This report describes the GSI3D model of simplified bedrock of the Moray Ness region, from Inverness in the west to just west of Buckie in the east. The model was constructed to provide an aid in the modelling of how ground water flowed within this region

Arkley, S.L.B.

Finlayson, A.G.

NERC Open Research Archive

     Metadata Report for the Moray Ness Regional GSI3D Model  Geology and Regional Geophysics Scotland OR/14/065             BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Geology and Regional Geophysics Scotland OR/14/065    The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database rights 2014. Ordnance Survey Licence No. 100021290.  Keywords GSI3D model, Moray Ness, bedrock National Grid Reference SW corner 260044 831847 NE corner 342319 868995 Front cover Geological units exploded as shown in 3D window of GSI3D, vertical exaggeration x 5, looking northeast. Bibliographical reference MODEL METADATA REPORT FOR THE MORAY NESS REGIONAL GSI3D MODEL. Finlayson, A.G  and Arkley, S.L.B. British Geological Survey Open Report, OR/14/065, 14pp Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail ipr@bgs.ac.uk. You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. Maps and diagrams in this book use topography based on Ordnance Survey mapping.  Model metadata report for the Moray Ness Regional GSI3D model Finlayson, A G  and Arkley, S L B   Contributor Callaghan, E A     © NERC 2014. All rights reserved Keyworth, Nottingham   British Geological Survey   2014 The full range of our publications is available from BGS shops at Nottingham, Edinburgh, London and Cardiff (Welsh publications only) see contact details below or shop online at www.geologyshop.com The London Information Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation. We publish an annual catalogue of our maps and other publications; this catalogue is available online or from any of the BGS shops. The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the surrounding continental shelf, as well as basic research projects. It also undertakes programmes of technical aid in geology in developing countries. The British Geological Survey is a component body of the Natural Environment Research Council. British Geological Survey offices  BGS Central Enquiries Desk Tel 0115 936 3143 Fax 0115 936 3276 email enquiries@bgs.ac.uk  Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham  NG12 5GG Tel 0115 936 3241 Fax 0115 936 3488 email sales@bgs.ac.uk  Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh  EH9 3LA Tel 0131 667 1000 Fax 0131 668 2683 email scotsales@bgs.ac.uk Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London  SW7 5BD Tel 020 7589 4090 Fax 020 7584 8270 Tel 020 7942 5344/45 email bgslondon@bgs.ac.uk Columbus House, Greenmeadow Springs, Tongwynlais, Cardiff  CF15 7NE Tel 029 2052 1962 Fax 029 2052 1963 Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford   OX10 8BB Tel 01491 838800 Fax 01491 692345 Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Colby House, Stranmillis Court, Belfast  BT9 5BF Tel 028 9038 8462 Fax 028 9038 8461 www.bgs.ac.uk/gsni/ Parent Body Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon  SN2 1EU Tel 01793 411500 Fax 01793 411501 www.nerc.ac.uk  Website  www.bgs.ac.uk  Shop online at  www.geologyshop.com    BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY  Contents Summary ....................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1 Modelled volume, purpose and scale ....................................................................................... 3 2 Modelled surfaces/volumes ...................................................................................................... 4 3 Modelled faults ......................................................................................................................... 4 4 Model datasets .......................................................................................................................... 4 5 Dataset integration ................................................................................................................... 8 6 Model development log ............................................................................................................ 8 7 Model workflow ....................................................................................................................... 9 8 Model assumptions and limitations .......................................................................................... 9 9 Model images ......................................................................................................................... 10 References ..................................................................................................................................... 11  Figures Figure 1: Map showing the extent of the modelled area ................................................................. 3 Figure 2: Cross-sections drawn for use in construction of the 3D model ....................................... 5 Figure 3: Construction of cross-sections as shown in 3D window, vertical exaggeration x 5 ........ 6 Figure 4: Location of boreholes (including field points and trial pits) ........................................... 6 Figure 7: Final model as seen in 3D window, the Quaternary unit (blue) occurs over nearly all of the area. Looking northwards, vertical exaggeration x5 ........................................................ 10 Figure 8: Final model exploded as seen in 3D window to show all layers. Looking northwards, vertical exaggeration x5. ......................................................................................................... 10  Tables Table 1: GVS showing modelled units ........................................................................................... 4 Table 2: Additional observation points collected during re-survey of Sheet 85E, Nairn. .............. 7 Table 3: Additional boreholes not previously entered into SOBI. .................................................. 8 Table 4: List of cross-sections which have been checked and altered. ........................................... 9  2    Summary This report describes the GSI3D model of simplified bedrock of the Moray Ness region, from Inverness in the west to just west of Buckie in the east. The model was constructed to provide an aid in the modelling of how ground water flowed within this region. 1 Modelled volume, purpose and scale  Figure 1: Map showing the extent of the modelled area, outlined in purple  The Moray Ness Regional GSI3D model covers an area of over 1200 km2; it is bounded to the north by the Moray Firth and to the south by higher ground where basement rock outcrops at surface, (Figure 1). The model was constructed to provide a calculated model framework for Zoom ground water flow modelling in relation to alleviating and preventing the threat of flooding in the region, see MacDonald et al, 2008 and Vounaki, Hughes and MacDonald, 2011. The model is suitable for scales up to 1:625 000, down to a depth of -400 m OD.   3  2 Modelled surfaces/volumes The GVS for the Moray Ness model was created from 5 bedrock geological units and 1 unit representing the Quaternary deposits, see Table 1. For export into the Regional Groundwater Model the units were combined into three groups, Superficial (QUU), Sedimentary (JURA, PRMT and ORS) and Crystalline (AZRU and UIIN).       Table 1: GVS showing geological modelled units  The modelled units were imported as ascii files.  W:\Teams\QES\QMMP\Data\MorayNessBasin_Data\Data\MorayNess-Region\RegionalModel_forGSI3d\REGIONAL_MODEL_FOR_ZOOM\GRID_EXPORTS  3 Modelled faults Although fault geology lines were imported into the GSI3D map window, no actual fault modelling was undertaken.   4 Model datasets General caveats regarding BGS datasets and interpretations can be described: • Geological observations and interpretations are made according to the prevailing understanding of the subject at the time.  The quality of such observations and interpretations may be affected by the availability of new data, by subsequent advances in knowledge, improved methods of interpretation, improved databases and modelling software, and better access to sampling locations. • Raw data may have been transcribed from analogue to digital format, or may have been acquired by means of automated measuring techniques. Although such processes are subjected to quality control to ensure reliability where possible, some raw data may have been processed without human intervention and may in consequence contain undetected errors.  name lithostrat_code code geological_unit quu QUU QUU Quaternary_deposits jura JURA JURA Jurassic prmt PRNT PRMT Permo_Triassic ors ORS ORS Old_Red_Sandstone azru AZRU AZRU Basement uiin UIIN UIIN Igneous_Intrusion  4  4.1 DATA LOCATION  W:\Teams\QES\QMMP\Data\MorayNessBasin_Data\Data\MorayNess-Region\RegionalModel_forGSI3d Digital Terrain Model (DTM) data The DTM used for the Moray Ness Regional GSI3D model is the NEXTMap® Digital Elevation Model (exported from the BGS data portal). The DTM was originally imported at a resolution of 10 m from the data portal but problems were incurred possibly due to the large file size. The resolution was decreased to 50 m.  Data (sections) The cross-sections were drawn as a ‘fish’ diagram with a main section through the model area and 7 cross-sections dissecting the main section at 90 degrees to it. The main section was drawn roughly following the route of the A96 road; four further sections were drawn parallel, north and south of this main cross-section, see Figure 2. An additional 14 ‘helper’ sections were drawn to aid in the construction of the GSI3D model, see Figure 3.  Figure 2: Cross-sections drawn for use in construction of the 3D model   5   Figure 3: Construction of cross-sections as shown in 3D window, vertical exaggeration x 5 Data (Boreholes) Borehole data were entered into the BGS corporate database, BGS Borehole Geology according to the project GVS. The borehole information was extracted via the Data Portal (07/08/2009) for the model area using interpreter ‘ECAL’ and in total there were 392 boreholes and trial pits. Boreholes were generally hung according to the DTM used, however where the DTM was affected by artefacts, e.g. trees, the boreholes were aligned with the contour values.   Figure 4: Location of boreholes (including field points and trial pits)   6  Data (Field Information/Points) Additional information was added to the borehole data extracted from the Data Portal, two different sources of information were collated, these being; field observation points which were collected during a period of re-surveying of sheet 84E, Nairn, see Figure 4 and Table 2, and also additional boreholes which had not been entered into the Single Onshore Borehole Index (SOBI), see Figure 4 and Table 3. Information on the deposits and thicknesses of these additional points were compiled into Excel tables and converted into ‘.bid’ and ‘.blg’ files for use in the modelling.     Table 2: Additional observation points collected during re-survey of Sheet 85E, Nairn.  7   Table 3: Additional boreholes not previously entered into SOBI.  Data (Geological) The superficial polygons were taken from the DigMap digital files: • sc0095 Elgin and Buckie superficial • sc085w Knockando superficial • sc094e Findhorn superficial • sc083e Beauly superficial • sc084e Nairn superficial • sc084w Fortrose superficial • sc085e Glenfiddich superficial  The bedrock polygons were interpreted from recent mapping projects and the knowledge gained from the senior geologist for the area.  Data (rasters and shapefiles) Topographic maps at 1:1 000 000 scale were extracted for the project area. 5 Dataset integration All data were brought together in the GSI3D modelling software where it can be viewed and interrogated in 2D and 3D. 6 Model development log The model was largely completed before the introduction of the new metadata format and a detailed log was not kept. Checks were undertaken throughout the construction of the GSI3D model and on completion the sections were checked before the model was released see Table 4.  8     Table 4: List of cross-sections which have been checked.  7 Model workflow The methodology for construction of models in GSI3D is described in detail by Kessler et al. (2008; http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/3737/1/OR08001.pdf). It principally involves construction of cross-sections between the best quality borehole data, (Figure 4), followed by envelope construction around the limits of the geological units.   8 Model assumptions and limitations • The model was produced for a hydrogeological modelling software package and the limitations were set by the users of this software, that is requesting only 4 units to be modelled. • The model does not reflect the full complexity of the superficial and bedrock geology. The model was constructed to show a simplified geological model for use in other modelling software and as such shows a basic interpretation of superficial and bedrock geology within the project area. • The NEXTMap® Digital Elevation Model may contain artefacts such as trees or artificial structures such as pylons. If any of these artefacts were found during the modelling then the effects of these were minimised in the model as much as possible.     9  9  Model images  Figure 5: Final model as seen in 3D window, the Quaternary unit (blue) occurs over nearly all of the area. Looking northwards, vertical exaggeration x5  Figure 6: Final model exploded as seen in 3D window to show all layers. Looking northwards, vertical exaggeration x5.        10  References British Geological Survey holds most of the references listed below, and copies may be obtained via the library service subject to copyright legislation (contact libuser@bgs.ac.uk for details). The library catalogue is available at: http://geolib.bgs.ac.uk. KESSLER, H, MATHERS, S J, SOBISCH, H-G, and NEBER, A. 2008. GSI3D – The software and methodology to build systematic near-surface 3-D geological models. (Version 2) British Geological Survey Open Report, OR/08/001. MACDONALD, A M, HUGHES, A G, VOUNAKI, T, GRAHAM, M T, LILLY, A, MANSOUR, M, and STEPHENS, C A. 2008. Groundwater and the Forres (River Findhorn & Pilmuir) Flood Alleviation Scheme, Morayshire. British Geological Survey Commissioned Report. CR/08/023. VOUNAKI, T, HUGHES, A G, and MACDONALD, A M. 2011. Regional and catchment scale groundwater models of the superficial deposits underlying the Moray Ness area: Initial results. British Geological Survey Open Report. OR/11/024.   11 

Model metadata report for the Moray Ness Regional GSI3D model

http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/509388/1/OR14065.pdf

Model metadata report for the Moray Ness Regional GSI3D model

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