Strelow, Hans

Archive of European Integration

Statistics in TRANSPORT < THEME 7 - 2/2000 Contents Total passenger transport 2 National transport 3 International transport 3 Network utilisation rate 4 Average number of journeys per inhabitant 4 Network density 5 Manuscript completed on: 07/04/2000 ISSN 1562-1324 Catalogue number: CA-NZ-OO-002-EN-C Price in Luxembourg per single copy (excl.VAT):EUR6 © European Communities, 2000 Passenger transport by rail 1990 - 1997 Hans Strelow Total passenger transport by rail remained more or less constant between 1990 and 1997 (1,1 %), reaching a peak in 1992, when the European Union's rail networks carried 5 400 million passengers overall. Nine of 15 Member States recorded a rise in the number of rail passengers carried, between 1990 and1997. The highest increase in the volume of rail passengers was experienced by Spain (+ 52,7 %), by the Netherlands (+ 18,2 %) and by Sweden (+ 17,2 %). However, Portugal experienced the biggest decline (- 23,1 %) in the number of passengers carried, due to Portuguese international transport volume which decreased sharply. Denmark posted the highest number of journeys per inhabitant (28,2), nearly double the European average (14,2). The lowest rate was recorded in Greece (1,3). Even if Germany had the densest rail network, the network utilisation rate was highest in the Netherlands (115 300 passengers per kilometre of network). At the other extreme, the lowest network use was registered in Greece (5 500 passengers per kilometre of network). Graph 1: Evolution of total passenger transport from 1990 to 1997 - in % E NL S L IRL I UK A FIN EU-15 Β DK D EL F Ρ -30 -20 -10 10 20 30 40 50 60 Total passenger transport Over the long term, Spain more than doubled its number of passengers (+145% between 1980 and 1997). Ireland and the Netherlands similarly saw ridership increase markedly, whereas Denmark, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the United Kingdom experienced little change. By contrast, Germany, Belgium and Portugal recorded a fall in the volume of passenger transport. During the nineties, it was Spain, once again, which notched up the biggest rise in passenger transport (+ 53%), with the Netherlands taking second place. Nine of the 15 Member States posted an increase in passenger numbers, while the figures for Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Greece, France and Portugal took a downturn. The overall change for EU-15 amounted to + 1,1 %. The total rose from 1990 to 1992, when it reached its peak, and went into decline until 1995. It then picked up somewhat through to 1997. In absolute terms, Germany carried the highest number of passengers (1 590 millions), followed by the United Kingdom (852 millions) and France (797 millions). On the whole, these three countries accounted for more than 60 % of total passenger transport within the European Union. The lowest passenger transport figures were posted by Luxembourg, Greece and Ireland. Graph 2: Total passenger transport in 1997 - in millions 1800 1600 1400 i 1200 1000 800 EL IRL FIN Over the five-year period under review (1992 to 1996), the volume of national and international passenger transport rose in Finland and Sweden, while the figures for Greece, France and Portugal decreased. Austria recorded a rise in national transport, but a fall on the international side. The reverse was true in Belgium, where a decline in national ridership contrasted with a rising number of international passengers. The statistics available for Denmark, Germany, Spain, Ireland, Italy and Luxembourg make no distinction between national and international passengers. Statistics in focus — Theme 7 — 2/2000 ■ m eurostat National transport Five Member States (Belgium, Greece, France, the Netherlands and Portugal) posted a negative trend in national passenger transport. It was Portugal which Table 1: National passenger transport - in thousands experienced the biggest decrease, of 21%. Austria, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom saw their national transport volume rise slightly. Belgium Greece France Netherlands Austria Portugal Finland Sweden United Kingdom 1992 134 850 13 922 830 854 326 000 164 790 224 135 45 007 92 754 781 896 1993 135 388 13 021 806 421 314 000 170 922 208 250 44 256 96 497 749 480 1994 133 417 12 158 792 596 306 000 180 918 201 102 43 849 97 976 737 209 1995 133 215 11 241 724 873 295 333 185 247 187 357 44 249 96 300 764 469 1996 130 754 12610 767 678 299 736 185 053 176 914 46 815 98 700 820 350 Variation 1992 --3,0 -9,4 -7,6 -8,1 12,3 -21,1 4,0 6,4 4,9 1996 (%) International transport The figures for Portugal plummeted over the period by 63%. Greece and Austria also experienced major falls in the level of international transport. Figures for the Netherlands were available only in millions of passengers and for three years only (for 1992 and 1996, figures have been estimated). Increases in the volume of international transport were recorded only by Belgium, Finland and Sweden. whose figures almost doubled Since the opening of the Channel Tunnel, the number of international rail passengers has grown steadily in the United Kingdom Table 2: International passenger transport - in thousands Belgium Greece France netherlands Austria Portugal Finland Sweden United Kingdom 1992 10 156 258 19611 7 000 10 145 486 94 1 890 0 1993 9 959 364 15 537 7 000 10 177 338 106 2 033 15 1994 9 185 434 13 769 6 000 9 494 254 140 2 070 20 1995 10 797 237 15 974 6 000 8 785 176 171 2 070 24 1996 10 942 206 18 949 6 000 8 375 180 186 2 084 29 Variation 1992-1996 (%) 7,7 -20,2 -3,4 -17,4 -63,0 97,9 10,3 93,3(1993-1996) eurostat • 2/2000 — Theme 7 — Statistics in focus Network utilisation rate Dividing the number of passengers by the length of the network gives the network utilisation rate. The results show that, by this measure, the Netherlands led the field, carrying 115 300 passengers per kilometre of network, ahead of Portugal (72 000 passengers/km) and Denmark (63 000 passengers/km). Bringing up the rear was Greece, with a rate of 5 500 passengers per km. The average for EU-15 stood at 37 800 passengers/km. Graph 3: Passengers carried by km of national network - in thousands 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Average number of journeys per inhabitant On average, it was Denmark which recorded the highest rate of all Member States, at 28,2 journeys per inhabitant. Other countries with a rate of more than 20 journeys per inhabitant were Luxembourg (27,1), Austria (23,2), the Netherlands (21,1) and Portugal (20,9). At the other end of the scale, the inhabitants of Greece made an average of 1,3 train journeys per year. Luxembourg's figure very much reflects the large number of workers who use the train daily for their journey to and from work. On average, each inhabitant of the European Union travelled by rail 14,2 times per year. Statistics in focus — Theme 7 — 2/2000 ■ eurostat Graph 4: Average number of journeys per inhabitant Denmark Luxembourg Austria Netherlands Portugal Germany France Belgium EU-15 United Kingdom Sweden Finland Spain Italy Ireland Greece 10 15 20 25 30 Network density The network density figure is obtained by dividing the total length of a Member State's railway lines by the country's surface area. Belgium, Germany and Luxembourg thus have the highest densities, Greece, Finland and Sweden the lowest. This reflects the fact that Finland and Sweden have a relatively large Table 3: network density for 1994 - in m/km2 surface area but a low population density. Greece, on the other hand, comprises a large number of small islands, most of them with no rail network. The largest Member State, France, has only an average density, while the smallest EU countries, Belgium and Luxembourg, have a high one. Belgium Denmark Germany Greece Spain France Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Austria Portugal Finland Sweden United Kingdom Density (m/kmz) 111,3 54,5 116,0 18,7 25,1 58,8 27,7 53,3 107,1 66,5 67,2 33,4 17,4 21,5 70,0 Length (km) 3 396 2 349 41 401 2 474 12 646 32 275 1 944 16 066 275 2 757 5 636 3 070 5 880 9 661 17 091 Area (km'') 30 518 43 093 356 970 131 957 504 795 549 085 70 285 301 311 2 568 41 480 83 860 91 910 338 150 449 960 244 138 eurostat ■ 2/2000 — Theme 7 — Statistics in focus Table 4: Total passenger transport - in thousands Belgium Denmark Germany Greece Spain France Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Austr ia Portugal Finland Sweden United K ingdom EU-15 1980 170 673 134 216 1 705 000 11 600 180 727 739 908 17 686 420 999 11 515 205 762 170 000 230 268 39 300 77 100 796 080 4 910 834 1990 148 911 150 236 1 666 925 14 044 289 476 906 507 26 230 429 400 10 252 267 060 176 960 231 546 49 329 89 010 800 191 5 256 077 1991 152 244 149 436 1 454 324 14 247 331 022 899 250 26 915 438 000 10 371 345 195 182 826 229 323 49 025 87 905 777 458 5 147 541 1992 151 804 146 820 1 622 991 14 279 371 302 912 722 27 063 440 000 10 384 338 229 172 872 230 315 49 927 94 644 781 895 5 365 247 1993 152 041 144 682 1 627 789 13 473 354 234 880 561 27 417 438 000 10 700 326 259 178 605 213 985 49 266 98 530 749 480 5 265 022 1994 149 240 148 073 1 556 291 12 647 366 853 865 293 27 073 455 000 11 300 317 403 188 575 206 505 48 916 100 046 737 209 5 190 424 1995 144 012 145 467 1 517 000 11 478 365 503 730 835 27 124 462 500 12 000 358 619 194 032 184 343 44 420 98 371 764 499 5 060 203 1996 141 696 144 308 1 589 400 12 816 422 833 776 706 27 930 468 300 11 127 306 481 193 428 177 094 47 000 100 784 820 387 5 240 290 1997 143 566 144 414 1 589 900 13 261 442 064 797 256 29 467 461 000 11 536 315 600 183 897 178 130 49 980 104 323 852 053 5 316 447 Belg ium Denmark Germany Greece Spain France Ireland Italy Luxembourg Nether lands Aust r ia Portugal Fin land Sweden United K ingdom EU-15 Variation 1980-1997 (%) -15,9 7,6 -6,8 14,3 144,6 7,8 66,6 9,5 0,2 53,4 8,2 -22,6 27,2 35,3 7,0 8,3 Variation 1990-1997 (%) -3,6 -3,9 -4,6 -5,6 52,7 -12,1 12,3 7,4 12,5 18,2 3,9 -23,1 1,3 17,2 6,5 1,1 Statistics in focus — Theme 7 — 2/2000 ■ m eurostat > ESSENTIAL INFORMATION - METHODOLOGICAL NOTES tj> m « Φ <i> -s « -; β β « e e β Definitions The following definitions are taken from the Glossary for Transport Statistics (Eurostat/UN-ECE1/ECMT2). Rail passenger Any person, excluding members of train crew, who makes a journey by railway vehicle. Passengers making a journey by railway-operated ferry or bus services are excluded. Railway network All railways in a given area. This does not include stretches of road or water even if rolling stock should be conveyed over such routes, e.g. by wagon-carrying trailers or ferries. Lines solely used for tourism purposes during the season are excluded, as are railways constructed solely to serve mines, forests or other industrial or agricultural undertakings and which are not open to public traffic. National rail transport Rail transport between two places (a place of loading and place of unloading) located in the same country irrespective of the country in which the railway vehicles were registered. It may involve transit through a second country. However, it should be noted that figures on national transport are only partially comparable. For some countries, the figures are liable to include passengers carried by secondary railway enterprises, whereas other countries take only the ridership of principal railway enterprises into account. Unfortunately, details about data sources are not always available. Another problem relates to urban journeys: in some countries, these are included in national transport figures, whereas other Member States take no account of them in their statistics. International rail transport Rail transport between two places (a place of loading and a place of unloading) in two different countries. It may involve transit through one or more additional countries. Methodology Total transport, national and international The figures were collected using the common questionnaire (Eurostat/UN-ECE/ECMT). For the years 1995 to 1997, the UIC3's figures were used to complete the tables. Where an item of data was unavailable, it was estimated, as far as possible, using the linear regression method. Estimated figures appear in italics in the tables. Network utilisation rate The number of passengers carried was divided by the length of the network. Using this rate, network utilisation can be compared between the various Member States. Number of journeys per inhabitant To calculate this rate, the number of passengers carried was divided by the population of the Member State concerned. The rate measures annual use of a country's rail network by its inhabitants. Network density Network density is determined by dividing the length of the network by the surface area of the country. 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Statistics in Focus. Transport. Passenger transport by rail 1990-1997. 2000.2

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Archive of European Integration

Archive of European Integration