This study assessed whether special classes operate as a form of segregation or inclusion for students with special educational needs. Ireland has a multi-track system of education where students with special educational needs can either attend mainstream school, special school or special classes in a mainstream school. In recent decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the numbers of students with special educational needs attending mainstream school and an expansion of special education resources including special needs assistants (SNAs), learning support and resource teachers and special classes. Although special classes have operated in the Irish education system since the 1970s, there has been a substantial increase in their numbers, with an almost doubling of these classes operating between 2011/2012 (548) and 2015/2016 (1,008). The type or designation of special classes has shifted from a traditional model of classes for students with Mild General Learning Disabilities (MGLD) towards more specialised units for students with more severe needs such as Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The majority of ASD classes have opened since 2010 and represent a shift in policy as to how these students are educated in mainstream education
