In this response, Nicola Lacey enters into dialogue with the symposium contributors, identifying and commenting on some of the key themes which they have raised about the treatment of criminal responsibility in her book. These include the problematization of progress narratives; criminal law’s capacity to counter—and to reinforce—inequality; the scope for further development of gender and comparative analysis; the appropriate degree of contextualization; and the relationship between historical interpretation and philosophical analysis in the methodology of criminal law theory