St. John, Harold

Pacific Science

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Strongylodon secundus (Leguminosae), a Melanesian SpeciesPacific Plant Studies 221HAROLD ST. JOHN2THE PACIFIC SPECIES of Strongylodon are elon-gate, climbing vines, with fat, reticulate pods,large, hard seeds, and pendent inflorescenceswith brilliant reddish flowers. The writer dis-covered this species on Rotuma Island; but atthe time it was in fruit only. It has proven tobe of wider distribution, being found also inthe New Hebrides, the Solomons, the Bismarcks,and New Guinea. As flowering and fruitingmaterial are available from the Solomon Islands,a holotype is chosen from that area.Strongylodon secundus sp. nov.Figs. 1,2NOM. VERN.: "low" (Guadalcanal); "pidi-ge-armallo" (Bougainville); "pirihiamu" (Bou-gainville ) .DIAGNOSIS HOLOTYPI: Liana glabra volubiliset in arboribus scandens est, ramis foliosis 2-3.5 mm diametro glabris subviridibus, inter-nodis 6-24 em longis, stipulis 3-4 mm longisdeltoideis, petiolis 3.8-8 cm longis, rhachidibus20-32 mm longis, foliolis binis lateralibus cumstipelis 2-2.5 mm longis lineari-oblongis,petiolulis 5-6 mm longis, laminis 7-10 cmlongis 4.6-7.5 cm latis obliquiter ovatis basirotundata apice abrupte oblongi-subacuminatolaminis firme chartaceis olivaceis glabris, nervisgracilibus sed evidentis, foliolo terminali cumstipelis et petiolulo simulantibus, lamina 7-13cm longa 4.6-8 cm lata ovata concinna apiceabrupte oblongi-subacuminato obtuse apiculato,_infiorescentia axillari 25-26 cm longo cumracema terminali et racemulis lateralibus com-pluribus 6-10 cm longis, pedunculo 6-10 cmlongo, racemulis cum pedunculo 1-5 cm longo,floribus salmoneis et 2-5 in pulvino omnino1.3-1.5 mm lato hemisphaerico productis, pedi-1 Manuscript received 22 February 1971.2 Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii96818 U.S.A.celis 1-2 cm longis filiformibus adscendenti-divergentibus plerumque secundis, floribus nu-merosis (in typo 450) sed uno solo seminesferrenti, pedicelis cum 2 bracteis apicalibuscaducis 1 mm longis ovatis concavis brunneis5-nervosis margine membranaceo pallido minuteciliato, calyce in alabastro anguste cylindrico inflore 5-5.5 mm longo 3-3.5 mm lato angusteoblique infundibuliformi-cylindrico viridi sedin sicco subbrunneo nervis obscuris apice obli-quo, 5 lobis 0.2-0.4 mm longis profunde con-vexis ciliolatis, vexillo 18 mm longo 8 mm latolamina ovata cum 29 nervis longitudinalibus,alis 15-16 mm longis, ungui 4 mm longo,lamina 4-4.5 mm lata semirhombica marginesupero in basi auriculato, carina 26-28 mmlonga 4-4.5 mm alta demisse lunata acuta ungui3 mm longo, staminibus inclusis, stylo et stig-mate denique exsertis.DIAGNOSIS OF HOLOTYPE: Vine, glabrous,twining and climbing up trees; leafy branches2-3.5 mm in diameter, glabrous, greenish; in-ternodes 6-24 cm long; stipules 3-4 mm long,deltoid; petioles 3.8-8 cm long; rhachis 20-32mm long; the two lateral leaflets with stipels2-2.5 mm long, linear-oblong, and petiolules5-6 mm long, the blades 7-10 cm long, 4.6-7.5 cm wide, obliquely ovate, the base rounded,the apex abruptly oblong-subacuminate, thetissue firm chartaceous, olive green, glabrous,the veins slender but noticeable; terminal leafletwith similar stipels and petiolules, the blade7-13 cm long, 4.6-8 cm wide, ovate, sym-metrical~fne apex aBruptly 01510ng-su5acuml--------1nate, bluntly apiculate; inflorescence axillary,25-26 cm long, of a terminal and several lateralracemes 6-10 cm long; peduncle 6-10 cm long;the lateral racemes with peduncles 1-5 cmlong;flowers salmon pink, in clusters of 2-5, bornefrom a pulvinus or short-shoot 1.3-1.5 mmacross, hemispheric; pedicels 1-2 cm long, fili-form, ascending divergent, mostly secund; flow-121122 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 26, January 1972...o...3~0....., ~2; emo :si~;;~::t=========== --Fig. 1. a, inflorescence, X V2; b, pinnate leaf, X Y2; c, flower bud, X 2; d, mature flower, X 2; e, pod,lateral view, X V2; f, pod, dorsal view, X V2; g, h, seed, X 1.Pacific Plant Studies 22-ST. JOHN 123A 5 I A• ".' 20M..ARQUE.5A5.:.~SOCIE..TY' ':.~,T, UA M OT U.$: 0 0K '·Tahitl·',:,:.::"". .... t,: '.: : tiangarevaAUSTRAL ..•••Rapa.. Pitcairn• HAWAII." G...C>.;Kermadec.!'1idway• .5~MOA'·.FIJI, '. , .....~~~~::i .\ .. ~TONGANEW.bzEALAND~ \ChathamNorfolk. .:Lord HoweTA5MANIADI".·I".,d' I,••·Fig, 2. Map of distribution of Strongylodon secundus St. John.ers numerous, as on the holotype the inflores-cences have 4-5 racemes, each of which has25-30 flowering nodes, and the whole with atotal of some 450 flowers, and of these nor-mally only one sets fruit; pedicels bearing 2apical caducous bracts 1 mm long, ovate, con-cave, brown, 5-nerved, the membranous palemargin minutely ciliolate; calyx in bud nar-rowly cylindric, in flower 5-5.5 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, narrowly oblique funnelform-cylindric, green, turning brownish on drying,obscurely veined, the apex oblique, the 5 lobes0.2-0.4 mm long, low convex, ciliolate; ban-ner 18 mm long, 8 mm wide, the limb ovate,with 29 longitudinal nerves; wings 15-16 mm--long,--I:he..-Cla:w..AJnrrLlong,...lhdimh..Ad.5 mmwide, semirhombic, the lower angle obtuse, theupper edge auriculate at base; keel 26-28 mmlong, 4-4.5 mm high, low lunate, acute, theclaw 3 mm long; stamens included; style andstigma finally exserted.FRUITING SPECIMEN (Kajewski 1,845):Fruiting pedicel 14-17 mm long, straight; torusswollen; stipe 13-15 mm long; pod body 34-38 mm long, 22-24 mm wide, 22 mm thick,asymmetric ellipsoid, distended over the singlelarge seed, pale greenish, with coarse, raised,reticulate venation, the margins leading to thetwo sutures flat, and the edge heavy ribbed,apparently indehiscent, the apex with a curvedstylar beak 6-8 mm long; seed nearly globose,14.5 mm in diameter, dark reddish brown,smooth, shining; micropyle evident as a slit ina depression, and just beyond it begins thehilum 22 mm long, 1 mm wide, pale brown,conspicuous.EXPANDED DESCRIPTION: Lateral leaflet blades5.5-11.5 cm long, 3.6-10 em wide; terminalleaflet 4.6-12.8 cm wide; pod body 34-47 mm10flg,-2-1-2-7-mm-wicle-E-ver-y-r-a-r-e-ly-2-Se€G€G."-----1and then 60-64 mm long); seed subglobose,14.5-18 mm long, 14-16 mm wide, 13 mmthick.HOLOITPUS: Solomon Islands, GuadalcanalI., Oulolo, near Tutuve Mt., common, climbingup the rain forest trees, 1,200 m. alt., April14, 1931, S. F. Kajewski 2,493 (BISH). Iso-types (BRI, G, L).124SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Indonesi"n NewGuinea, Nabire, 24/11/1940, R. Kanehira andS. Hatusima 11,506 (K).Australian New Guinea (Kaiser-Wilhelms-land): Constatinhafen, M. Hollrung 584 (K);and ditto, in 1887, Hollrlmg (K); Lauterbach98 (K); 1896, Lauterbach 33 (G); 1896,Lauterbach 613 (K); Constantin Hafn, R.Schlechter 14,269 (BO, K); and 16,080 (K,NY).Papua: Upoia, Vailala R., 15.3.1926, L. J.Brass 1,156 (BRI, K); Rona, Laloki R., CentralDist., rain forest of valley slopes, 450 m. alt.,April 1933, Brass 3,584 (BM, BRI, NY);Kanosia, climbing up riverside trees, sea level,2-4-35, C. E. Carr 11,750 (K, L); Rouna,forest lining stream on very steep slopes, 1,300ft. alt., 3-5-35, Carr 12,447 (K, L); Burava,forest, 3,500 ft. alt., 14-2-36, Carr 15,733 (L);Morobe Dist., Heldsbade, 60-100 fuss, 21 V1936, Clemens 3,188 (G); Jct. Adai and InumuRivers, 2,200 ft. alt., Feb. 1923, C. E. Lane-Pool 402 (K); Fife Bay, Sept. 1930, R. ListerTurner 73 (BRI).Bismarck Archipelago: New Britain, GazellePeninsula, logging area, Keravat, strong climberin tops of regrowth trees, 300 ft. alt., 4/1/55,A. Floyd 6,697 (BISH, LAE); ditto, 400 ft. alt.,8/3/56, J. S. Womersley NGF 7,950 (BISH,LAE).Solomon Islands: Guadalcanal; see the holo-type.New Georgia I., Tatu Hiqohiqo or ArosoPACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 26, January 1972Noki, 4/VII/1929, J. H. L. Waterhouse140 (K).Bougainville I.: Pirihiamu, Siwai, May 1931,Waterhouse 427 (K); Siwai, vine from riverbank, Jan. 1932, Waterhouse 675A (K); n.e.part, Namatoa, 7/111/1932, Waterhouse (K);Kekepe, Crown Prince Range, s. slopes, 2,000ft. alt., March 1936, A. H. Voyce 11 (K).New Hebrides, Efate I., Undine Bay, com-mon, rain forest, 100 m. alt., April 24, 1928,Kajewski 192 (BRI, K, NY); Capt. RasonExped., May 1903, W. T. Quaife (SYD).Rotuma Island: Uea Island, climbing overthicket near summit, 830 ft. alt., Aug. 21, 1938,St. John 19,624 (BISH).DISCUSSION: The new species somewhat re-sembles S. siderospermum Cordemoy, of Re-union Island, but actually it is closer to S.lucidus (Forst. f.) Seem, of Tahiti. This specieshas the inflorescence a simple raceme; calyx8 mm long; wings 19 mm long; pod body6-7 cm long, 3.3-3.6 cm wide; seed 20 X 18mm, subglobose, jet black, dull. S. secundushas the inflorescence compound, with 4-5racemes; calyx 5-5.5 mm long; wings 15-16mm long; pod body 3.4--4.7 cm long, 2.2-2.7cm wide; seed 14.5-18 X 14-16 mm, sub-globose, dark reddish brown, smooth, shining.The new epithet is the Latin adjective secun-dus, following the first, and, in botany, with theparts (as the flowers) all directed to one side.This fits the flower arrangement in this species.

Strongylodon secundus (Leguminosae), a Melanesian Species Pacific Plant Studies 22

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Strongylodon secundus (Leguminosae), a Melanesian Species Pacific Plant Studies 22

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