Ponti, C.

Van Heusden, R.

Archive of European Integration

EUR 5212 e COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES MORSE - E A NEW VERSION OF THE MORSE CODE ESIS by C. PONTI and R. VAN HEUSDEN 1974 Joint Nuclear Research Centre lepra Establishment - Italy LEGAL NOTICE This document was prepared under the sponsorship of the Commission of the European Communities. Neither the Commission of the European Communities, its con-tractors nor any person acting on their behalf : make any warranty or representation, express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this document, or that the use of any information, apparatus, method or process disclosed in this document may not infringe privately owned rights; or assume any liability with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of any information, apparatus, method or process disclosed in this document. This report is on sale at the addresses listed on cover page 4 at the price of B.Fr. 40. Commission of the European Communities D.G. XIII - C.I.D. 29, rue Aldringen L u x e m b o u r g December 1974 This document was reproduced on the basis of the best available copy. EUR 5212 e MORSE — E A NEW VERSION OF THE MORSE CODE by C. PONTI and R. VAN HEUSDEN Commission of the European Communities Joint Nuclear Research Centre — Ispra Establishment (Italy) Luxembourg, December 1974 — 14 Pages — B.Fr. 40.— This report describes a version of the MORSE code which has been written to facilitate the practical use of this programme. MORSE-Ε is a ready-to-use version that does not require particular programming efforts to adapt the code to the problem to be solved. It treats source volumes of different geometrical shapes. MORSE-Ε calculates the flux of particles as the sum of the paths travelled within a given volume; the corresponding relative errors are also provided. EUR 5212 e MORSE — E A NEW VERSION OP THE MORSE CODE by C. PONTI and R. VAN HEUSDEN Commission of the European Communities Joint Nuclear Research Centre — Ispra Establishment (Italy) Luxembourg, December 1974 — 14 Pages — B.Fr. 40.— This report describes a version of the MORSE code which has been written to facilitate the practical use of this programme. MORSE-Ε is a ready-to-use version that does not require particular programming efforts to adapt the code to the problem to be solved. It treats source volumes of different geometrical shapes. MORSE-Ε calculates the flux of particles as the sum of the paths travelled within a given volume; the corresponding relative errors are also provided. EUR 5212 e MORSE — E A NEW VERSION OF THE MORSE CODE by C. PONTI and R. VAN HEUSDEN Commission of the European Communities Joint Nuclear Research Centre — Ispra Establishment (Italy) Luxembourg, December 1974 — 14 Pages — B.Fr. 40.— This report describes a version of the MORSE code which has been written to facilitate the practical use of this programme. MORSE-Ε is a ready-to-use version that does not require particular programming efforts to adapt the code to the problem to be solved. It treats source volumes of different geometrical shapes. MORSE-Ε calculates the flux of particles as the sum of the paths travelled within a given volume; the corresponding relative errors are also provided. EUR 5212 COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES MORSE-E A NEW VERSION OF THE MORSE CODE ESIS by C. PONTI and R. VAN HEUSDEN 1974 Joint Nuclear Research Centre Ispra Establishment - Italy ABSTRACT This report describes a version of the MORSE code which has been written to facilitate the practical use of this programme. MORSE-Ε is a ready-to-use version that does not require particular programming efforts to adapt the code to the problem to be solved. It treats source volumes of different geometrical shapes. MORSE-Ε calculates the flux of particles as the sum of the paths travelled within a given volume; the corresponding relative errors are also provided. - 3 -CONTENT Page 1 . Introduction 3 2 . Source geometry 4 3 . Calculation of the flux 5 4 . Input of MORSE-E 5 5 . Comments on the subroutines which have been added or changed 8 6. References 11 1 . INTRODUCTION The Monte Carlo code MORSE / 1 / , which has been in use since 1970, is well known. Its flexibility leads to adequate solutions to many problems; in pa r t i cu la r its ability to deal with 3D i r r egu l a r geome t r i e s , with coupled n e u t r o n - g a m m a - r a y p rob lems , with albedo su r faces , and the application of suitable variance reduction techniques, is very useful in shielding applica­tions . F u r t h e r m o r e the Monte Car lo method offers grea t accuracy in the d e s c r i p ­tion of physical phenomena, and is essent ia l ly free from numer ica l e r r o r s . All these qualit ies should great ly inc rease the application and the use of Monte Car lo codes within the shielding communi ty . It a p p e a r s , however, that these codes a re not widely u sed . In Europe , in pa r t i cu l a r , only a few people have exper ience of the Monte Car lo codes available for distr ibut ion, and only in three instal lat ions has exper ience of the use of MORSE been developed / 2 / . One of the reasons for the l imited use of this code is in the work that one has to do to adapt the code to the par t i cu la r problem that one needs to so lve .Ra ther than a code in the tradit ional meaning of the word, MORSE can be considered as a very flexible set of subprograms that can be tai lored to solve any par t i cu la r shielding p rob lem. This work to " ta i lor" the code is nei ther t r iv ia l nor negligible and requ i res a detai led knowledge of the code . The use of the SAMBO package / 3 / may help in doing this work, but does not avoid it , and in general it is r a the r expensive in t e r m s of machine t i m e . To make the pract ical use of the p rog ramme more easy , a new vers ion , called MORSE-Ε, has been developed by ESIS. This vers ion may be applied without any programming effort . It keeps a sufficient flexibility, and has running t imes that a r e not substantially g r e a t e r than those needed to p rocess the par t ic le h i s t o r i e s . The use r may choose among severa l source geomet r i e s desc r ibed in the following sec t ion . MORSE-Ε calculates par t ic le fluxes and react ion ra t e s averaged over the volume of the zones requested by the u s e r (see section 3); the cor responding s tandard devia t ion is a l so computed. 2 . SOURCE GEOMETRY MORSE-Ε may consider isotropic s o u r c e s , uniformely d i s t r i b u t e d over a vo lume. The geometry of the source can be one of the th ree following: a) Para l le lepiped b) Sphere c) Cylinder In the f i r s t c a s e , the paral lelepiped mus t have its faces pa ra l l e l to the coordinate planes; pa r t i cu la r cases may be a rec tangle (one side is equal ze ro ) , or a segment of a s t ra ight line (two sides equal z e r o ) . The second case includs spher ical she l l s ; these a r e defined by the coordinates of the cent re and by the inner and outer radius of the s h e l l . The cylinder mus t have its axis paral le l to one of the coordinate a x e s , x, y or ζ . The m o r e genera l case is that of a cyl indr ical shel l with inner radius Ro and outer radius R ; par t icular ca ses m a y b e the d isk (height equals zero) or annulus . Care should be taken that the source volume lies ent i re ly within the s y s t e m to be t r e a t ed . Only one source volume may be specified for each " run" (set of ba tches ) ; the case of more than one source volume may be dealt with in one job, containing a number of runs (NQIT in card Β of MORSE input) equal to the number of source v o l u m e s . In this way different sources may be t r ea ted in the same job . The re su l t s will be given separa te ly for each source volume; at each new run the code reads the data and pr in ts the r e su l t s for the new s o u r c e . 7 -3 . CALCULATION OF THE FLUX Fluxes and response functions a re calculated in those geometr ica l media that a r e requested in input. E the flux is needed in a cer ta in region of space , this region will receive a par t icu lar medium number that will be included in the l is t of the media for which the flux is wanted. A proper input table is used t o fix the correspondence (through the subroutine GTMED) between the media and the c ros s - sec t ions to be appl ied. The flux, in a given medium and group, is computed as the weighted sum of the paths t ravai led within that medium by the par t ic les belonging to that energy g roup . This provides the in tegral of the flux over the volume filled by that med ium. The corresponding s tandard deviation is calculated in the usual way (through the subroutines VARI, VAR2) from the resu l t s of severa l ba t ches . The normal iza t ion of the r e su l t s to a given value of the total source (EKONST in input) is a lso provided. 4 . INPUT OF MOR SE-E The input of MORSE-Ε is the same as that of MORSE, as descr ibed in appendix C of / 1 ~/, plus the se t of cards l is ted below that have to be entered after the "mixing c a r d s " X F . In MORSE-Ε we can dist inguish between "no rma l " media and "spec ia l " media; no rma l media are those for which a c r o s s - s e c t i o n set is specified, special media a r e the o the rs , for which a c ro s s - s ec t i on set need not be specified, such as in ternal voids (MED-1000), ex terna l voids (MED=0), or albedo media, Normal media should be numbered in o rde r from 1 to NN1 . C r o s s - s e c t i o n sets a re numbered from 1 to NMED (card 3 ) . 8 -A tab le of c o r r e s p o n d e n c e b e t w e e n n o r m a l m e d i u m n u m b e r s and c r o s s -s e c t i o n s e t s m u s t be s e t u p for the s u b r o u t i n e G T M E D . The a n a l y s i s input da t a r e a d by s u b r o u t i n e SCOR IN a r e the fo l lowing : C a r d TA (15) NT N u m b e r of m e d i a for which the flux i s r e q u e s t e d F l u x e s m a y b e c a l c u l a t e d in n o r m a l m e d i a a n d / o r in i n t e r n a l v o i d s . C a r d TB (15) NN1 N u m b e r of n o r m a l m e d i a C a r d TC (1415) NXT. M e d i u m n u m b e r s for wh ich the f lux i s r e q u e s t e d ; ι NT e n t r i e s C a r d TD (215 , 2X, I5A4) NN1 c a r d s Ml N u m b e r of n o r m a l m e d i u m MX1 c o r r e s p o n d i n g n u m b e r of c r o s s - s e c t i o n s e t L A B E L A l p h a n u m e r i c i n f o r m a t i o n to ident i fy the m e d i u m One TD c a r d m u s t be e n t e r e d for e a c h n o r m a l m e d i u m ; the f i r s t w i th M l = 1, the o t h e r s in o r d e r up to Ml = NN1 . C a r d TE ( E . 1 0 . 0 ) EKONST N o r m a l i z a t i o n fac to r The fol lowing input is r e a d in for e a c h new r u n . The d e s c r i p t i o n of the s o u r c e is r e a d by s u b r o u t i n e S O U R G E . C a r d SA (15) IND = 0 P o i n t s o u r c e (the c o o r d i n a t e s a r e e n t e r e d in c a r d D) 1 P a r a l l e l e p i p e d 2 S p h e r e ' 3 C y l i n d e r E IND> 0 c a r d SB is n e e d e d . - 9 (IND = 1) C a r d SB ( 6 E 1 0 . 0 ) X l , X2 Y l , Y2 Source b o u n d a r i e s Z I , Z2 (IND = 2) C a r d SB ( 3 E 1 0 . 0 ) X I , Y l , Z I C o o r d i n a t e s of the c e n t r e of the s p h e r e C a r d SC (2E10 .0 ) RO Inne r r a d i u s of the s p h e r e R l O u t e r " " " " (IND = 3) C a r d SB ( 6 E 1 0 . 0 ) X I , Y l , Z l C o o r d i n a t e s of the c e n t r e of the b a s e of the c y l i n d e r RO I n n e r r a d i u s of the c y l i n d e r R l O u t e r " " " " Η Heigh t of the cyl ind .r If IND = 3 c a r d SC is n e e d e d . C a r d SC (15) LAX = 1 c y l i n d e r p a r a l l e l to Ζ a x i s = 2 " " II γ I I = 3 " " " X " The last part of input is read by subroutine NRUN and provides the calcula­tion of response functions by medium in the following way: 12 R = Ζ ? m F m g=n g g R = response function in medium m m _/ m . th . . j7 = flux of g group in medium m _ . . . . . , th F = coefficient for the g group II, 12 lower and upper-limit for the sum 10 C a r d ZA (15) NR N u m b e r of r e s p o n s e func t ions to be c o m p u t e d (NR^-0) NR s e t s of c a r d s ZB and Ζ C a r e e n t e r e d C a r d ZB (215A4) I I , 12 coef f i c ien t s a r e g iven for g r o u p s II to 12 i n c l u d e d TIT is p r i n t e d a s heading of the r e s p o n s e func t ion ou tpu t C a r d Z C ( 7 E 1 0 . 0 ) F v a l u e s for g roups II to 12 Input for the nex t r u n , if a n y , s t a r t s wi th c a r d S A . 5 . C O M M E N T S ON THE SUBROUTINES WHICH HAVE B E E N A D D E D OR CHANGED M O R S E - Ε u s e s 9 " u s e r r o u t i n e s " and 3 new r o u t i n e s . Wha t fo l lows a r e s o m e b r i e f c o m m e n t s . In M O R S E - Ε the s t o r a g e r e q u i r e d far the b l a n k c o m m o n i s i n c r e a s e d by the a m o u n t 3(NG + 1) NT + 2 · NN1 + NG NG = n u m b e r of n e u t r o n a n d / o r g a m m a - r a y g r o u p s b e i n g a n a l y s e d NT and NN1 a r e d e s c r i b e d wi th c a r d s TA and TB in s e c t i o n 4 . The a m o u n t of b l a n k c o m m o n ac tua l ly u s e d is p r i n t e d by the p r o g r a m . One new l a b e l l e d c o m m o n has b e e n i n t r o d u c e d : STAN; i t c o n t a i n s 19 v a r i a b l e s n e e d e d for the new c a l c u l a t i o n s . - 11 Subroutine B A NKR The par t i cu la r action of BANKR is that of incrementing by the quantity WTBC · ETATH the flux in a given medium and group each time an event of the type r ea l coll ision, a lbedo, boundary c ross ing , or escape occurs in that medium and g roup . Subroutine DIREC When path length biasing is employed, subroutine DIREC de termines the main di rect ion of propagation of pa r t i c l e s ; path s t retching will be maximum along this d i rec t ion . In MORSE-Ε the main direct ion is a s sumed to be the positive Ζ d i rec t ion . If path length biasing is not applied, DIREC is not u sed . Subroutine G Τ MED The correspondence between medium numbers and c ro s s - s ec t i on sets is es tab l i shed by this rou t ine . Subroutine SCOR IN It reads input cards TA to TE inclusive and pr ints out their content . Subroutine SOURCE This subroutine is called for each source par t ic le from MSOUR. The only change introduced is a call to subroutine SOURCE . Sub r outine_ SOURGE This is a new subroutine that provides the coordinates Χ, Υ, Ζ of a point drawn out from a un i fo rm dis t r ibut ion within a given vo lume. It reads input cards SA, SB and SC. 12 Subroutine S TR UN Called from BANKR at the beginning of each new ran it se t s to ze ro the a r r a y s that will be incremented, a t the end of each ba tch , with the fluxes and square of the fluxes of that ba t ch . Subroutine STBTCH Called from BANKR at the beginning of each batch it se t s to ze ro the a r r a y used to accumulate the flux of the ba t ch . Subroutine NBATCH At the end of each batch this subroutine is called f rom BANKR to add the fluxes and square of the fluxes of the batch into the p roper a r r a y s . Subroutine NRUN NRUN is called from BANKR at the end of the run . It ca lcu la tes the fract ional s tandard deviations (via subroutine VAR2) , n o r m a l i z e s the flux by dividing by the total number of pa r t i c l e s in the run , mul t ip l ies by the normal iza t ion factor EKONS Τ (card TE) , pr ints these r e s u l t s , r e a ds response function data from cards ZA, ZB and ZC, computes and pr in t s out the r e s p o n s e s . Editing of resu l t s is provided by the new subrout ines WRIT and WRIT1 . - 13 REFERENCES 1. E . A . St raker é t a l . The Morse Code - A Multigroup Neutron and G a m m a - r a y Monte Car lo T ranspor t Code - ORNL-4585 (1970). 2 . Report on the SECU Pilot Study to be published in Newslet ter No 17 by NEA-CPL 3 . V . R . Cain . SAMBO, A Collision Analysis Package for Monte Car lo Codes . ORNL-TM-3203 (1970). 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MORSE-E A New Version of the Morse Code ESIS. EUR 5212.

EUR 5212 e 
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
MORSE - E 
A NEW VERSION OF THE MORSE CODE 
ESIS 
by 
C. PONTI and R. VAN HEUSDEN 
1974 
Joint Nuclear Research Centre 
lepra Establishment - Italy 
LEGAL NOTICE 
This document was prepared under the sponsorship of the Commission 
of the European Communities. 
Neither the Commission of the European Communities, its con-
tractors nor any person acting on their behalf : 
make any warranty or representation, express or implied, with respect 
to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information 
contained in this document, or that the use of any information, 
apparatus, method or process disclosed in this document may not 
infringe privately owned rights; or 
assume any liability with respect to the use of, or for damages 
resulting from the use of any information, apparatus, method or 
process disclosed in this document. 
This report is on sale at the addresses listed on cover page 4 
at the price of B.Fr. 40. 
Commission of the 
European Communities 
D.G. XIII - C.I.D. 
29, rue Aldringen 
L u x e m b o u r g 
December 1974 
This document was reproduced on the basis of the best available copy. 
EUR 5212 e 
MORSE — E 
A NEW VERSION OF THE MORSE CODE by C. PONTI and R. VAN 
HEUSDEN 
Commission of the European Communities 
Joint Nuclear Research Centre — Ispra Establishment (Italy) 
Luxembourg, December 1974 — 14 Pages — B.Fr. 40.— 
This report describes a version of the MORSE code which has been 
written to facilitate the practical use of this programme. MORSE-Ε is 
a ready-to-use version that does not require particular programming 
efforts to adapt the code to the problem to be solved. It treats source 
volumes of different geometrical shapes. 
MORSE-Ε calculates the flux of particles as the sum of the paths 
travelled within a given volume; the corresponding relative errors are 
also provided. 
EUR 5212 e 
MORSE — E 
A NEW VERSION OP THE MORSE CODE by C. PONTI and R. VAN 
HEUSDEN 
Commission of the European Communities 
Joint Nuclear Research Centre — Ispra Establishment (Italy) 
Luxembourg, December 1974 — 14 Pages — B.Fr. 40.— 
This report describes a version of the MORSE code which has been 
written to facilitate the practical use of this programme. MORSE-Ε is 
a ready-to-use version that does not require particular programming 
efforts to adapt the code to the problem to be solved. It treats source 
volumes of different geometrical shapes. 
MORSE-Ε calculates the flux of particles as the sum of the paths 
travelled within a given volume; the corresponding relative errors are 
also provided. 
EUR 5212 e 
MORSE — E 
A NEW VERSION OF THE MORSE CODE by C. PONTI and R. VAN 
HEUSDEN 
Commission of the European Communities 
Joint Nuclear Research Centre — Ispra Establishment (Italy) 
Luxembourg, December 1974 — 14 Pages — B.Fr. 40.— 
This report describes a version of the MORSE code which has been 
written to facilitate the practical use of this programme. MORSE-Ε is 
a ready-to-use version that does not require particular programming 
efforts to adapt the code to the problem to be solved. It treats source 
volumes of different geometrical shapes. 
MORSE-Ε calculates the flux of particles as the sum of the paths 
travelled within a given volume; the corresponding relative errors are 
also provided. 

EUR 5212 
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 
MORSE-E 
A NEW VERSION OF THE MORSE CODE 
ESIS 
by 
C. PONTI and R. VAN HEUSDEN 
1974 
Joint Nuclear Research Centre 
Ispra Establishment - Italy 
ABSTRACT 
This report describes a version of the MORSE code which has been 
written to facilitate the practical use of this programme. MORSE-Ε is 
a ready-to-use version that does not require particular programming 
efforts to adapt the code to the problem to be solved. It treats source 
volumes of different geometrical shapes. 
MORSE-Ε calculates the flux of particles as the sum of the paths 
travelled within a given volume; the corresponding relative errors are 
also provided. 
- 3 -
CONTENT 
Page 
1 . Introduction 3 
2 . Source geometry 4 
3 . Calculation of the flux 5 
4 . Input of MORSE-E 5 
5 . Comments on the subroutines which have been added or changed 8 
6. References 11 

1 . INTRODUCTION 
The Monte Carlo code MORSE / 1 / , which has been in use since 1970, is 
well known. Its flexibility leads to adequate solutions to many problems; 
in pa r t i cu la r its ability to deal with 3D i r r egu l a r geome t r i e s , with coupled 
n e u t r o n - g a m m a - r a y p rob lems , with albedo su r faces , and the application 
of suitable variance reduction techniques, is very useful in shielding applica­
tions . 
F u r t h e r m o r e the Monte Car lo method offers grea t accuracy in the d e s c r i p ­
tion of physical phenomena, and is essent ia l ly free from numer ica l e r r o r s . 
All these qualit ies should great ly inc rease the application and the use of 
Monte Car lo codes within the shielding communi ty . 
It a p p e a r s , however, that these codes a re not widely u sed . In Europe , in 
pa r t i cu l a r , only a few people have exper ience of the Monte Car lo codes 
available for distr ibut ion, and only in three instal lat ions has exper ience 
of the use of MORSE been developed / 2 / . One of the reasons for the l imited 
use of this code is in the work that one has to do to adapt the code to the 
par t i cu la r problem that one needs to so lve .Ra ther than a code in the tradit ional 
meaning of the word, MORSE can be considered as a very flexible set of 
subprograms that can be tai lored to solve any par t i cu la r shielding p rob lem. 
This work to " ta i lor" the code is nei ther t r iv ia l nor negligible and requ i res 
a detai led knowledge of the code . 
The use of the SAMBO package / 3 / may help in doing this work, but does 
not avoid it , and in general it is r a the r expensive in t e r m s of machine 
t i m e . 
To make the pract ical use of the p rog ramme more easy , a new vers ion , 
called MORSE-Ε, has been developed by ESIS. This vers ion may be applied 
without any programming effort . It keeps a sufficient flexibility, and has 
running t imes that a r e not substantially g r e a t e r than those needed to p rocess 
the par t ic le h i s t o r i e s . 
The use r may choose among severa l source geomet r i e s desc r ibed in the 
following sec t ion . 
MORSE-Ε calculates par t ic le fluxes and react ion ra t e s averaged over the 
volume of the zones requested by the u s e r (see section 3); the cor responding 
s tandard devia t ion is a l so computed. 
2 . SOURCE GEOMETRY 
MORSE-Ε may consider isotropic s o u r c e s , uniformely d i s t r i b u t e d over a 
vo lume. The geometry of the source can be one of the th ree following: 
a) Para l le lepiped 
b) Sphere 
c) Cylinder 
In the f i r s t c a s e , the paral lelepiped mus t have its faces pa ra l l e l to the 
coordinate planes; pa r t i cu la r cases may be a rec tangle (one side is equal 
ze ro ) , or a segment of a s t ra ight line (two sides equal z e r o ) . 
The second case includs spher ical she l l s ; these a r e defined by the 
coordinates of the cent re and by the inner and outer radius of the s h e l l . 
The cylinder mus t have its axis paral le l to one of the coordinate a x e s , 
x, y or ζ . The m o r e genera l case is that of a cyl indr ical shel l with inner 
radius Ro and outer radius R ; par t icular ca ses m a y b e the d isk (height 
equals zero) or annulus . 
Care should be taken that the source volume lies ent i re ly within the s y s t e m 
to be t r e a t ed . 
Only one source volume may be specified for each " run" (set of ba tches ) ; 
the case of more than one source volume may be dealt with in one job, 
containing a number of runs (NQIT in card Β of MORSE input) equal to the 
number of source v o l u m e s . In this way different sources may be t r ea ted 
in the same job . The re su l t s will be given separa te ly for each source volume; 
at each new run the code reads the data and pr in ts the r e su l t s for the new 
s o u r c e . 
7 -
3 . CALCULATION OF THE FLUX 
Fluxes and response functions a re calculated in those geometr ica l media 
that a r e requested in input. E the flux is needed in a cer ta in region of space , 
this region will receive a par t icu lar medium number that will be included 
in the l is t of the media for which the flux is wanted. A proper input table is 
used t o fix the correspondence (through the subroutine GTMED) between the 
media and the c ros s - sec t ions to be appl ied. 
The flux, in a given medium and group, is computed as the weighted sum of 
the paths t ravai led within that medium by the par t ic les belonging to that 
energy g roup . This provides the in tegral of the flux over the volume filled 
by that med ium. 
The corresponding s tandard deviation is calculated in the usual way (through 
the subroutines VARI, VAR2) from the resu l t s of severa l ba t ches . The 
normal iza t ion of the r e su l t s to a given value of the total source (EKONST in 
input) is a lso provided. 
4 . INPUT OF MOR SE-E 
The input of MORSE-Ε is the same as that of MORSE, as descr ibed in 
appendix C of / 1 ~/, plus the se t of cards l is ted below that have to be entered 
after the "mixing c a r d s " X F . 
In MORSE-Ε we can dist inguish between "no rma l " media and "spec ia l " media; 
no rma l media are those for which a c r o s s - s e c t i o n set is specified, special 
media a r e the o the rs , for which a c ro s s - s ec t i on set need not be specified, 
such as in ternal voids (MED-1000), ex terna l voids (MED=0), or albedo media, 
Normal media should be numbered in o rde r from 1 to NN1 . 
C r o s s - s e c t i o n sets a re numbered from 1 to NMED (card 3 ) . 
8 -
A tab le of c o r r e s p o n d e n c e b e t w e e n n o r m a l m e d i u m n u m b e r s and c r o s s -
s e c t i o n s e t s m u s t be s e t u p for the s u b r o u t i n e G T M E D . 
The a n a l y s i s input da t a r e a d by s u b r o u t i n e SCOR IN a r e the fo l lowing : 
C a r d TA (15) 
NT N u m b e r of m e d i a for which the flux i s r e q u e s t e d 
F l u x e s m a y b e c a l c u l a t e d in n o r m a l m e d i a a n d / o r in i n t e r n a l v o i d s . 
C a r d TB (15) 
NN1 N u m b e r of n o r m a l m e d i a 
C a r d TC (1415) 
NXT. M e d i u m n u m b e r s for wh ich the f lux i s r e q u e s t e d ; 
ι 
NT e n t r i e s 
C a r d TD (215 , 2X, I5A4) NN1 c a r d s 
Ml N u m b e r of n o r m a l m e d i u m 
MX1 c o r r e s p o n d i n g n u m b e r of c r o s s - s e c t i o n s e t 
L A B E L A l p h a n u m e r i c i n f o r m a t i o n to ident i fy the m e d i u m 
One TD c a r d m u s t be e n t e r e d for e a c h n o r m a l m e d i u m ; the f i r s t w i th M l = 1, 
the o t h e r s in o r d e r up to Ml = NN1 . 
C a r d TE ( E . 1 0 . 0 ) 
EKONST N o r m a l i z a t i o n fac to r 
The fol lowing input is r e a d in for e a c h new r u n . 
The d e s c r i p t i o n of the s o u r c e is r e a d by s u b r o u t i n e S O U R G E . 
C a r d SA (15) 
IND = 0 P o i n t s o u r c e (the c o o r d i n a t e s a r e e n t e r e d in c a r d D) 
1 P a r a l l e l e p i p e d 
2 S p h e r e 
' 3 C y l i n d e r 
E IND> 0 c a r d SB is n e e d e d . 
- 9 
(IND = 1) C a r d SB ( 6 E 1 0 . 0 ) 
X l , X2 
Y l , Y2 Source b o u n d a r i e s 
Z I , Z2 
(IND = 2) C a r d SB ( 3 E 1 0 . 0 ) 
X I , Y l , Z I C o o r d i n a t e s of the c e n t r e of the s p h e r e 
C a r d SC (2E10 .0 ) 
RO Inne r r a d i u s of the s p h e r e 
R l O u t e r " " " " 
(IND = 3) C a r d SB ( 6 E 1 0 . 0 ) 
X I , Y l , Z l C o o r d i n a t e s of the c e n t r e of the b a s e of the c y l i n d e r 
RO I n n e r r a d i u s of the c y l i n d e r 
R l O u t e r " " " " 
Η Heigh t of the cyl ind .r 
If IND = 3 c a r d SC is n e e d e d . 
C a r d SC (15) 
LAX = 1 c y l i n d e r p a r a l l e l to Ζ a x i s 
= 2 " " II γ I I 
= 3 " " " X " 
The last part of input is read by subroutine NRUN and provides the calcula­
tion of response functions by medium in the following way: 
12 
R = Ζ ? m F 
m g=n g g 
R = response function in medium m 
m 
_/ m . th . . 
j7 = flux of g group in medium m 
_ . . . . . , th 
F = coefficient for the g group 
II, 12 lower and upper-limit for the sum 
10 
C a r d ZA (15) 
NR N u m b e r of r e s p o n s e func t ions to be c o m p u t e d (NR^-0) 
NR s e t s of c a r d s ZB and Ζ C a r e e n t e r e d 
C a r d ZB (215A4) 
I I , 12 coef f i c ien t s a r e g iven for g r o u p s II to 12 i n c l u d e d 
TIT is p r i n t e d a s heading of the r e s p o n s e func t ion ou tpu t 
C a r d Z C ( 7 E 1 0 . 0 ) 
F v a l u e s for g roups II to 12 
Input for the nex t r u n , if a n y , s t a r t s wi th c a r d S A . 
5 . C O M M E N T S ON THE SUBROUTINES WHICH HAVE B E E N A D D E D OR 
CHANGED 
M O R S E - Ε u s e s 9 " u s e r r o u t i n e s " and 3 new r o u t i n e s . Wha t fo l lows a r e s o m e 
b r i e f c o m m e n t s . 
In M O R S E - Ε the s t o r a g e r e q u i r e d far the b l a n k c o m m o n i s i n c r e a s e d by 
the a m o u n t 
3(NG + 1) NT + 2 · NN1 + NG 
NG = n u m b e r of n e u t r o n a n d / o r g a m m a - r a y g r o u p s b e i n g a n a l y s e d 
NT and NN1 a r e d e s c r i b e d wi th c a r d s TA and TB in s e c t i o n 4 . 
The a m o u n t of b l a n k c o m m o n ac tua l ly u s e d is p r i n t e d by the p r o g r a m . 
One new l a b e l l e d c o m m o n has b e e n i n t r o d u c e d : STAN; i t c o n t a i n s 19 
v a r i a b l e s n e e d e d for the new c a l c u l a t i o n s . 
- 11 
Subroutine B A NKR 
The par t i cu la r action of BANKR is that of incrementing by the quantity 
WTBC · ETATH the flux in a given medium and group each time an 
event of the type r ea l coll ision, a lbedo, boundary c ross ing , or escape 
occurs in that medium and g roup . 
Subroutine DIREC 
When path length biasing is employed, subroutine DIREC de termines the 
main di rect ion of propagation of pa r t i c l e s ; path s t retching will be maximum 
along this d i rec t ion . 
In MORSE-Ε the main direct ion is a s sumed to be the positive Ζ d i rec t ion . 
If path length biasing is not applied, DIREC is not u sed . 
Subroutine G Τ MED 
The correspondence between medium numbers and c ro s s - s ec t i on sets is 
es tab l i shed by this rou t ine . 
Subroutine SCOR IN 
It reads input cards TA to TE inclusive and pr ints out their content . 
Subroutine SOURCE 
This subroutine is called for each source par t ic le from MSOUR. The only 
change introduced is a call to subroutine SOURCE . 
Sub r outine_ SOURGE 
This is a new subroutine that provides the coordinates Χ, Υ, Ζ of a point 
drawn out from a un i fo rm dis t r ibut ion within a given vo lume. 
It reads input cards SA, SB and SC. 
12 
Subroutine S TR UN 
Called from BANKR at the beginning of each new ran it se t s to ze ro the 
a r r a y s that will be incremented, a t the end of each ba tch , with the fluxes 
and square of the fluxes of that ba t ch . 
Subroutine STBTCH 
Called from BANKR at the beginning of each batch it se t s to ze ro the 
a r r a y used to accumulate the flux of the ba t ch . 
Subroutine NBATCH 
At the end of each batch this subroutine is called f rom BANKR to add 
the fluxes and square of the fluxes of the batch into the p roper a r r a y s . 
Subroutine NRUN 
NRUN is called from BANKR at the end of the run . It ca lcu la tes the 
fract ional s tandard deviations (via subroutine VAR2) , n o r m a l i z e s the flux 
by dividing by the total number of pa r t i c l e s in the run , mul t ip l ies by the 
normal iza t ion factor EKONS Τ (card TE) , pr ints these r e s u l t s , r e a ds 
response function data from cards ZA, ZB and ZC, computes and pr in t s 
out the r e s p o n s e s . 
Editing of resu l t s is provided by the new subrout ines WRIT and WRIT1 . 
- 13 
REFERENCES 
1. E . A . St raker é t a l . 
The Morse Code - A Multigroup Neutron and G a m m a - r a y 
Monte Car lo T ranspor t Code - ORNL-4585 (1970). 
2 . Report on the SECU Pilot Study 
to be published in Newslet ter No 17 by NEA-CPL 
3 . V . R . Cain . SAMBO, A Collision Analysis Package for 
Monte Car lo Codes . ORNL-TM-3203 (1970). 

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MORSE-E A New Version of the Morse Code ESIS. EUR 5212.

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