Since its citizens feel no allegiance to the EU, argues Alan Sked in the second of two posts for LSE BrexitVote, it promotes an artificial European nationalism through its propaganda arm, DG Communications. This costly exercise – and the EU’s pacifist stance – mask a fundamental impotence, which is revealed in the piteous state of the German and Dutch armies

Sked, Alan

LSE Research Online

08/06/2016Alan Sked on the EU, part two: propaganda and pacifismfrom a toothless entityblogs.lse.ac.uk /brexit/2016/06/08/alan-sked-on-the-eu-part-two-propaganda-and-pacifism-from-a-toothless-entity/Since its citizens feel no allegiance to the EU, argues Alan Sked in the second of two posts for LSEBrexitVote, it promotes an artificial European nationalism through its propaganda arm, DGCommunications. This costly exercise – and the EU’s pacifist stance – mask a fundamentalimpotence, which is revealed in the piteous state of the German and Dutch armies.Despite the dreamers in the pro-European camp, the EU clearly has no notion of ‘post-national’ politics. It represents no vision of a new international order. It merely sees itself as anew, but – crucially – bigger nation state, desperate to promote an artificial Europeannationalism through symbols and especially propaganda. This is absolutely vital, for few if anypeople in Europe wave EU flags about at football matches or popular gatherings. There is no European nation ordemos on which to base a European nation-state or democracy.EU symbols. Photo: public domainHence the observations of that keenest of European commentators, Timothy Garton Ash of Oxford University andthe Guardian, writing last year:‘European democracy remains national, and behind that truth is an ever deeper fact: there is hardlyany more of a European public sphere today than when I started studying Europe 40 years ago.There is a thin layer of publications that reach a small, educated audience across the continent, butmost people still get the bulk of their news and views from national media—even when there is ashared language.  In Vienna recently I was told how much of Austrian coverage of Greece differed intone from that in Germany.’He continued:1/4‘“Among a people without fellow-feeling, especially if they read and speak different languages,” wroteJohn Stuart Mill, ”the united public opinion necessary to the working of representative governmentcannot exist.” Europe has yet to prove him wrong. I have been in six European countries over thepast six weeks, and the lack of fellow-feeling between them has been painful to observe.’His comments explain the EU’s obsession with propaganda and self-promotion, not to mention its desperate, almostpathetic, yet constant attempts to justify itself.  The more these attempts to manufacture an artificial Europeannationalism fail (pace Garton Ash) the more money it spends trying to succeed. Today the EU spends over £500mannually promoting itself and produces thousands of publications, videos, and information campaigns to do so. Itsadvertising budget is larger than Coca-Cola’s. The budget of the Commission’s Directorate-General forCommunications is actually larger than that of its Directorate-General for the Budget, which employs less than halfthe staff of the former. The Directorate-General for Trade employs only two-thirds as many staff.Europe Day in Moldova, 2011. Photo: JEF Europe via a CC-BY-NC 2.0 licenceMuch of the EU’s propaganda, sadly, is directed at indoctrinating schoolchildren—no doubt on the Jesuit model. Forexample, the Official Publications Office publishes children’s comic books in order to extol the virtues of the EU inprimary schools. According to the Brussels correspondent of the Daily Telegraph (10 August 2015), a comicpublished in 2000 to promote EU aid work cost £200,000. Another comic book, entitled On the Road to Victory, wascommissioned by the EU Directorate-General for the Budget and has a teacher tell a schoolboy: ‘What we mustremember is that money that countries invest in the European Union is more useful to all its citizens than if eachcountry spent it individually.’ It is available in 23 different languages.2/4On the Road to Victory. Photo: Public domainEU propaganda reaches practically everywhere. For example, in the introduction to his latest work on the EU, TheEuropean Union: An Obituary (Verso, 2016), Professor John D. Gillingham III, now at the Centre for EuropeanStudies at Harvard University, states: ‘Directly or indirectly the European Union has funded the bulk of the scholarlyliterature written about it…The many scholars, commentators, associated experts and like-minded journalists, whohave spent careers doing EU research are nearly all devotees of the Euro-cult.’According to the Sunday Telegraph, even the BBC was discovered to have been the beneficiary of EU funds:‘BBC’s Media Action (the broadcaster’s charitable arm) was paid £9.3 million between 2011 and2014, much of it to deliver the EU’s European Neighbourhood Policy. As part of this work, BBC MediaAction led a consortium of media companies under a three-year project which provided training forhundreds of journalists in 17 countries on the outskirts of Europe.’Reporters in the scheme attended ‘study tours to the EU in Brussels’ during which they were able to interview ‘topEU policy makers’. The federalist message is spread assiduously.The EU clearly wants to unite a continent in the same way that 19th century Italian nationalists united a peninsula.And just as they wanted Italy to become a great power, the leaders of the EU would like Europe to become asuperpower holding the balance between Russia, the USA and China. Horst Teltschik, the chief foreign policyadviser to the German Chancellor Helmut Kohl, used to argue that there should be a world balance of power andthat maintaining this is the role of the EU, even though, rather pathetically, it is in relative economic decline, has noarmed forces and has a pacifist outlook.Certainly, its legacy in international affairs is pacifism not peace. According to the Pew Research Centre, forexample, a majority of Germans would refuse to fight to defend Poland or the Baltic States. Nor do EU states seeminterested in defence. In 2015 the Scottish Daily Record reported that ‘soldiers are making their own “bang, bang”noises during training because they have no bullets. The Dutch army have been hit by an ammunition shortage andit is feared the playground-like situation could dent morale. Retired Major-General Harm de Jonge said the matterwas “extremely serious”.’A Dutch government, it will be recalled, fell from power in 2002 as a result of a damning report into the failure of3/4Dutch troops to protect 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys in Srebrenica from being massacred by Bosnian Serbsin 1995 in the worst single atrocity of the Bosnian war.Continuing the theme of a lack of interest in defence, in September 2014 a German parliamentary report leaked tothe German press and obtained by the Washington Post revealed that only one of Germany’s four submarines wasoperational, that only 70 out of its 180 Boxer tanks were fit for deployment, and that just seven out of the navy’s fleetof 43 helicopters were flightworthy. Operations in Africa and Afghanistan had also broken down due to helicoptermalfunctions. Such, according to the report, was the shocking state of Germany’s military hardware.All in all, therefore, despite its size, the EU possesses neither international weight nor democratic institutionalcoherence. One is reminded of Bismarck’s jibe about Italy: ‘It has a large appetite but poor teeth.’This is the second of a series of posts by Alan Sked for LSE BrexitVote. It represents the views of the author and notthose of the BrexitVote blog, nor the LSE.Alan Sked on the EU, part one: a superstate in the makingAlan Sked on the EU, part three: how Germany came to dominate the EUAlan Sked is Professor Emeritus of International History at the LSE.Copyright © 2015 London School of Economics4/4

Alan Sked on the EU, part two: propaganda and pacifism from a toothless entity

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