(CONTAM), EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain

Baert, Katleen

Bignami, Margherita

Bodin, Laurent

Chipman, James Kevin

del Mazo, Jesús

Gergelova, Petra

Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina

Hogstrand, Christer

Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron)

Leblanc, Jean-Charles

Marko, Doris

Nebbia, Carlo Stefano

Nielsen, Elsa

Ntzani, Evangelia

Oswald, Isabelle P

Petersen, Annette

Piersma, Aldert

Routledge, Michael

Sand, Salomon

Schlatter, Josef

Schrenk, Dieter

Schwerdtle, Tanja

Vleminckx, Christiane

Wallace, Heather

EFSA Journal

English

EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of aflatoxins in food. The risk assessment was confined to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFM1. More than 200,000 analytical results on the occurrence of aflatoxins were used in the evaluation. Grains and grain-based products made the largest contribution to the mean chronic dietary exposure to AFB1 in all age classes, while ‘liquid milk’ and ‘fermented milk products’ were the main contributors to the AFM1 mean exposure. Aflatoxins are genotoxic and AFB1 can cause hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in humans. The CONTAM Panel selected a benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) for a benchmark response of 10% of 0.4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day for the incidence of HCC in male rats following AFB1 exposure to be used in a margin of exposure (MOE) approach. The calculation of a BMDL from the human data was not appropriate; instead, the cancer potencies estimated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives in 2016 were used. For AFM1, a potency factor of 0.1 relative to AFB1 was used. For AFG1, AFB2 and AFG2, the in vivo data are not sufficient to derive potency factors and equal potency to AFB1 was assumed as in previous assessments. MOE values for AFB1 exposure ranged from 5,000 to 29 and for AFM1 from 100,000 to 508. The calculated MOEs are below 10,000 for AFB1 and also for AFM1 where some surveys, particularly for the younger age groups, have an MOE below 10,000. This raises a health concern. The estimated cancer risks in humans following exposure to AFB1 and AFM1 are in-line with the conclusion drawn from the MOEs. The conclusions also apply to the combined exposure to all five aflatoxins

Hoogenboom, Laurentius

Leblanc, Jean Charles

Oswald, Isabelle P.

NARCIS 

Risk assessment of aflatoxins in food

EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)

Aberdeen University Research

The annexes A to E to the Scientific Opinion on Aflatoxins in Food included in the upload are excel files as follows:


	Annex A: Dietary surveys per country and age group available in the EFSA Comprehensive Database, considered in the exposure assessment
	Annex B: Occurrence data on aflatoxins  
	Annex C: Proportion of left-censored data and the mean concentrations of the quantified analytical results of AFB1 for pistachios, hazelnuts, peanuts, other nuts and dried figs
	Annex D: AFB1 and AFM1 concentrations reported for organic farming and conventional farming in selected food categories    
	Annex E: Mean and high chronic dietary exposure to aflatoxins per survey and the contribution of different food groups to the dietary exposureEU; XLSX; contam@efsa.europa.e

EFSA CONTAM Panel

Dieter, Schrenk

Ntzani, Evanghelia

Schwertdle, Tanja

ZENODO

Annexes to the risk assessment of aflatoxins in food

NEUROSURGERY ENTHUSIASTIC WOMEN SOCIETY

The annexes A to E to the Scientific Opinion on Aflatoxins in Food included in the upload are excel files as follows: Annex A: Dietary surveys per country and age group available in the EFSA Comprehensive Database, considered in the exposure assessment Annex B: Occurrence data on aflatoxins Annex C: Proportion of left-censored data and the mean concentrations of the quantified analytical results of AFB1 for pistachios, hazelnuts, peanuts, other nuts and dried figs Annex D: AFB1 and AFM1 concentrations reported for organic farming and conventional farming in selected food categories Annex E: Mean and high chronic dietary exposure to aflatoxins per survey and the contribution of different food groups to the dietary exposur

Grasl‐Kraupp, Bettina

Hoogenboom, Ron

Oswald, Isabelle

EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of aflatoxins in food. The risk assessment was confined to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFM1. More than 200,000 analytical results on the occurrence of aflatoxins were used in the evaluation. Grains and grain-based products made the largest contribution to the mean chronic dietary exposure to AFB1 in all age classes, while 'liquid milk' and 'fermented milk products' were the main contributors to the AFM1 mean exposure. Aflatoxins are genotoxic and AFB1 can cause hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in humans. The CONTAM Panel selected a benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) for a benchmark response of 10% of 0.4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day for the incidence of HCC in male rats following AFB1 exposure to be used in a margin of exposure (MOE) approach. The calculation of a BMDL from the human data was not appropriate; instead, the cancer potencies estimated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives in 2016 were used. For AFM1, a potency factor of 0.1 relative to AFB1 was used. For AFG1, AFB2 and AFG2, the in vivo data are not sufficient to derive potency factors and equal potency to AFB1 was assumed as in previous assessments. MOE values for AFB1 exposure ranged from 5,000 to 29 and for AFM1 from 100,000 to 508. The calculated MOEs are below 10,000 for AFB1 and also for AFM1 where some surveys, particularly for the younger age groups, have an MOE below 10,000. This raises a health concern. The estimated cancer risks in humans following exposure to AFB1 and AFM1 are in-line with the conclusion drawn from the MOEs. The conclusions also apply to the combined exposure to all five aflatoxins

Del Mazo, Jesús

Hoogenboom, Laurentius Ron

Risk assessment of aflatoxins in food.

Web-based Archive of RIVM Publications

EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of aflatoxins in food. The risk assessment was confined to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFM1. More than 200,000 analytical results on the occurrence of aflatoxins were used in the evaluation. Grains and grain-based products made the largest contribution to the mean chronic dietary exposure to AFB1 in all age classes, while ‘liquid milk’ and ‘fermented milk products’ were the main contributors to the AFM1 mean exposure. Aflatoxins are genotoxic and AFB1 can cause hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in humans. The CONTAM Panel selected a benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) for a benchmark response of 10% of 0.4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day for the incidence of HCC in male rats following AFB1 exposure to be used in a margin of exposure (MOE) approach. The calculation of a BMDL from the human data was not appropriate; instead, the cancer potencies estimated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives in 2016 were used. For AFM1, a potency factor of 0.1 relative to AFB1 was used. For AFG1, AFB2 and AFG2, the in vivo data are not sufficient to derive potency factors and equal potency to AFB1 was assumed as in previous assessments. MOE values for AFB1 exposure ranged from 5,000 to 29 and for AFM1 from 100,000 to 508. The calculated MOEs are below 10,000 for AFB1 and also for AFM1 where some surveys, particularly for the younger age groups, have an MOE below 10,000. This raises a health concern. The estimated cancer risks in humans following exposure to AFB1 and AFM1 are in-line with the conclusion drawn from the MOEs. The conclusions also apply to the combined exposure to all five aflatoxins.Peer reviewe

Digital.CSIC

Nebbia, C.

Institutional Research Information System University of Turin

https://aura.abdn.ac.uk/bitstream/2164/13849/1/_CONTAM_et_al_2020_EFSA_Journal_VOR.pdf

Risk assessment of aflatoxins in food

Abstract

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NARCIS

Aberdeen University Research

ZENODO

NEUROSURGERY ENTHUSIASTIC WOMEN SOCIETY

NARCIS

NARCIS

Web-based Archive of RIVM Publications

Digital.CSIC

NARCIS

Institutional Research Information System University of Turin