Barnhill, J. V.

Fillmore, D. R.

Griggs, T. C.

Israelsen, C. E.

Knudsen, D. D.

Pack, K.

English

DigitalCommons@USU

 November 2004 (pr)                          AG/Crop Trials/2004-06   Silage Corn Performance, 2003; Cache and  Davis Counties, Utah  T.C. Griggs1, J.V. Barnhill2, C.E. Israelsen2, K. Pack1, D.R. Fillmore1, and D.D. Knudsen3 1Dept. of Plants, Soils, & Biometeorology, 2USU Extension, and 3Utah Agricultural Experiment Station   This report summarizes performance of irrigated silage corn hybrids on farms in Cache and Davis counties in 2003. Sites were at 4236-4430 ft elevation and had long-term averages of 2880-3300 corn growing degree days (GDD, 50/86° F) per year (Tables 1-2). Hybrids from breeding programs and seed marketers were seeded with farm planters on May 7-19 at a target rate of 32,000 seeds/ac. Furrow-irrigated plots were six rows wide at 30-in row spacing by 970-1245 ft long in two (Davis) or three (Cache) randomized complete blocks. Nutrient and pesticide applications and previous crops are indicated in Tables 1-2. Soil fertility levels were within recommended ranges.  Hybrids had relative maturity (RM) ratings of 103-120 days and included some with Roundup Ready®, Bt, and leafy (Hyland and Wolf River Valley) traits. Plots were harvested with silage choppers on September 5-23 to target whole-plant moisture concentrations of 65-70%. Weights were obtained with trucks and commercial scales. Samples were dried at 55º C  (131º F) for forage quality determinations and at 105º C (221º F) for dry matter (DM) determination. Plot weights were expressed as tons/ac of oven-dry and 70%-moisture silage. Forage crude protein (CP) and starch concentrations were determined via near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro true DM digestibility (IVTDMD), and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) levels were determined via wet chemistry procedures including fermentation in rumen fluid. The University of Wisconsin MILK2000 spreadsheet (www.wisc.edu/dysci/uwex/nutritn/nutritn.htm) was used to calculate energy and potential milk production levels from forage quality constituents for two replicates of each hybrid.  Hybrids ranked in decreasing order of forage production and quality (Tables 1-2) may be compared in terms of the least significant difference (LSD). This is the minimum difference required between entries in a column for significance at a given level of confidence. Values of LSD are shown for 5 and 30% probabilities that observed differences among entries are merely due to chance, rather than to variety effects. For example, in Table 1a, DM yields of the top seven hybrids are not different at the 5% probability level, because they vary by less than the LSD of 0.72 ton/ac. Yields of the first- and eighth-ranked hybrids are different at the 5% level because they vary by more than the LSD. At 30% probability that yield variations are due to chance, smaller differences become significant. The coefficient of variation (CV) describes variability among replications of the same hybrid; values below 10% suggest good precision for detecting entry differences.  Forage production at 70% moisture differed by 4.2-5.5 tons/ac among hybrids, depending on location. Differences were not strongly associated with varying population densities and RM ratings. In a few cases, harvest moisture concentrations exceeded 70%, which can lead to energy loss via seepage of soluble dry matter and impaired silage fermentation. Moisture concentrations were otherwise appropriate for excellent silage fermentation. Excessive moisture at harvest can be avoided by selecting hybrids that perform well at shorter RM ratings and permit adequate grain filling and field drying prior to harvest.  Although forage quality often did not differ among hybrids at Benson, quality rankings were different than those for forage production. At Hooper, hybrids that were highest-ranked for TDN had some combination of low NDF, high NDF digestibility, and high starch, which all contribute to energy density. Differences in rankings for DM production and nutritional value point to the need to clearly define end-use requirements that hybrids should fulfill.                          aNo significant differences among hybrids.     Table 1b. 2003 silage corn forage quality at Benson, UT, ranked by TDN.  MILK2000 outputsb     NDFDa  TDN, 1x NEL, 3x Milk per Brand Hybrid CP NDF 48 hr Starch mtnce. mtnce. Ton DM ac   % DM % NDF % DM Mcal/lb lb DEKALB C57-84 8.7 42.8 58.8 35.0 70.8 0.74 3502 25285 Croplan Genetics 721 8.5 50.6 65.2 28.0 70.6 0.73 3540 26310 DEKALB C60-09 8.6 44.1 59.0 34.2 70.6 0.73 3486 26778 DEKALB C60-17 8.0 42.8 58.8 37.0 70.2 0.73 3456 25166 HYTEST TNT-106RR 8.6 49.0 63.5 27.8 70.2 0.73 3504 26293 Asgrow RX741RR 10.0 47.7 61.0 31.8 70.0 0.73 3462 25004 Hyland HL S058 8.9 51.5 64.2 25.8 69.8 0.72 3471 22888 Croplan Genetics DS107RR 7.9 53.2 64.4 25.3 69.6 0.72 3459 24752 Grand Valley GVX8959RR 8.1 47.6 60.4 35.2 69.6 0.72 3428 23314 Wolf River Valley 2103L 8.3 49.2 62.0 31.6 69.6 0.72 3438 25402 Hyland HL S067 8.4 49.9 60.6 29.4 68.6 0.71 3356 26282 Grand Valley SX 1445 8.3 49.0 58.4 28.0 68.0 0.70 3298 26287 HYTEST HT7615RR 8.1 48.4 55.6 30.8 67.7 0.70 3248 26173 Grand Valley SX 8709 8.8 53.2 59.2 28.4 67.2 0.70 3242 24910 Mean  8.5 48.5 60.8 30.6 69.5 0.72 3421 25346 Significance of F test (P) 0.22c 0.04 0.12 <0.01 0.39 0.50 0.39 0.60 LSD (0.05)  NSc 6.2 NS 3.5 NS NS NS NS LSD (0.30)  NS 3.1 NS 1.7 NS NS NS NS CV (%)  7.0 5.9 4.6 5.2 2.2 2.4 3.7 6.9 Table 1a. 2003 silage corn production at Benson (Cache Co.), UT (John & Bart Allen). Planted May 19, harvested Sept. 23. Elevation 4430 ft, 2880 corn GDD, Kidman fine sandy loam. Applications: 100 lb N/ac and heavy manure; Steadfast® and Distinct® herbicides; and Lorsban™ granular insecticide at planting. Previous crop: corn.   Relative Population Silage Silage yield Brand Hybrid maturity density moisture DM (105 C) 70% moist.   days plants/ac % fresh wt. ton/ac HYTEST HT7615RR 109 30513 69.9 8.21 27.36 Grand Valley SX 1445 115 30978 73.1 8.13 27.10 Grand Valley SX 8709 109 30668 70.8 7.98 26.62 DEKALB C60-09 110 32372 70.3 7.76 25.88 Croplan Genetics 721 113 28887 71.5 7.74 25.81 Hyland HL S067 108 30358 68.0 7.71 25.70 Croplan Genetics DS107RR 105 31442 72.9 7.59 25.29 HYTEST TNT-106RR 106 24550 71.7 7.46 24.88 Wolf River Valley 2103L 103 29196 65.4 7.40 24.65 DEKALB C57-84 107 29119 67.4 7.39 24.63 Asgrow RX741RR 111 30978 72.5 7.38 24.60 DEKALB C60-17 110 31752 64.9 7.23 24.08 Grand Valley GVX8959RR 104 29739 66.1 6.97 23.24 Hyland HL S058 105 27416 71.5 6.96 23.21 Mean  108 29855 69.7 7.56 25.22 Significance of F test (P)  0.16a <0.01 0.02 0.02 LSD (0.05)   NSa 1.9 0.72 2.39 LSD (0.30)   NS 1.0 0.37 1.23 CV (%)    9.3 1.6 5.7 5.6 aNDFD=neutral detergent fiber digestibility in rumen fluid, expressed as a percentage of fiber. bTDN=Total Digestible Nutrients at 1x maintenance level of intake; NEL=net energy for lactation at 3x maintenance intake (DM basis). Both are calculated from summation of digestibilities of individual constituents. cNo significant differences among hybrids.   Table 2a. 2003 silage corn production near Hooper (Davis Co.), UT (Kurt Fowers). Planted May 7, harvested Sept. 5. Elevation 4236 ft, 3300 corn GDD, Warm Springs fine sandy loam. Applications: 177 lb N/ac; Frontier® herbicide; and Isotox® Seed Treater F. Previous crop: corn.   Relative Population Silage Silage yield Brand Hybrid maturity density moisture DM (105 C) 70% moist.   days plants/ac % fresh wt. ton/ac Grand Valley SX 1602 119 33334 76.5 9.54 31.79 DEKALB C62-15 112 31500 71.7 9.16 30.51 Croplan Genetics 827RR 120 33584 78.0 9.01 30.02 DEKALB C61-42 111 33500 75.1 8.97 29.92 Grand Valley SX 1550 118 33084 74.8 8.90 29.66 DEKALB C69-72 119 32666 74.7 8.88 29.59 HYTEST HT7727CRW/RR2 112 33583 74.1 8.75 29.17 Croplan Genetics 721 113 31750 73.6 8.63 28.75 DEKALB C64-10(RR) 114 33000 74.6 8.59 28.61 Hyland HL S075 112 32334 75.4 8.57 28.54 DEKALB 641 114 -- 74.4 8.54 28.44 Asgrow RX718RR/YG 110 33250 72.2 8.50 28.33 DEKALB C66-80 116 32166 78.0 7.97 26.54 HYTEST HT7815RR 118 32916 78.7 7.89 26.29 Mean  115 32807 75.1 8.69 28.97 Significance of F test (P)  0.51a <0.01 0.17 0.17 LSD (0.05)   NSa 1.9 NS NS LSD (0.30)   NS 0.9 NS NS CV (%)   2.9 1.1 5.3 5.3 aNo significant differences among hybrids.     Table 2b. 2003 silage corn forage quality near Hooper, UT, ranked by TDN.  MILK2000 outputsb     NDFDa  TDN, 1x NEL, 3x Milk per Brand Hybrid CP NDF 48 hr Starch mtnce. mtnce. Ton DM ac   % DM % NDF % DM Mcal/lb lb DEKALB C64-10(RR) 8.2 47.3 65.0 30.6 71.4 0.74 3593 30956 Croplan Genetics 721 8.3 46.3 63.8 31.4 71.1 0.74 3565 30767 Asgrow RX718RR/YG 7.3 45.8 62.5 31.1 70.7 0.73 3527 29973 DEKALB C62-15 8.1 51.2 67.1 28.6 70.4 0.73 3541 32413 Grand Valley SX 1550 7.5 52.1 65.0 28.2 69.8 0.72 3482 30974 DEKALB C61-42 8.7 46.1 60.9 33.3 69.7 0.72 3440 31015 HYTEST HT7727CRW/RR2 7.5 46.2 61.1 31.2 69.7 0.72 3440 30089 Hyland HL S075 8.0 53.0 62.8 22.4 67.7 0.70 3312 28367 Grand Valley SX 1602 7.9 52.3 61.8 26.8 67.4 0.70 3284 31326 DEKALB C66-80 8.8 55.3 60.7 22.2 65.3 0.67 3120 24853 DEKALB C69-72 7.7 53.5 58.0 23.4 65.2 0.67 3092 27466 HYTEST HT7815RR 8.3 53.9 59.4 22.9 64.7 0.67 3068 24200 Croplan Genetics 827RR 7.1 56.3 60.4 21.4 64.6 0.67 3069 27619 Mean  7.9 50.9 62.3 26.9 68.2 0.70 3346 29151 Significance of F test (P) 0.07 0.01 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.07 LSD (0.05)  1.0 5.6 4.8 4.7 3.4 0.04 280 5021 LSD (0.30)  0.5 2.8 2.4 2.3 1.7 0.02 139 2482 CV (%)  5.5 4.9 3.4 7.8 2.2 2.5 3.7 7.7 aNDFD=neutral detergent fiber digestibility in rumen fluid, expressed as a percentage of fiber. bTDN=Total Digestible Nutrients at 1x maintenance level of intake; NEL=net energy for lactation at 3x maintenance intake (DM basis). Both are calculated from summation of digestibilities of individual constituents.           Utah State University is committed to providing an environment free from harassment and other forms of illegal discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age (40 and older), disability, and veteran’s status. USU’s policy also prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in employment and academic related practices and decisions.  Utah State University employees and students cannot, because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, or veteran’s status, refuse to hire; discharge; promote; demote; terminate; discriminate in compensation; or discriminate regarding terms, privileges, or conditions of employment, against any person otherwise qualified. Employees and students also cannot discriminate in the classroom, residence halls, or in on/off campus, USU-sponsored events and activities.  This publication is issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work. Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Noelle Cockett, Vice President for Extension and Agriculture, Utah State University.  

Silage Corn Performance, 2003; Cache and Davis Counties, Utah

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Silage Corn Performance, 2003; Cache and Davis Counties, Utah

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