Gerald L. Stokka and Thomas R. Falkner, Preventive herd health program, Kansas State University, November 1998

Falkner, Thomas R.

Stokka, Gerald L.

K-State Research Exchange

1PreventiveHerd HealthProgramGerald L. StokkaExtension Beef VeterinarianAnimal Sciences and IndustryThomas R. Falkner,Extension AssistantAnimal Sciences and IndustryKansas State UniversityAgricultural Experiment Station andCooperative Extension ServiceBreedingconsiderations• 65-day breeding season forcows.• 65 percent of the femalesshould be bred by the endof the first cycle.• 45-day breeding season forreplacement heifers.• Heifer age and weight forpuberty may vary amongand between breeds.• Breed heifers 3 weeksbefore the cows, possiblywith the aid of an estrussynchronization program ifreproductive status permits.• Review expected progenydifferences (EPD’s) forselection of bulls as well asphysical appearance.• Correlate age of bulls andbreeding area with numberof cows to be serviced toshorten breeding seasonand to aid in uniformity ofcalf crop.• Bulls breeding soundnessexaminations 30 days priorto breeding season.• Artificial insemination (AI)with heat detection mayprove beneficial.Immune systemmanagementREMEMBER: It is impera-tive that animals be healthyand unstressed at time ofimmunization.Neonatal period• Ingestion of colostrumwithin the first 6 hoursafter birth is necessary formaximum absorption.Colostrum at birth pro-vides antibodies developedby the dam critical to thelifelong immune status ofthe animal. Neglecting thisingestion may lead todisease-stricken animalslater in life.• Lactogenic (colostral)immunity to the calf can beimproved with the use ofmaternal vaccinationprocedures, but colostralantibody protectiondecreases as the calf ages.• Dehorning and castrationmay be performed at thistime.• Tagging or tattoo inconjunction with cow'sidentification for recordsand pairing-up.Branding time(6 weeks of age or around thistime)• Castrate and dehorn if notdone at birth.• Implant cattle not to beused for replacements.• Clostridial spp. given asbacterin/toxoid-7-way(avoid intramuscularinjections, give subcutane-ously in the neck).Each producer is urged to establish a specific PreventiveHerd Health Program (PHHP) for his or her herd in conjunc-tion with a veterinarian who may give realistic expectationsfor each vaccine. Each cow-calf operation is different, and,therefore, has unique considerations to achieve herd health.Factors unique to your operation include: nutrition; manage-ment styles; facilities; age and sex of the animals; intended useof the animals; location and disease history of ranch; diseasehistory of animals; length of ownership; neighboring cattle;genetics; environmental changes and economic considerations.Outdated Publication, for historical use. CAUTION: Recommendations in this publication may be obsolete.2• IBR-PI3-BVD-BRSV givenas a product recommendedfor suckling calves (asecond injection will begiven at weaning). Thisproduct may be used hereif there are problems with“summer pneumonia” or ifpreweaning vaccinationscannot be given.• Insecticides for fly control,application too early in theseason will give poorresults.PreweaningThis period is critical inyour vaccination programdue to increased pathogenexposure, elevated stresslevels at weaning, anddiminished colostral (passive)protection.• IBR-PI3-BVD-BRSV givenas a product recommendedfor suckling calves (asecond injection will begiven at weaning).• Clostridial spp. given asbacterin/toxoid-7-way (ifinjection is given at thistime a second injection isnot needed at weaning)(avoid intramuscularinjections, give subcutane-ously in the neck).Weaning• IBR-PI3-BVD-BRSV givenas a modified live virus(second injection if given atpreweaning).• Clostridial spp. given asbacterin/toxoid-7-way(this injection is not neededif doses have been given atbranding and preweaning)(avoid intramuscularinjections, give subcutane-ously in the neck).• Parasite and grub control.• Implant all cattle notintended for reproduction.• Certify calves to be sold as“preconditioned” whereapplicable.4- to 12-month-oldreplacement heifers(preferably 5 to 8 months ofage)• Brucellosis vaccinationRB51 to all replacementheifers.• Follow state and federalregulations.• RB51 is approved for use inKansas.Pregnancy examination(90 days post exposure) atconvenient time such asweaning.• Cull open, old and un-sound females.• Parasite, lice and grubcontrol (lice control mayneed to be repeated 21days later or at precalvingif necessary).• Record age, breed, number,body condition score, anddays pregnant.• Some vaccinations canbe given at this timeincluding leptospirosis andvibriosis bacterins (if anoil-base product is used forvibriosis).• Calf scours: The initialdose of E-coli + Clostridialperfringens type C and Dgiven as a bacterin/toxoid,and Rota+Corona virusesgiven as a killed vaccine ifa problem exists.Note: It is recommendedthat scour vaccinations begiven 6 and 3 weeks prior tocalving, but due to conve-nience, administration of theprimary dose at this time maybe acceptable. Some E-coliproducts have been shown toimprove colostral immunityfor up to one year. Scours canoften be a result of environ-mental and managementfactors and cannot be cor-rected with vaccination alone.Cow and replacementheifer vaccinations• 30 to 60 days prior tobreeding• Vibriosis given as a bacte-rin (this is the preferredtime of administration).• Leptospirosis given as a 5-way bacterin.• IBR-PI3-BVD given as amodified live virus.3 weeks prior to calving• Calf scours: E-coli +Clostridial perfringenstype C and D given as abacterin/toxoid, andRota+Corona viruses givenas a killed vaccine if aproblem exists.• Calves must receiveenough colostrum fromscour-vaccinated cowswithin the first 24 hours tobe protected.• Lice control (if a problemin your herd).Bulls(30 days prior to breeding)• Vibriosis given as abacterin.• Leptospirosis given as a5-way bacterin.• IBR-PI3-BVD given as amodified live virus.Nutritional consider-ations• Balance diet for energy andprotein to maintain a bodyscore desirable for thatstage in production.• Have forage analysisperformed on allfeedstuffs.• In grass tetany problemareas, high magnesium saltshould be provided 60days before calving to thestart of breeding.• Balance diet for vitaminsand minerals and test fordeficiencies, such asselenium or copper.Outdated Publication, for historical use. CAUTION: Recommendations in this publication may be obsolete.3General management• All incoming animalsshould be vaccinated incoordination with theexisting herd program andpossibly put in a quaran-tine period to help identifydiseased animals not yetshowing their true diseasestate.• Know the history ofincoming breeding stock ortest for bovine leukosis,Johne’s and persistent BVDinfection.• Work cattle in a.m. hourswhen possible during thesummer to reduce heatstress.• Fly control and shade arestrongly recommended.• Use the neck area for intra-muscular and subcutane-ous injections.• Use good sanitation and,remember, vaccines can beinactivated by heat (sun-light), and chemicalcontamination.• Label syringes for use withthe same vaccine each time.• Change needles often (10to 15 animals)ConclusionVeterinarians are a valu-able resource to aid a ranch inrecord analysis and interpre-tation, nutrition, genetics andmanagement decisions.Use a consistent, annualvaccination program devel-oped by your veterinarian,specific for your area andherd. More isn’t always betterand vaccination does notalways mean your animalsare protected, but boosteringcan increase the number ofimmunized animals.Outdated Publication, for historical use. CAUTION: Recommendations in this publication may be obsolete.4Brand names appearing in this publication are for identification purposes only. No endorsement is intended,nor is criticism implied of others not mentioned.Publications from Kansas State University are available on the World Wide Web at: http://www.oznet.ksu.eduContents of this publication may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. In each case, creditGerald L. Stokka, Preventive Herd Health Program, Kansas State University, November 1998.Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension ServiceEP-50 November 1998It is the policy of Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service that all persons shall have equal opportu-nity and access to its educational programs, services, activities, and materials without regard to race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age or disability.Kansas State University is an equal opportunity organization. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, asamended. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and United States Department of Agriculture Cooperating, Marc A.Johnson, Director.Outdated Publication, for historical use. CAUTION: Recommendations in this publication may be obsolete.

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