Angadi, S.S.

Ball, L.

Chakraborty, T.

Cooper, H.

Evans, J.G.

Jain, S.

Jenkins, A.

Krishnan, M.

Krishnan, R.

Morrison, R.

Mujumdar, M.

Nema, M.

Rylett, D.

Sekhar, M.

Thayyen, R.

Tripathi, S.

NERC Open Research Archive

Main ObjectiveTo develop a network of field-scale soil moisture monitoring stationsacross India (COSMOS-India) using cosmic-ray soil moisture sensors (CRS;Fig.1). CEH are working in partnership with IISc Bangalore, IIT Kanpur,IITM Pune, UAS Dharwad and NIH Roorkee to develop the COSMOS-Indianetwork, and to deliver high temporal frequency observations of soilmoisture at the intermediate spatial scale in near real-time.COSMIC-ray soil moisture sensor (CRS) technology• Cutting-edge field scale (c. 200 m radius) CRS (Fig. 1) measure averagenear-surface (to c.25 cm depth) volumetric soil water content (VWC)over heterogeneous soils without contact (non-invasive).• VWC is inferred by counting fast neutrons which are naturallygenerated by incoming cosmic-rays, and are slowed or captured byhydrogen atoms contained primarily within water residing in the uppersoil profile.• CRS sensors are calibrated to local site conditions. Data aretelemetered over mobile networks and processed in near-real time.COSMOS-India network development• Three COSMOS-India sites were installed in Karnataka (Fig. 2) betweenFebruary and September 2015. The forth COSMOS-India site wasinstalled at IIT Kanpur (Fig. 2) in February 2016.• CRS sensors will be installed at UAS Dharwad, IITM Pune and NIHRoorkee (Fig. 2) by early 2017.• Three CRS sensors will be co-located with CEH eddy covariance towersat Berambadi (see example data shown in Fig. 3), IIT Kanpur and UASDharwad, providing direct observations of latent heat(evapotranspiration) and sensible heat fluxes, as well as netecosystem CO2 exchange, micrometeorology and soil physics.Example applications• Water resources, groundwater, irrigation scheduling• Hydro-meteorological, land surface and ecological studies• Ground-truth for remotely sensed soil moisture products• Flood and drought forecasting• Water use efficiency of crop productionR. Morrison1*, S. S. Angadi2, L. Ball1, T. Chakraborty3, H. Cooper1,  J. G. Evans1**, S. Jain4, M. Krishnan3, R. Krishnan5, M. Mujumdar5, M. Nema4, D. Rylett1, M. Sekhar6*, R. Thayyen4, S. Tripathi3* and A. Jenkins11. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), Wallingford, UK (*rosrri@ceh.ac.uk; **jge@ceh.ac.uk); 2. University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Dharwad, India; 3. Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur, India (*snt@iitk.ac.in); 4. National Institute of Hydrology (NIH), Roorkee, India; 5. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, India; 6. Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, India (*sekhar.muddu@gmail.com)Figure 2. Map showing current and forthcoming COSMOS-India sites.Figure 3. Examples of co-located measurements of precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), evaporative fraction (LE/LE+H) and COSMOS VWC at Berambadi, Karnataka. Note that a provisional calibrationprocedure was used to estimate COSMOS VWC from fast neutron counts.Figure 1. Cosmic-ray soil moisture sensors (CRS) installed at IIT Kanpur (left), Berambadi (centre) and Singanalur (right). More information on COSMOS:cosmos.ceh.ac.uk; Twitter: @CosmosCEHCosmic-ray soil water content monitoring: development of the COSMOS-India networkIndia-UK Water Centre Workshop, 29 Nov. - 1 Dec. 2016, IITM 

Cosmic-ray soil water content monitoring: development of the COSMOS-India network

http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/515308/1/N515308PO.pdf

Cosmic-ray soil water content monitoring: development of the COSMOS-India network

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