Robin HambletonThe government has attempted to portray the ‘Devo Manc’ proposals for governance change in Manchester as a bold step towards the decentralisation of power in England. Here, Robin Hambleton, explains how the proposals actually represent an extraordinary boost to top down government in a state that is already one of the most centralised in the Western world

Whiteley, Paul

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11/7/2014The ‘Devo Manc’ proposals represent centralisation onsteroidsblogs.lse.ac.uk /politicsandpolicy/the-devo-manc-proposals-represent-centralisation-on-steroids/The government has attempted to portray the ‘Devo Manc’ proposals for governance change in Manchesteras a bold step towards the decentralisation of power in England. Here, Robin Hambleton, explainshow the proposals actually represent an extraordinary boost to top down government in a state thatis already one of the most centralised in the Western world.Until this week Prime Minister Thatcher stood tall as the unrivalled centraliser of power in Britishpolitics. Her Rates Act of 1984  enabled the central state to decide, over the heads of local voters,how much they would be allowed to tax themselves. In countries that value the importance of localdemocracy in society, such a centralising step is regarded as incomprehensible.However, with his speech on 3 November 2014, ‘Manchester to get directly elected Mayor’, Chancellor GeorgeOsborne hopes to introduce an era of hyper-centralisation into England, one that goes well beyond the Thatcheritecommand and control state of the 1980s. So startling is the proposal I suggest we need a new word to encapsulateit.The Osbornification of public policyTo Osbornify public policy involves introducing extraordinary measures to boost the power of the central state whilstall the time pretending that power is being decentralised. It takes political spin to a new level of deception. TheChancellor said his proposals to create a directly elected mayor for the Manchester conurbation, with powers overtransport, housing, planning and policing, would: ‘… give Mancunians a powerful voice and bring practicalimprovements for local people’. Not all bad, you might say.But he went on to state: ‘I want to talk to other cities who are keen to follow Manchester’s lead – every city isdifferent and no model of local power will be the same’. Think about it. The Osborne proposals involve Whitehalltaking three massive steps to centralise power:First, who is going to decide which areas of the country are to have these new governance arrangements?Answer: Ministers.Second, who will decide the criteria for devolving power to these lucky localities? Answer: Ministers.Third, who will be crawling over the detailed proposals individual cities have for urban development andsocio-economic innovation? Answer: MinistersThis is classic divide and rule tactics. Cities around England understand this well enough. However, at this point intime, they have few options. The solidarity of local government is a casualty as localities vie for the bespokeattention of ministers.A new era of differential treatment and micro-management?It is disappointing to note that the recent RSA City Growth Commission report on Unleashing Metro Growth saysnothing about the centralisation of power that would stem from their proposals. The Commission acknowledges (onpage 8) that ‘The UK is one of the most centrally driven countries in the world when it comes to tax raising andspending’. But it then goes on to advocate a ludicrously over-centralised model of decision-making. Under theirproposals individual cities will have to prepare detailed metro applications for devolved status.The dynamics proposed here resemble the dialogue that takes place between autocratic parents and their children1/3over pocket money. The government seems to be saying to cities – by the way counties and country areas are leftout of the loop completely which is another major flaw – if you do as I say you can have a bit more to spend.Learning from other countriesIn preparing a new book, Leading the Inclusive City: Place-based innovation for a bounded planet, I have been fortunate towork with some of the most innovative cities in the world todocument seventeen examples of bold and effective civicleadership. The Innovation Stories, drawn from fourteencountries covering all continents, show how powerful electedlocal authorities are advancing social justice, promoting care forthe environment, boosting local economies and strengtheningcommunity empowerment. Big cities, like Chicago,Copenhagen, Melbourne and New York City, feature alongsidesmaller cities and localities, like Freiburg, Malmo and Curitiba.The analysis shows that remarkable improvements in the qualityof life can be achieved if central governments get out of the wayand let independent, locally accountable local leaders get onwith the job. In addition, the evidence shows that liberated localgovernments exercising major powers attract much higherturnout in local elections. In recent years, with local voterturnout hovering around the 31% mark, British local democracyis sick. It has now established itself firmly at the bottom of theEuropean league tables. In countries with powerful elected localauthorities and no overbearing central state the voter turnout inlocal elections is far higher with, for example, Germany at 70%,Denmark 72% and Sweden 79%.How to avoid OsbornificationIf Osbornification is to be consigned to history there needs to be a significant rebalancing of power within England.As in every other respected democracy local governments need to be accountable downwards to their citizens, notupwards to distant ministers and civil servants in Whitehall.On 18 September Scotland came close to breaking away from the UK. The lively referendum campaigndemonstrated truly massive frustration with the excessive centralisation of the British state. Believing that adjustingvoting arrangements in Westminster – the so-called ‘English Votes for English Laws’ debate – represents anappropriate response is to demonstrate a startling lack of understanding of what is called for.We need a radical overhaul of the UK constitution. This requires, almost certainly, the creation of a constitutionalconvention – one that takes account of the voices of civil society, local government and the regions, as well as thepolitical parties. The evidence presented in my book suggests that such a convention would be wise to considerthree avenues for reform:First, local government should have constitutional protection from an autocratic central state, as in, forexample, Germany.Second, the financing of elected local governments should be restructured so that local authorities raise atleast half of their revenue from local taxes. In Sweden, for example, 80% of citizens pay no income tax tocentral government. All citizens pay a local income tax with the result that Swedish local authorities raise 70%of their revenue from local taxes.2/3Third, the powers of all local authorities, not a selected group, should be strengthened markedly. For cityregions and county regions, clusters of local authorities should be granted strategic powers relating totransport, planning, housing and economic development.In addition, the convention should adopt an international approach. There are hundreds of thousands of localauthorities in the world today and many of them are having a highly beneficial impact on the local quality of life. Theypromote civic pride, social innovation and place-based creativity. English local authorities can do the same.This article draws on arguments that are set out in more detail in a new book: Leading the Inclusive City. Place-based innovation for a bounded planetNote: This article gives the views of the author, and not the position of the British Politics and Policy blog, nor of theLondon School of Economics. Please read our comments policy before posting. Featured image credit: RichardHeyes CC BY 2.0About the AuthorRobin Hambleton BA, MA, PhD, MRTPI, FRSA is Professor of City Leadership in the Centre forSustainable Planning and Environments, Faculty of Environment and Technology at the University ofthe West of England, Bristol and Director of Urban Answers – a UK based company:http://www.urbananswers.co.uk 3/3

The ‘Devo Manc’ proposals represent centralisation on steroids

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