This thesis provides an analysis of Unangax̂ (Aleut) mummification in the
context of their other methods of body deposition. It explores the hypothesis that
whalers and their families belonged to an ancient shamanistic whaling complex that
existed throughout coastal regions that practiced whaling. This thesis presents an
explanation pertaining to the reasons behind mummification and serves as an organized compilation of the most pertinent past and recent data regarding Unangax̂ mortuary
customs and rituals.
A multidisciplinary approach is used that combines social anthropological
theory, archaeological data, and ethnohistorical records. The known methods of
precontact body deposition are evaluated in contrast to mummification. It is suggested
that mummification proved to be the most complex of these methods and was reserved for the whaling elite and perhaps others of high rank in Unangax̂ communities. A
comparative approach based on ethnographic analogy further explores the metaphysical
relationship between hunter and whale. The geographical boundary for this study is also
widened because mummification was practiced in regions contiguous to the Aleutians.
Literature pertaining to the passage between life and death focuses on the
liminality of the soul. This concept is presented as one of the prime elements in
understanding mummification. The interpretation offered in this thesis builds on a
recent approach to this topic, which suggests that individuals were deliberately
mummified so they could remain in a state of persistent liminality in order to be
preserved for their power.
The findings of this thesis suggest that mummification in the Aleutians was a
key aspect to whaling. Whalers needed courage and power, and this was accomplished
through the use of mummified bodies of whalers and their lineage members that were
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secreted in caves to be used as magical talismans. This ancient whaling complex is
examined through the paradigms of liminality and shamanism. Members were initiated
into a spiritual and dangerous world, which thereby elevated their status in the
community. It is proposed that whalers also performed the mummification. This interpretation advances the study Unangax̂ mortuary rituals and sets the stage for further research