure; and Clarity® and 2,4-D herbicides. Previous crop: wheat.   Relative Population Silage Silage yield Brand Hybrid maturity density moisture DM (105 C) 70% moist.   days plants/ac % fresh wt. ton/ac Mycogen 2888IMI 118 37333 73.7 6.96 23.20 HYTEST HT7815 117 36417 76.0 6.58 21.93 Asgrow RX897RR 118 38667 76.5 6.01 20.03 Mycogen 8681FQ 118 37667 76.4 5.91 19.70 DEKALB DK687RR 118 34583 75.6 5.90 19.65 HYTEST HT7806BT 115 32167 74.0 5.76 19.20 DEKALB DKC64-10 (RR) 114 31917 72.2 5.56 18.53 Croplan Genetics DS107RR 107 36250 74.0 5.47 18.21 Mean  116 35625 74.8 6.02 20.06 Significance of F test (P)  0.10 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 LSD (0.05)   5129 1.2 0.48 1.61 LSD (0.30)   2573 0.6 0.24 0.81 CV (%)   8.2 0.9 4.6 4.6      Table 3b. 2002 silage corn forage quality at Lake Shore, UT, ranked by TDN.  MILK2000 outputsb     NDFDa  TDN, 1x NEL, 3x Milk per Brand Hybrid CP NDF 48 hr Starch mtnce. mtnce. Ton DM ac   % DM % NDF % DM Mcal/lb lb DEKALB DKC64-10 (RR) 7.6 46.4 70.3 29.1 74.4 0.77 3851 21698 HYTEST HT7806BT 7.4 45.6 67.4 29.4 74.2 0.77 3816 23524 Mycogen 8681FQ 7.2 50.6 69.5 31.9 73.0 0.76 3751 22640 Croplan Genetics DS107RR 7.2 51.4 69.2 32.9 72.9 0.76 3737 21706 Mycogen 2888IMI 8.0 47.7 67.3 25.0 71.7 0.74 3638 25266 DEKALB DK687RR 8.1 51.1 65.8 24.7 71.0 0.74 3578 21873 HYTEST HT7815 8.1 51.6 66.3 26.8 70.8 0.73 3565 24078 Asgrow RX897RR 7.4 53.5 65.8 26.3 70.3 0.72 3525 21992 Mean  7.6 49.7 67.7 28.3 72.3 0.75 3683 22847 Significance of F test (P) 0.28c <0.01 0.02 0.28 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.16 LSD (0.05)  NSc 2.8 2.6 NS NS NS 247 NS LSD (0.30)  NS 1.3 1.2 NS NS NS 117 NS CV (%)  5.7 2.4 1.6 12.3 1.9 2.3 2.8 5.6 aNDFD=neutral detergent fiber digestibility in rumen fluid, expressed as a percentage of fiber. bTDN=Total Digestible Nutrients at 1x maintenance level of intake; NEL=net energy for lactation at 3x maintenance intake (DM basis). Both are calculated from summation of digestibilities of individual constituents. cNo significant differences among hybrids.    Utah State University is committed to providing an environment free from harassment and other forms of illegal discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age (40 and older), disability, and veteran’s status. USU’s policy also prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in employment and academic related practices and decisions.  Utah State University employees and students cannot, because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, or veteran’s status, refuse to hire; discharge; promote; demote; terminate; discriminate in compensation; or discriminate regarding terms, privileges, or conditions of employment, against any person otherwise qualified. Employees and students also cannot discriminate in the classroom, residence halls, or in on/off campus, USU-sponsored events and activities.  This publication is issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work. Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Noelle Cockett, Vice President for Extension and Agriculture, Utah State University. 

Silage Corn Performance, 2002; Cache, Davis, and Utah Counties, Utah

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Silage Corn Performance, 2002; Cache, Davis, and Utah Counties, Utah

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