Finlay, Robin

Hall, Suzanne

King, Julia

LSE Research Online

City Street Data Profile on Ethnicity, Economy and MigrationThis data emerges from an ESRC funded project onSuper-diverse Streets:Economies and spaces of urban migration in UK cities (ES/L009560/1)This project is hosted by LSE Cities in the Department of Sociology at the London School of Economics and Political Science.By Suzanne Hall, Julia King and Robin FinlayDecember 2015Rookery Road, BirminghamSuper-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1)© p. 2PrefaceRookery Road, Birmingham : Super Diverse StreetsPhase 1, ‘Super-diverse streets’ data profiles, 2015The ‘Super-diverse streets’ project is an ESRC-funded research exploration of the intersections between city streets, ethnic diversity and economic adaptations in the context of accelerated migration (ref: ES/L009560/1). The research is based on a comparative analysis across UK cities and aims to explore how urban retail economies and spaces are shaped by and shape migrant practices. The first phase of this project incorporates a qualitative survey conducted in 2015, and focuses on four ‘super-diverse’ high streets: Rookery Road (Birmingham); Stapleton Road (Bristol); Narborough Road (Leicester); and Cheetham Hill (Manchester). Each street was selected for its location in an ethnically diverse as well as comparatively deprived urban locale. Furthermore, Birmingham, Bristol, Leicester and Manchester are amongst the UK cities that have the highest percentage of ‘country of birth’ citizens from outside of the UK, after London. From this grounded perspective we trace emerging capacities as well as old and new inequalities. We also record the diversification of bodies, spaces and micro-economic networks in a world that is increasingly mobile and bordered. In total, the face-to-face surveys across four streets incorporate 910 units, 596 units include retail, service and civic activities of which 480 are retail units and 68 units were vacant. 351 proprietors were surveyed. The data incorporated in this report includes the core of our survey in both tabular and graphic form. The purpose is to provide an overview briefing of the survey data itself. Analytic perspectives of how and why migrant proprietors arrive on these specific streets, and how and why their shops both flourish and fail, are developed in further papers. Our aim in disseminating the comparative data sets for each of the four streets, is to provide detailed data to inform debates and policy around: • the future of ‘British’ high streets; • ethnic minority and/or migrant enterprise; and • the role of historic and contemporary migrations in shaping cities and streets across the UK.  The Phase 1 survey of these four streets was conducted by Suzanne Hall, Robin Finlay and Julia King.- To cite this report, or to use an image from it: Hall, Suzanne, King, Julia and Robin Finlay (2015) City Street Data Profile on Ethnicity, Economy and Migration: Rookery Road, Birmingham, an ESRC report, November 2015.- To download companion reports, click on:  Stapleton Road (Bristol); Narborough Road (Leicester); and Cheetham Hill (Manchester). For further information on the Super-diverse Streets project please go to: https://lsecities.net/objects/research-projects/super-diverse-streetsSuper-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1)© p. 3ContentsIntroduction    p. 4City Locale    p. 5World to Street   p. 6Street Survey   p. 7 Histories of Arrival    p. 8Diverse Uses   p. 9Unit Variation and Value  p. 10Streetscape    p. 11Rookery Road, Birmingham Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1)© p. 4IntroductionRookery Road is located to the north-west of Birmingham city centre, and falls within the Lozells and East Handsworth and Handsworth Wood Wards. Drawing on the latest national Census data from 2011, 22.2% of those living in Birmingham were born outside of the UK, and this figure increases to 44.9% for those living in the Lozells and East Handsworth Ward. Rookery Road is within areas that are ranked as amongst the 10% most deprived in England, according to the Index of Multiple Deprivation, 2015. Key points to highlight with respect to our survey of proprietors along Rookery Road are:• Of the 348 units along the street, 102 are retail units, 27 are service units, 5 are civic units, with the remainder being largely made up of residential terraced-houses.• While 15% of the non-residential units were vacant, 65% of proprietors have remained on the street for 6 years or more.• 60% of 48 proprietors surveyed reported to have been in another area of employment before setting up shop.• Food-related retail accounts for the most prominent activity on the street (29%).• We recorded on average 3.4 jobs within respective non-residential units including retail, service and civic. Based on our average of jobs per unit, we estimate that there are approximately 456 jobs within the retail, service and civic units along the street. • Using survey input from 66 proprietors, 60% of those employed are reportedly non-family members.• There were 12 countries of birth represented among the 87 proprietors we surveyed. The highest representation of countries of birth amongst the proprietors include: UK (37%); India (21%) and Pakistan (11%). • Long-established retailers on Rookery Road include Asians born in Kenya and India, as well as those born in the UK whose parents came to Birmingham from India in the 1960s, by invitation of the British government. In the last 10 years, the origins of proprietors on Rookery Road include India, Pakistan, Iraq and Kurdistan.• 88% of proprietors speak more than one language, while 59% speak three languages or more.Rookery Road, Birmingham Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1)© p. 5(0 100 200km0 2.5 5km0 0.3 0.6km(0 100 200km0 2.5 5km0 0.3 0.6kmCity Locale(0 100 200km0 2 4km0 0.25 0.5kmEngland and WalesPopulation 56,075,912 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%OtherThe AmericasAsia | OtherAsia | IndiaMiddle EastAfrica | OtherAfrica | NigeriaEurope | OtherEurope | PolandUK86.7%4.8%2.3%0.5%4%1.2%0.3%UKEuropeAfricaMiddle EastAsiaThe AmericasOtherCountry of Birth(0 100 200km0 2 4km0 0.25 0.5kmLeicesterManchesterBristolBirminghamLondonN0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%OtherThe AmericasAsia | OtherAsia | PakistanMiddle EastAfrica | OtherAfrica | SomaliaEurope | OtherEurope | PolandUK55.1%1.7%2.6%1.7%4.3%1.5%10.3%16.1%6.6%0.0%UKEurope | PolandEurope | OtherAfrica | SomaliaAfrica | OtherMiddle EastAsia | PakistanAsia | OtherThe AmericasOtherLozells and East Handsworth WardPopulation 31,074(0 100 200km0 2 4km0 0.25 0.5kmRookery Road0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%OtherThe AmericasAsia | OtherAsia | PakistanMiddle EastAfrica | OtherAfrica | SomaliaEurope | OtherEurope | PolandUK77.8%0.9%3.7%3.2%1.1%5.2%5.8%2.2%0.1%UKEurope | PolandEurope | OtherAfricaMiddle EastAsia | PakistanAsia | OtherThe AmericasOtherBirminghamPopulation 1,073,045New StreetStationLozells and EastHandsworth Ward(0 100 200km0 2 4km0 0.25 0.5kmN NCountry of Birth Country of BirthRookery Road, Birmingham : Based on 2011 Census data from the Office of National StatisticsSuper-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1)© p. 6Rookery Road, Birmingham : A survey of proprietors by country of birth (2015)World to Street0m 50mSuper-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1)© p. 7FoodMiscellaneousCommercial Services (including health practitioners, accountants, solicitors)BeautyCivic (religious centre, community centre X2, fire station, school)ClothingTechnologyTotalRookery Road, Birmingham : A summary of core survey data (2015)Street SurveyTotal units (excluding residential) - 157Total surveyed - 87Total vacant units - 23Activities (excluding residential) Employment Figures Number of Languages Spoken Duration (excluding residential)Not full survey data 60%: 48 proprietors surveyed responded to the question: ‘What work did the proprietor do before trading in the shop?’*66 proprietors surveyed responded to the question: ‘How many employees are family or non-family members?’Experience of other occupationTertiary educationCountries of birth amongst proprietors – 12:Bangladesh, Cameroon, Ghana, India, Iraq, Jamaica, Kenya, Kurdistan, Pakistan, Poland, UK, VietnamFor our purposes, a proprietor incorporates the owner of a business including retail and services. We have also included civic services in calculations for employment figures, number of languages spoken, and duration. Total retail - 102 Total services - 27Total civic - 529%25%20%14%4%4%4%100%IndependentRetailSurveyed number of Jobs FamilyNon-FamilyAverage jobs per unitEstimated total number of Jobs86%24640%*60%*3.4456More than 13 - 45 +88%48%11%5 years or less6 - 19 years20 + years35%33%32%Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1)© p. 8Rookery Road, Birmingham : Duration of proprietors in relation to historic events (2015)Histories of ArrivalPakistanJamaicaKurdistan IraqUKPolandBangladeshIndiaKenya2015201020051970199519851975199920042008Global Financial Crisis051045+203040Asylum and Immigration Act (UK)EU enlargement (Europe)Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1)© p. 9Rookery Road, Birmingham : Activity on the street over time (2015)Diverse Uses0510452030402015201020051970199519851975duration of shopKEYTechnologyMiscellaneousServiceCivicBeautyFoodClothing32%33%35%20+ years6-19 years5 or lessshop units coloured by typeSuper-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1)© p. 10Rookery Road, Birmingham : The range of units and the market value (2015)Unit Variation and Value10m 20m4m0mTypical retail unitaverage rent: £500 / month *~ 55 sq mLargest retail unitconvenience food store~ 390 sq mSmallest retail unitfront half of standard shop~ 10 sq mnumber of employees (for ‘typical unit’ based on average from survey data)rental values drawn from ﬁeldwork including interviews with estate agents and tenants*Super-diverse Streets. ESRC Project (ES/L009560/1)© p. 11Rookery Road, Birmingham (2015)StreetscapeRookery Road, Birmingham (2015)

City street data profile on ethnicity, economy and migration: Rookery Road, Birmingham, an ESRC report, December 2015

http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/64797/1/Hall_SuperDiverseStreets_Birmingham.pdf

City street data profile on ethnicity, economy and migration: Rookery Road, Birmingham, an ESRC report, December 2015

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

LSE Research Online