Berthomieu, Anne

Archive of European Integration

Statistics • in focus •••••••••••••••••••• EXTERNAL TRADE 2/2005 Author Anne BERTHOMIEU Conte nu The European Union: the world's leading exporter .......... 1 Large surplus In this sector for the EU ......................................... 1 The USA: the EU's largest trading partner .......................... 2 Trade dominated by motor vehicles and aircraft ................. 2 Germany, France and the United Kingdom: the main players ........................................ 3 ~ : L:::::t!L..J i *** ~. __ *_*_*_...., eurostat ~ Manuscript completed on: 25.04.2005 ISSN 1024-6878 atalogue number: KS-N0-05-002-EN-C c European Communities, 2005 European trade in transport equipment ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• In 2003, world trade in transport equipment was worth some 550 billion euros, or one-tenth of the overall trade figure. The European Union is the world's leading exporter of transport equipment and the second-largest importer after the USA. This sector of activity has a structural surplus, enabling the EU-25 to record a surplus of some 55 billion euros in 2003. 250 200 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 USA EU-15 • Exports EU-25 Japan Imports Canada --Mexico China • Trade balance Figure 1 -- The European Union and the other main play ers on the world market in transport equipment, 2003 (€ billion) The European Union: the world's leading exporter With a figure approaching 140 billion euros, the EU-25 is the world's leading exporter of transport equipment. In 2003, 25% of all exports were of Community origin. Hot on the heels of the EU came Japan (23%) and the USA (21%), with Canada (13%) some way behind and Mexico (5%) and China (3%) well back. Between 1999 and 2003, the growth rate in European exports (8%) was more sustained than the world growth rate (5%). The export flows dipped slightly with the enlargement of the EU to 25 Member States due to the importance of intra-Community trade. Large surplus in this sector for the EU As the world's second-largest exporter but largest importer, the USA posts a large trade deficit for transport equipment (-95.3 billion euros in 2003). The European Union, as the world's second-largest importer but largest exporter with a flow of around 80 billion euros, recorded higher and higher surpluses up to 2002 (+58.8 billion euros -see Table 2). In 2003, the surplus was lower (+53.6 billion euros) because exports fell while imports continued to rise. Nonetheless, the transport equipment sector remains one of the EU's best performing sectors of activity in terms of trade in goods. In 2003, transport equip1T1ent accounted for 16% of the EU's exports and 9% of its imports. In 2003, one third of Europe's exports of transport equipment went to the USA. The USA also supplied one third of the EU's imports. Its position as the EU's largest trading partner is undisputed, particularly in terms of exports, as just 6% of the equipment exported went to the next largest partner, Switzerland. By contrast, Japan is a serious competitor to the USA as a supplier to the EU: in 2003, 23% of European imports were of Japanese origin and these imports were 9% up on 2002 whereas imports from the USA had fallen (-14%). There is also a marked increase in imports from South Korea (+18%). The trade balances recorded by the EU with its main partners are on a downward trend. Between 2002 and 2003, the trade surplus with the USA fell from +19.6 billion euros to +17.6 billion. Over the same period, the deficit widened with Japan (from -10.5 to -12.5 billion euros) and South Korea (from -4.2 to -5.7 billion euros). All in all, however, the transport equipment sector still produces a substantial trade surplus. The USA: the EU's largest trading partner Table 1 a - Main destinations for EU-25 exports (€ bllllon) USA Switzerland Japan China Turkey Norway Russia Canada Main partners (% of total exports) 1999 2000 2001 2002 37.2 44.5 49.6 51.8 9.9 9.9 9.7 8.2 5.8 7.2 6.6 7.1 2.1 2.4 3.3 4.3 2.9 6.1 2.4 2.8 3.1 4.0 4.2 4.4 1.2 1.6 3.1 3.5 2.7 3.2 4.2 4.4 64.9 78.8 83.0 86.5 (61%) 59% 57% 58%) 45.1 8.7 6.6 5.9 4.6 4.3 4.1 3.6 79A (58% Table 1 b - Main sources of EU-25 Imports (E bllllon) USA Japan South Korea Turkey Switzerland Canada China Norway Main partners (% of total imports) 1999 2000 2001 28.4 29. 7 30.3 32.2 27 .5 19.0 19.4 17.2 17.6 19.1 5.0 5.5 4.9 6.0 7.1 1.5 1.7 2.4 2.9 3.8 3.4 4.4 3.5 2.5 2.6 1.6 2.3 2.8 3.3 2.5 0.8 1.3 1.6 1.5 2.0 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.7 60.4 65.4 64.0 67.3 64.6 (81%) (79%) (77%) (80%) 77% Trade dominated by motor vehicles and aircraft Table 2 - Extra-EU25 trade In transport equipment, by product (E bllllon) 1999 2000 2001 2002 -13% 33% 7% 6% -7% 5% 39% 4% 63% 3% -1% 3% 16% 3% -19% 3% -8% 58% -14% 33% 9% 23% 18% 8% 29% 5% 3% 3% -25% 3% 39% 2% 35% 2% -4% 77% In 2003, cars and other land vehicles made up two thirds of Europe's exports of transport equipment and half of its im-ports. The aerospace sector also accounted for a substantial proportion: 22% of exports and 35% of imports. Most of the remaining flows fall to maritime or inland shipping products. 86 Railway and tramway locomotives and rolling-stock 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.4 18% 2% Trade in cars and other land vehicles is the source of the EU's substantial surplus for trade in transport equipment, the bulk of this being in cars designed for transporting fewer than ten people and, to a lesser extent, in car parts and acces-sories. Up until 2002, "maritime or inland shipping" was also in the black, mainly thanks to ex-ports of vessels primarily de-signed for passenger transport (liners or cruise ships) and lei-87 Cars and other land vehicles, parts and accessories 88 Aerospace 89 Maritime or inland shipping 86 Railway and tramway locomotives and rolling-stock 87 Cars and other land vehicles, parts and accessories 88 Aerospace 89 Maritime or inland shipping 86 Railway and tramway locomotives and rolling-stock 87 Cars and other land vehicles, parts and accessories 88 Aerospace 89 Maritime or inland shipping 61.3 77.9 84.2 92.7 93.9 1% 68% 31.2 37.5 39.8 33.3 30.5 -8% 22% 8.4 10.5 11.4 12.7 10.9 -15% 8% 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.2 48% 1% 36.9 39.0 37.6 38.9 41.8 7% 50% 32.1 35.4 36.1 34.0 29.0 -15% 35% 4.1 6.5 6.8 8.3 12.1 45% 14% 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.2 24.4 38.9 46.6 53.8 52.1 -0.9 2.1 3.7 -0.7 1.5 4.3 4.0 4.6 4.4 -1.2 II statistics in focus - External trade - 2/2005 ---------------------sure or sporting craft. On the other hand, aerospace-related trade is more evenly balanced on the whole, with the balance sometimes positive, sometimes negative between 1999 and 2003. Most of this trade is in aeroplanes of an unladen weight ex-ceeding 2000 kg and plane parts other than propellers, rotors and un-dercarriages. Whilst the other items have generally recorded sustained growth since 1999, exports and imports of aero-space products have fallen from their 2002 level. One other exception to the growth pattern is exports of mari-time or inland shipping products which fell by 15% between 2002 and 2003. Gennany, France and the United Kingdom: the main players In 2003, Germany, the United King-dom and France between them ac-counted for 71 % of the EU's exports and 54% of its imports: }> Germany is the main exporter with 40% of all exports, well ahead of France (20%) and the UK (11 %). }> The UK is the largest importer, accounting for 20% of imports, close-ly followed by Germany (18%) and France (16%). Most Member States record little in the way of extra-Community flows of transport equipment and their trade balances are close to zero. In 2003, only Germany (+39.5 billion euros), France (+14.4 billion euros) and, to a lesser extent, Sweden ( +4.2 billion euros), Italy (+1.6 billion euros) and Spain (+1.4 billion euros) posted bal-ances well in the black. The United Kingdom, on the other hand, was to be found in the category of those with slight deficits. The largest deficit in 2003 was recorded by Greece (-4.9 billion euros). For the vast majority of the 25 Mem-ber States, trade in transport equip-ment is basically conducted on an intra-EU basis. Almost 70% of ex-ports by the Member States are thus destined for the Community market and 80% of the transport equipment imported by these 25 countries co-Table 3 - Member States' contributions to Intra and extra-EU25 trade In 2003 values In E bllllon and % shares Extra-EU25 trade mes from another Member State. Although minor players in extra-EU trade, Spain, Italy and Belgium play a more significant role in trade between Member States. In so saying, Ger-many, France and the United King-lntra-EU25 trade dom are still the main players, their joint figures making up 57% of intra-EU dispatches and 50% of intra-EU arrivals. I ESSENTIAL INFORMATK)N-:-METHO-DOLOGICAL NOTES ! j.....---.. ·-·-·--·--------·---··-----·--.. ·---·---·------···--·-·····-----.. ·--····-···-··--·----.............. - .................................. -................................ --.... - ... _____ .. ,_ .. ,_ .. _ .. ______________ ........... ......__ ...... _____________ -·--·----·---·-·-·----------· , statistical sources (data extracted on:: 25/01/2005) I Concepts and definitions i ) EU data : Eurostat I EU data are compiled according to Community guidelines and may I ) Non-EU data: United Nations (Comtrade database) I therefore differ from the national data published by the Member States. ' j For further information, please refer to the following documents: Classification of products i ) Statistics on the trading of goods- User guide Transport equipment encompasses chapters 86, 87, 88 and 89 of the I ) Metadata available for the theme « External trade » Harmonised System. i ! ·-·--------··-----·-·------·-···------------·-·-·----------····-·-·-·-·----··-·--·-·--------··--·-·---!·-·-·-·-·-·---·------·-·--·-·-····----·-·-·-·-·-·-·----·-·-------~-----------··· ...................... l [3?L) eurostat ---------------------2/2005-External- - Statistics In focus II Further in/ ormation: ~ Databases EUROSTAT Website/External trade/External trade detailed data Journalists can contact the media support service: Bech Building Office A4/017 • L-2920 Luxembourg• Tel. (352) 4301 33408 • Fax (352) 4301 35349 • E-mail: eurostat-mediasupport@cec.eu.int European Statistical Data Support: Eurostat set up with the members of the 'European statistical system' a network of support centres. which will exist in nearly all Member States as well as in some EFT A countries. Their mission is to provide help and guidance to Internet users of European statistical data. Contact details for this support network can be found on our Internet site: www.europa.eu.inUcomm/eurostaU A list of worldwide sales outlets is available at the: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. 2. rue Mercier- L-2985 Luxembourg URL: http://publications.eu.int E-mail: info-info-opoce@cec.eu.int BELGIEN/BELGIQUE/BELGIE - DANMARK - DEUTSCHLAND - EESTI - ELLADA - ESPANA - FRANCE - IRELAND -!TALIA- KYPROS/KIBRIS - LUXEMBOURG - MAGYARORSzAG- MALTA- NEDERLAND - OSTERREICH - POLSKA-PORTUGAL - SLOVENIJA - SLOVENSKO - SUOMI/FINLAND - SVERIGE - UNITED KINGDOM - BALGARIJA -HRVATSKA - iSLAND - NORGE - SCHWEIZ/SUISSE/SVIZZERA - AUSTRALIA - BRASIL - CANADA - EGYPT - MA-LAYSIA - MEXICO - SOUTH KOREA - SRI LANKA - TAI-WAN - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ORIGINAL TEXT: French 

Statistics in Focus. External trade. European Trade in Transport Equipment. 2005.2

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