End-of-life management of lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles: Selected references on problem scope, regulatory environment, and circular economy opportunities

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are powerful, relatively inexpensive, and lightweight energy sources that power a wide variety of electronics and portable tools. LiB applications in consumer electronics include wireless headphones, cell phones, laptops, tablets, handheld gaming devices, hearing aids, calculators, hoverboards, e-cigarettes, portable tools, cameras, and other devices. They are also found in larger products such as electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems. This bibliography focuses on recent publications related to LiBs in EVs, specifically in light-duty vehicles/cars.Ope