This paper critically examines the major studies regarding both first (FLA) and second (SLA) language acquisition. In particular, the key similarities and differences between FLA and SLA are noted and described with regard to their relative significance. In doing so, the primary texts were analyzed in terms of psychological factors, cognitive processes, Critical Period Hypothesis, and Universal Grammar. Findings indicate that the processes of first and second language acquisition are sufficiently different from one another whilst also maintaining a distinct level of interconnectivity; notably with regards to the effect of the native language on the learning of the target language, which can be influenced by processes connected to Universal Grammar. (Abstract translated from Korean
