Technical note prepared by IUCN for the European Commission. This note has been drafted by a team of experts under the supervision of IUCN within the framework of the contract No 07.0202/2016/739524/SER/ENV.D.2 “Technical and Scientific support in relation to the Implementation of Regulation 1143/2014 on Invasive Alien Species”

Harrower, C.A.

Pagad, S.

Roy, H.E.

Scalera, R.

Schonrogge, K.

NERC Open Research Archive

Was the species transported by humans to the new region or did it disperse there under its own power?Was its dispersal via anthropogenic corridors (e.g. canals, tunnels, bridges)?Was the transportation intentional or unintentional via the movement of other organisms or goods?DispersalUnaidedNoAnthropogenictransportationCorridor YesWas the intention to release into the (semi)natural environment or to be kept in confined/managed situation?IntentionalEscape ReleaseintoconfinementInto(semi)naturalenvironmentIs the species ecologically associated with the organisms or goods transported?UnintentionalTransport -StowawayTransport -ContaminantNoYesWere the corridors terrestrial or aquatic?Interconnectedwaterways, basins & seasTunnels&land bridgesaquaticterrestrialWas the taxa released into wild for hunting/fishing?Was it for hunting or was it for fishing?Yes HuntingFishery inthe wildHuntingFishingWas the taxa released in order to control an organism or the environment or was it for another reason?NoWas it to control another organism or the environment?ControlBiologicalcontrolErosion control /dune stablisationControlorganismControlenvironmentWas the taxa released for conservation reasons?OtherreasonsLandscape/flora/fauna improvementYesWas it introduced by acclimatization societies or for similar aesthetic or “improvement” purposes?NoIntroductionfor conservation purposes or wildlife managementYesWas it released for use by humans?Release in naturefor useOther intentionalreleaseYesNoNoDid it escape from commercial farming or commodity production facilities?Did it escape from fur farms (including unauthorised release)?YesFur farms YesNoBotanic gardens /zoo / aquariaYesNoDid it escape from facilities where species are cultivated for timber or to produce wood derived products?Forestry YesNoDid it escape from domestic collections & aquaria (including unauthorised release)?Is it an aquatic plant or animal that escaped from aquatic “farming” facilities?Aquaculture&MaricultureYesNoIs it an animal imported directly as live food or live bait that subsequently escaped?YesNoYesYesNoPet / aquarium / terrarium speciesYesNoDid it escape from Botanic gardens, zoos or aquaria (excluding domestic collections)?Research &ex-situ breedingDid it escaped from research facilities or breeding facilities supplying specimens for research or education (e.g. lab mice)?Is it a plant and if so did it escape from private collections and/or ornamental planting in gardens & other landscaping?NoWas it cultivated for agriculture or was it for other reasons (e.g. medical, ornamental)AgricultureHorticultureIs it an animal that escaped from a situation were it was being farmed or used as a working animal?Live food&Live baitFarmed AnimalsAgricultureNoOtherNoYesIs the contaminated item a food or food product?FoodcontaminantIs the contaminated item seeds?SeedcontaminatedIs the contaminated item wood or timber from the timber trade?Timber TradeIs the contaminated item living plant material imported for the commercial nursery trade (including soil, substrate transported with plants)?NoNoYesYesYesNoIs the contaminated item habitat material such as soil, rocks, peat (including dead plant materials, leaf litter, mulch, etc)?ContaminatedNursery MaterialYesNoTransportationof habitat materialYesIs the contaminated item angling/fishing bait (live or dead)?NoContaminatedbaitYesIs the contaminated item a plant or plant product (e.g. cotton, linen, etc)?Contaminantof plantsIs the contaminated item an animal or animal product (e.g. leather, fur, wool, etc)?Contaminantof animalsNoYesNoYesDid the stowaways embark/disembark from transport vehicles directly or from the people / cargo being transported?Did the stowaway embark / disembark from people or their luggage?People&CargoWas the transport vehicle an aircraft?TransportVehiclesHitchhikersin / onplaneWas the transport vehicle a terrestrial transport vehicle (car, train, bus, truck, etc)?YesNoVehicles(car, train, ...)YesPeople &LuggageYesWas the transport vehicle a ship or boat?Was the species transported in ballast water, by hull fouling or by other means in or on the ship or boat?YesOtherHitchhikers onShip / BoatShip / BoatHull foulingShip / BoatBallast WaterBallastWaterHull foulingNoDid the stowaway embark / disembark from large transport containers or bulk freight containers?NoContainer / bulkDid the stowaway embark / disembark from  packing material (goods boxes, pallets, packing foam/pellets, etc)?NoYesPacking materialsDid the stowaway embark / disembark with  angling or fishing equipment?Angling / FishingEquipmentYesYesNoDid the stowaway embark / disembark withMachinery / equipment?Machinery / EquipmentOther meansof transportYes NoNoOther escapeOrnamental Is it a plant that escaped from cultivation either for agriculture or for other commercial reasons (e.g. medicine, ornamental)?YesNoIs the contaminant a parasite or pathogen?Parasites on plantsIs the host a plant or is it an animal?Parasites on animalsAnimalYesPlantNoNaturaldispersalWas the species transported by humans to the new region or did it disperse there under its own power?Was its dispersal via anthropogenic corridors (e.g. canals, tunnels, bridges)?Was the transportation intentional or unintentional via the movement of other organisms or goods?DispersalUnaidedNoAnthropogenictransportationCorridor YesWas the intention to release into the (semi)natural environment or to be kept in confined/managed situation?IntentionalEscape ReleaseintoconfinementInto(semi)naturalenvironmentIs the species ecologically associated with the organisms or goods transported?UnintentionalTransport -StowawayTransport -ContaminantNoYesReleaseWas the taxa released into wild for hunting/fishing?Was it for hunting or was it for fishing?Yes HuntingFishery inthe wildHuntingFishingWas the taxa released in order to control an organism or the environment or was it for another reason?NoWas it to control another organism or the environment?ControlBiologicalcontrolErosion control /dune stablisationControlorganismControlenvironmentWas the taxa released for conservation reasons?OtherreasonsLandscape/flora/fauna improvementYesWas it introduced by acclimatization societies or for similar aesthetic or “improvement” purposes?NoIntroductionfor conservation purposes or wildlife managementYesWas it released for use by humans?Release in naturefor useOther intentionalreleaseYesNoNoEscapeDid it escape from commercial farming or commodity production facilities?Did it escape from fur farms (including unauthorised release)?YesFur farms YesNoBotanic gardens /zoo / aquariaYesNoDid it escape from facilities where species are cultivated for timber or to produce wood derived products?Forestry YesNoDid it escape from domestic collections & aquaria (including unauthorised release)?Is it an aquatic plant or animal that escaped from aquatic “farming” facilities?Aquaculture&MaricultureYesNoIs it an animal imported directly as live food or live bait that subsequently escaped?YesNoYesYesNoPet / aquarium / terrarium speciesYesNoDid it escape from Botanic gardens, zoos or aquaria (excluding domestic collections)?Research &ex-situ breedingDid it escaped from research facilities or breeding facilities supplying specimens for research or education (e.g. lab mice)?Is it a plant and if so did it escape from private collections and/or ornamental planting in gardens & other landscaping?NoWas it cultivated for agriculture or was it for other reasons (e.g. medical, ornamental)AgricultureHorticultureIs it an animal that escaped from a situation were it was being farmed or used as a working animal?Live food&Live baitFarmed AnimalsAgricultureNoOtherNoYesOther escapeOrnamental Is it a plant that escaped from cultivation either for agriculture or for other commercial reasons (e.g. medicine, ornamental)?YesNoTransport -ContaminantIs the contaminated item a food or food product?FoodcontaminantIs the contaminated item seeds?SeedcontaminatedIs the contaminated item wood or timber from the timber trade?Timber TradeIs the contaminated item living plant material imported for the commercial nursery trade (including soil, substrate transported with plants)?NoNoYesYesYesNoIs the contaminated item habitat material such as soil, rocks, peat (including dead plant materials, leaf litter, mulch, etc)?ContaminatedNursery MaterialYesNoTransportationof habitat materialYesIs the contaminated item angling/fishing bait (live or dead)?NoContaminatedbaitYesIs the contaminated item a plant or plant product (e.g. cotton, linen, etc)?Contaminantof plantsIs the contaminated item an animal or animal product (e.g. leather, fur, wool, etc)?Contaminantof animalsNoYesNoYesIs the contaminant a parasite or pathogen?Parasites on plantsIs the host a plant or is it an animal?Parasites on animalsAnimalYesPlantNoTransport -StowawayDid the stowaways embark/disembark from transport vehicles directly or from the people / cargo being transported?Did the stowaway embark / disembark from people or their luggage?People&CargoWas the transport vehicle an aircraft?TransportVehiclesHitchhikersin / onplaneWas the transport vehicle a terrestrial transport vehicle (car, train, bus, truck, etc)?YesNoVehicles(car, train, ...)YesPeople &LuggageYesWas the transport vehicle a ship or boat?Was the species transported in ballast water, by hull fouling or by other means in or on the ship or boat?YesOtherHitchhikers onShip / BoatShip / BoatHull foulingShip / BoatBallast WaterBallastWaterHull foulingNoDid the stowaway embark / disembark from large transport containers or bulk freight containers?NoContainer / bulkDid the stowaway embark / disembark from  packing material (goods boxes, pallets, packing foam/pellets, etc)?NoYesPacking materialsDid the stowaway embark / disembark with  angling or fishing equipment?Angling / FishingEquipmentYesYesNoDid the stowaway embark / disembark withMachinery / equipment?Machinery / EquipmentOther meansof transportYes NoNoWas the species transported by humans to the new region or did it disperse there under its own power?Was its dispersal via anthropogenic corridors (e.g. canals, tunnels, bridges)?DispersalUnaidedNoCorridor YesWere the corridors terrestrial or aquatic?Interconnectedwaterways, basins & seasTunnels&land bridgesaquaticterrestrialNaturaldispersal

Guidance for interpretation of CBD categories on introduction pathways

http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/519129/2/N519129CRX.pdf

Guidance for interpretation of CBD categories on introduction pathways

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