We will estimate how retracted research spreads through citation. Our goal is to understand how retracted research gets cited and used using the citation network for one particular article, Matsuyama et al. 2005, about a clinical trial with falsified data. 

We will update its citation network from 2014-2018, following the methods of the published paper "Persistent citation of the only published randomised controlled trial of Omega-3 supplementation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease six years after its retraction".Ope

Schneider, Jodi

Ye, Di

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Tracing persistent citation of a retracted clinical trial with faked data

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Presenter: Di Ye1; Advisor: Dr. Jodi Schneider21 - Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 2 - School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Tracing Persistent Citations of a Retracted Clinical Trial with Faked DataReferencesBastian M, Heymann S, Jacomy M. Gephi: an open source software for exploring and manipulating networks. Proc Int AAAI Conf Weblogs Soc Media (ICWSM). 2009 May 17;8(2009):361-2. Chen C, Hu Z, Milbank J, Schultz T. A visual analytic study of retracted articles in scientific literature. J Assoc Inf SciTechnol. 2013 Feb;64(2):234-53. doi:10.1002/asi.22755Fulton AS, Coates AM, Williams MT, Howe PR, Hill AM. Persistent citation of the only published randomisedcontrolled trial of omega-3 supplementation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease six years after its retraction. Publications. 2015 Feb 11;3(1):17-26. doi:10.3390/publications3010017 Harzing, AW. Publish or Perish. 2007. Available from https://harzing.com/resources/publish-or-perishResnik DB, Dinse GE. Scientific retractions and corrections related to misconduct findings. AMA J Ethics. 2013 Jan 1;39(1):46-50. doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100766Source Paper & Its Retraction NoticeMatsuyama W, Mitsuyama H, Watanabe M, Oonakahara K, Higashimoto I, Osame M, and Arimura K. Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on inflammatory markers in COPD. Chest. 2005;128(6):3817-27. doi:10.1378/chest.128.6.3817 RETRACTEDChest. 2008 Oct;134(4):893. Retraction. Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on Retraction of Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on inflammatory markers in COPD. [Chest. 2005] PMID: 18842931 doi.org/10.1016/S0012-3692(08)60339-6Additional references for citing sentences results tableLaudisio A, Costanzo L, Di Gioia C, Delussu A, Traballesi M, Gemma, Antonella, Raffaele AI. Dietary intake of elderly outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2016;64:75-81. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2016.01.006. Pison C, Pichard C, Moinard C, Roth H, Cano N. Nutrition et maladie respiratoire chronique. Chapter 76. In QuilliotD, Thibault R, Bachmann P, Guex E, Zéanandin G, Coti-Bertrand P. Traité de Nutrition Clinique. Paris: SFNEP. 2016;1163-79.Sun B, Luo C, Cui W, Sun J, He Z. Chemotherapy agent-unsaturated fatty acid prodrugs and prodrug-nanoplatforms for cancer chemotherapy. J Control Release. 2017;264:145-159. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.08.034IntroductionRetraction formally removes a paper from the scientific literature. Papers may be retracted due to error, plagiarism, falsification and fabrication of data, etc. •Retraction may take 22-28 months (Chen, 2013).•Papers may continue to be cited for years after the retraction.•About 1/3 of papers cited in federal misconduct cases are never retracted (Resnik et al., 2013).Methods Conclusions• The retraction was almost never mentioned. Since 2014, only 3/28 first-generation citations mentioned the retraction.• We found only 3 negative citations, and all mentioned the retraction. • Specific information unique to this paper is cited in 11 first generation citations.• 22+ languages are represented in the second-generation citations, including a French nutrition textbook (Pison et al.)!• There is no indication of the retraction anywhere in:- the publisher’s page for the article - Google Scholar- CINAHL- Web of Science CoreDetermine whether databases clearly indicate the retractionSearch for the retracted paper by title in 10 different databases.More ✓’s is better.Fewer  ✗’s is better.Fewer N/A’s is better. Construct network of citing articlesEach paper is represented by a node.Citation is represented by an edge between two nodes/papers.Collect and annotate articles citing Matsuyama et al., 2005Collect all the first- and second-generation citing articles. Extract citing sentences.Annotate citing sentences: 1) Do they mention the retraction?2) Positive or negative3) Specific or in passingCase StudyRetracted Paper: Clinical trial with Faked Data (2005)Its Retraction Notice (2008)• Retracted papers should not be removed but should have a notice of retraction included. • Retraction notices should be clearly indicated in the abstract, full text and PDF. Incorporate and update previous study:Fulton et al. 2015In our study, we focus on annotating 28 post-2014 first-generation articles.ResultsNetwork of First and Second-generation Citing ArticlesNetwork of First-generation Citing ArticlesCategorization Citing sentences(Laudisio et al., 2016)1) Retraction Not Mentioned2) Positive3) SpecificOf notice, the consumption of total polyunsaturated acids was higher in participants with COPD. Indeed, it has been hypothesized that polyunsaturated fatty acids may have beneficial effects in COPD patients, and currently several intervention trials using polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in COPD are underway, which will provide substantial new evidence (Matsuyama et al., 2005; Atlantis & Cochrane, 2015). (Sun et al., 2017)1) Retraction Not Mentioned2) Positive 3) In PassingIn addition, according to the site of the first double bond in the alkyl chain, PUFAs are usually divided into two categories: omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (Fig. 2) [15,16]. (Sun et al., 2017)(Fulton et al., 2015)1) Retraction Mentioned2) Negative3) SpecificThis paper was retracted by the journal in 2008 [7], following an institutional investigation that found data had been falsified by the lead author. Research Questions• Does faked data contaminate further research? • How are databases contributing to the spread of retracted research?134 First-generation Articles: The articles citing the retracted paper Matsuyama et al. 2005.2715 Second-generation Articles: The articles citing the first-generation articles. (Blue/max size: most cited, Yellow/min size: least cited)Matsuyama et al. 2005Future Steps• Writing a paper aimed at Scientometrics• Advocating with publishers and database editorsNotifications of retraction and access pathways for databases listing Matsuyama et al. updated on October 17, 2018DatabaseNoted in Article Search RecordNoted in Search Record TitleNoted in HTML (full-text)Link to "Chest" Article (PDF)Link to "Chest" RetractionLink to "Chest" SiteRecord for the Retraction NoticeReference to the retraction notice Medline - Ovid ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓Medline - Clarivate Analytics ✓ ✓ N/A ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓1 ✓Embase ✓ ✓ N/A ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓CINAHL ✗ ✗ N/A ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗Scopus ✓ ✓ N/A ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓Web of Science -Core Collection ✗ ✗ N/A ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗Web of Science - All Databases ✗ ✗ N/A ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗Cochrane CENTRAL ✓ ✗ N/A ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗Google Scholar ✗ ✗ N/A ✓2 ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗Pubmed ✓ ✗ N/A ✗3 ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓4Notes: N/A: Not applicable (HTML full-text only applies when the database itself displays the article text.)1. Two records for the retraction notice2. Two cached PDFs are linked from Scholar’s "All 13 versions"3. Links to OVID which has HTML full text4. Links to the record for the retraction noticeMatsuyama et al. 2005

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Tracing persistent citation of a retracted clinical trial with faked data

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