We are very grateful to Professor G. Patane for the inspiration and financial support; S. La Delfa for assistance during the analysis. We also thank the Parco dell’Etna Staff who ensure the permission and regular support above the volcano. We would like to thank G. Vaccino and F. Zuccarello for the support during the field trip. Two anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved both the interpretation of the results and the clarity of the analyses. Finally, we are grateful to S. Castellaro, M. Neri, and G. Di Grazia for providing important methodological explanations, the DEM, and data of volcanic tremor during the period.Peer reviewedPostprin