Gordh, G.

Witethom, B.

Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society

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139A New Species of Goniozus from Thailand(Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)GORDON GORDHDepartment of Entomology, University of Queensland. Brisbane, Qld. 4072, AustraliaBOONGEUA WITETHOMDepartment of Biology. Prince of Songkla University, Haad Yai, Songkla, Thailand 90112ABSTRACT. Goniozus thailandensis, new species, is described as a parasite of sapodil-la fruit borer, Nephopierix sp. in Thailand. Taxonomic affinities and character!; ore discussed.INTRODUCTIONStudies on pests of sapodilla revealed a fruit-boring phycitinc moth (Witethom &Silawatchananai 1991). Specimens of the moth were provisionally identified as Mussidiapeciinicornella Hampson. Subsequently, the pest was identified as Nephopterix sp.(Pyralidae: Phycitinae. Michael Shaffer, in Hit.; Marianne Horak, in litt.). A complex ofparasitic Hymenoptera is associated with the moth. Within this complex we have discovered several new species of Goniozus. A name is made available for 1 species to facilitatepublication of details regarding its biology. The other species will be described when better preserved material is available.Goniozus thailandensis Gordh & Witethom. n. sp. (Figs 1-16)Female: 3.75 mm long (holotype). Body predominantly black; clypeus reddishbrown, apical margin darker; metasternum reddish brown with posterior margin black.Antenna dusky yellow, apical segment very faintly infuscate in some plays of light.Mandible black, ventral tooth dark reddish brown. Coxae and femora concolorous, darkreddish brown; tibiae and tarsomeres yellowish tan, concolorous with antenna; tarsalclaws (unguis) black. Forewing weakly embrowned; hindwing hyaline; forewing costaland subcostal veins reddish brown, remaining veins pale colored; pterostigma blackish.Body in lateral aspect (Fig. 1) somewhat compressed; head prognathous. Head indorsal (frontal) aspect (Fig. 2) about 1.10 x longer than wide; polished, with very weakreticulate microsculpturc on clypeus and area immediately dorsad; medial margins ofcompound eyes not straight or parallel; surface of head with sparse vestiture of shallow,setigerous punctations; setae on vertexal margin weakly recurved and not conspicuouslylarger than other setae on head; vertexal margin very broadly rounded, without indicationof a carina; surface anterior of median ocellus developed into a narrow, elongate, veryshallow sulcus evident in certain plays of light; lateral ocellus less than ocellar diameterfrom vertexal margin. Clypeal margin broadly rounded, nearly truncate (Fig. 3); fronto-clypeal median longitudinal carina weakly developed and restricted to clypeus (Fig. 3).Scrobal impression shallow, short with dorsal margin broadly rounded and not welldefined.Head in lateral aspect (Fig. 4) about 1.7 x longer than wide, polished, with a fewsetae around compound eye. Compound eye nearly asetose with minute, very sparse vesture of setae; setae evident only at high magnification. Mandibles symmetrical, each four-toothed with uppermost tooth broadly rounded, adjacent tooth narrowly rounded, penultimate tooth conical and lowermost tooth pointed (Fig. 5); dorsomedial margin of mandiblewith a row of short, thickened setae; ventral margin of mandible with conspicuous vestiture of pale setae. Antenna as illustrated (Fig. 6); flagellar segments with multiporous140 Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society Vol. 32Figs. 1-8. Goniozus ihailandensis females. 1. Lateral aspect. 2. Head, dorsal aspect. 3. Clypeus. 4.Head, lateral aspect. 5. Right mandible, dorsal aspect. 6. Left antenna, medial aspect. 7. Left antcn-nu F7-9, medial aspect. 8. Left antenna F10-I I, medial aspect.Gordh & Witethom: New Thailand Gonioxus 141Figs. 9-16. Gottiozus thaitandensis. 9. 9 mesosoma, dorsal aspect. 10. 9 mesosoma, lateral aspect.11. 9 fore pretarsus, lateral aspect. 12. 9 fore pretarsus. ventral aspect. 13. 9 propodeum, dorsalaspect. 14. O* apical sternum, ventral aspect. 15. 9 left forewing. 16. cf genitalia.142 Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society Vol. 32plate scnsilla (MPS) weakly developed on all flagellar segments (Figs. 6-8); MPS notconspicuous with LM and fiber optic illumination, not strongly elevated or well definedwith SEM; chaetotaxy as illustrated (figs. 6-8). Maxillary palpus with S segments; labialpalpus with 3 segments.Mcsosoma in dorsal aspect (Fig. 9) with pronotum moderately setose, weakly,minutely and uniformly reticulate. Mesoscutum sparsely setose, smooth, polished exceptweak, minute reticulate sculpture lateral of parapsidal sutures. Parapsidal sutures veryweakly developed (obliterated) and evident only in certain plays of light. Scutellum withsparse vestiture of setae; polished; scutellar pits weakly developed, narrow, oblique andconnected by very narrow, fine, transverse groove along transscutal suture; well-developed compound pit along extreme lateral margin. Metanotum forming a thin, transverse,polished, asetose band; transverse pit in lateral area moderately developed. Mesopleuron(Fig. 10) with moderate vestiture of long, pale setae along ventral surface; anterior,oblique (longitudinal) sulcus narrow but well defined; pleural fovea somewhat small.Melasicrnum with moderate vestiture of long, pale setae. Forewing (Fig. 15) very weakly curved or bent at level of pterostigma thus conforming to shape of gastral notum; basalvein short, not forming an arcolct. Ventral surface of coxae and sternal elements of thoraxwith rather dense vestiture of pale setae. Prctarsus shagreened (Fig. II); claws "bifid,"each with a subapical, broadly truncate tine; arolium large with ventrobasal setae (Figs.11.12).Propodeum in dorsal aspect (Fig. 13) with a few minute setae along lateral margin;spiracle inconspicuous, obliquely slit-like, and positioned along anterolateral margin; dorsal surface lacking elevated antcromedial triangle but medial surface polished and broadly arched, remainder of dorsal surface weakly and finely reticulate; Lateral and dorsalfaces delimited by fine or weakly developed transverse carina, sometimes evanescentmedially; lateral face entirely reticulate. Posterior face with a few minute setae along anterior margin, surface finely, weakly reticulate.Metasoma polished; respiratory spiracles on terga I—VII. typically concealed onanterolateral part ofsclente, tcrgum I spiracle exposed, largest. Tergum II with transverseline of short, pale setae about halfway between anterior and posterior margins, setae noton dorsomedial portion of tergum; terga III with similar vestiture of setae, but setaelonger; tcrgum IV-VI with vestiture of moderately long setae along posterior half of eachtergum. Sternum I with moderate vestiture of rather long setae; sterna II—IV each with afew transverse rows of setae along apical margin; apical sternum setose except bare longitudinal medial stripe. Monostylous apex conspicuously setose.Male: 2.9 mm long (allotype). Smaller but similar to female in habitus; clypcus nearly black; mandible pale brown with teeth dark reddish brown; forecoxa concolorous withproepisternum, remaining leg segments pale yellowish brown; forewing weaklyembrowned; hindwing hyaline. Head in dorsal aspect slightly wider than long; ocelli disproportionately larger than female ocelli; lateral ocellus adjacent to vertexal margin. Headin lateral aspect with compound eye disproportionately larger than female eye. Antennasimilar in form to female antenna, with MPS evanescent. Subgenital shield conspicuously setose with medial notch along posterior margin (Fig. 14). Genitalia (Fig. 16) as illustrated.The specific epithet, tliailandensis, honors the country ofThailand where this specieswas discovered.Variation: The female body length ranges from 2.9S - 5.0 mm. Several specimens inthe type-series display reddish brown body coloration; body parts typically reddish brownmay be yellow; the clypeus may be reddish-yellow while the remainder of the head isdarker. These color differences are probably due to fixation in alcohol while the speci-Qordh & Witethom: New Thailand Oonlozus 143mcns were teneral. Thus, some females display a head or body which is pale brown. Themale body length ranges from 2.85-2.93 mm. The range is notably less in males thanfemales. Several males in the type-series are pale brown and a few display mandiblesnearly yellow. This may be an artifact of fixation of teneral specimens.HOLOTYPE: Intact, card-mounted female with collection information reading:•THAILAND. Songkla, Yo Island; 27-IX-1989, Boonguea Witethom; Reared fromSapodilla fruit borer larva, Nephopteryx sp. (Lep., Pyralidae); Goniozus lhailandensisGordh & Witethom. HOLOTYPE."ALLOTYPE: Intact, card-mounted male with collection information reading:'THAILAND, Songkla, Yo Island; 27-IX-1990. Boonguea Witethom; Reared fromSapodilla fruit borer larva, Nephopteryx sp. (Lep., Pyralidae); Goniozus thailandensisGordh & Witethom. ALLOTYPE."PARATYPES: 35 card-mounted females and 7 card-mounted males with the samelabel information as the holotype; 31 females and 1 male taken 27-IX-1989, with the samelabel information as the primary type. The wings and antennae of 6 females and 2 maleshave been dissected and mounted in Canada Balsam. Six females and 1 male been dissected and mounted on SEM stubs. Several specimens taken with the type-series have notbeen designated as members of the type-series because they arc in poor condition.Holotype (TI3450) and allotype (T13451) deposited in Queensland Museum,Brisbane. Twenty-three female and 2 male paratypes deposited in University ofQueensland Entomological Collection, Brisbane. Two female paratypes each, in the following institutions: American Museum of Natural History, New York; Australian NationalInsect Collection, Canberra; California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; CanadianNational Collection, Ottawa; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University,Cambridge; South African National Insect Collection, Pretoria. Remaining specimens inthe collections of the authors.DISCUSSIONThe bethylid fauna of southeast Asia is poorly known. Goniozus is cosmopolitanwith about 145 nominal species, but no species has been described from Thailand orBurma. We know few reports in the primary zoological literature of Goniozus from thesecountries. Pruthi & Mani (1942) report that Goniozus montanus Kieffer was moved fromsouth India to Burma and became established on defoliators. No species of Bethylinae hasbeen reported from Thailand.The Goniozus fauna of India includes 29 described species and 2 species are knownfrom China (Gordh & Moczar 1990). Kurian (1952.1954,1955) described several speciesof Goniozus from India and prepared a key to species which was subsequently revised byRam & Subba Rao (1968). Our new species runs to G. philippinensis Ashmead or G.borneanus Cameron in the key to Oriental Goniozus (Ram & Subba Rao 1968).Unfortunately, the coloration characters of legs and antennae used in the key are variable.Also, Ram & Subba Rao had not examined the types of these species and thus affinitiesare doubtful.Ram (1969) described G. delhiensis based on material from Delhi, India. Samad(1973) described G. rugosus based on material from Karachi, Pakistan. The mandibles ofboth species arc described as tridentate, with the mandibles of rugosus apically asymmetrical. We have not seen material of either species. The tridentate character is very unusual for the genus.Goniozus pakmanus was described from material taken in Raiwind (Qasur), Pakistan(Gordh 1984), G. sensorius from material taken at Madras, India (Gordh 1988a); and G.keralensis from material taken at Kerala, India (Gordh 1988b). Features are provided in144 Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society Vol. 32Table 1 which separate G. tltailandensis from these species. The clypcus and occipitalcarinae are reliable characters for separating many species of Goniozus. Propodeal sculpture and carinae are also important throughout the genus. The development of a medianlongitudinal carina and transverse carina separating the dorsal and posterior faces of thepropodeum are useful at the species level. In addition, G. iliailandensis and G. sensoriusantennae display similar evanescent multiporous plate sensilla but the relatively smallscutellar pits and weak transverse scutellar sulcus of iliailandensis further separate the 2species.Table 1. Diagnostic characters for species of Gtmiozus (99)-SpeciesdellriensiskeralensispakmunusrugosussensoriuslhailandensisMandible(color, teeth)reddish brown. 3dusky, 4amber, 4dark brawn. 3yellow, 4black.4Clypealcarinaacuicacuieacute7acuteweakVertexmargin9nearly acutenot acute•>acutebroadly roundedPropodeal triangle /carinae (median, posterior)well developed/ ?well developed/ present;weakweak/absent, weakbut complete7well developed/complete.completeabsent/absent, incompleteComparing tltailandensis with other Oriental species is tenuous and misleadingbecause type-specimens are not available for study, keys are flawed and many originaldescriptions lack adequate detail. Five oriental Goniozus species are known only from themale, and these males may be conspccific with named females.The pupal cocoon of G. sensorius is typically brown but occasionally white cocoonsare produced. We have only seen brown cocoons produced by G. iliailandensis. Thecocoon of both species is relatively tightly woven. All members of a brood constructcocoons of the same color. Each individual constructs a cocoon; the cocoons form a compact mass. Each individual contributes a few threads which bind all of the cocoons together. Each cocoon is about 2 times longer than wide. Adults emerge from the end nearest thehead of the developing pupa.Bethylids frequently display modifications on the pretarsus. These features havebeen used taxonomically in some bethylid studies (Evans 1978; Krombein 1987), buthave been generally ignored. Future studies should analyze this character complex.Sculpture of the pretarsus is distinctive with SEM but not LM. The truncate subapical tineon the prctarsi of G. sensorius and G. iliailandensis is not apparent with LM, but development is similar in the male and female. The line develops from the unguis and not thearolium (Figs. II, 12). The functional significance of this character state is not understood.LITERATURE CITEDEvans, H.E. 1978. The Bethylidae ofAmerica north of Mexico. Am. Enlomol. Inst. Mem.27, 332 p.Gordh, G. 1984. Goniozus pakmanus (Hymenoplera: Bethylidae), a new species imported into California for the biological control of pink bollworm, Peciinopltora gossyp-iella (Saunders) (Lepidoptcra: Gelechiidae). Entomol. News 95 (5): 207-211.Gordh, G. 1988a. A new species of Goniozus Fflrster from India (Hymcnoptera: Beth-Gordh & Witethom: New Thailand Goniozus 145ylidac) used in biological control of Diapliania indica (Saundcrs) (Lcpidoptera: Py-ralidac). Pan-Pac. Entomol. 64 (2): 173-82.Gordh, G. 1988b . A new species of Goniozus from India and (axonomic noics on related species (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Indian J. Entomol. 48 [1986]: 361-65.Gordh, G. & L. Moczar. 1990. A catalog of the world Bethylidae (Hymenoptera: Acul-cata). Am. Entomol. Inst. Mem. 46, 364 p.Krombein. K. V. 1987. Biosystematic studies of Ceylonese wasps, XVIII: The species ofTrachepyris Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Pan-Pac. Entomol. 63: 135-44.Kurian. C. 1952. Descriptions of four new and record of one known Bethyloidea (Parasitic Hymenoptera) from India. Agra Univ. J. Res. Sci. 1: 63-72, 23.Kurian, C. 1954. Descriptions of five new and records and redescriptions of two knownBethyloidea (Parasitic Hymenoptera) from India. Agra Univ. J. Res. Sci. 3: 417-39,45.Kurian, C. 1955. Bethyloidea (Hymenoptera) from India. Agra Univ. J. Res. Sci. 4:67-155,255.Pruthi. H.S. & M.S. Muni. 1942. Distribution, hosts and habits of the Indian Scrphoideaand Bethyloidea. Ind. Mus. Mem. 13: 405-44.Ram, A. 1969. Description of Goniozus delhiensis. n. sp. (Belhylidae: Hymenoptera), aprimary larval parasite of Dichocmcis punciiferalis (Guen.) (Pyralidac: Lepidop-tera). Bull. Entomol. 10: 68-70.Ram, A. & I). R. Subbu Rao. 1968. The description of Goniozus stomopterycis n. sp.(Bethylidae: Hymenoptera), a primary larval parasite of Stomopleryx nerleria (Mey-rick) in South India and a revised key to the oriental species of Goniozus Fbrsler.Bull. Entomol. 8(1967]: 73-78. 6 figures.Samud. K. 1973. Systemaiics and biology of Goniozus rugosus - new species (Bethylidae: Hymenoptera) a larval parasite of micro-Lepidoptera in Pakistan. Agric. Pak-ist. 24: 195-200.Witethom. B. & P. Silawatchananai. 1991. Biology and life table of Mussidia pectini-corneila Hampson (Lcpidoptera: Pyralidae), on unripe Sapoditla fruit. Songklan-akarin J. Sci. Tcchnol. 12: 361-67.Manuscript submitted: 6 Aug. 1993Manuscript accepted: 5 Nov. 1993

A New Species of Goniozus from Thailand (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)

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A New Species of Goniozus from Thailand (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)

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