Comparison of extraction methods for agriculture soil elemental analysis

Abstract

Tato bakalsk prce se zabv optimalizac­ postupu p­pravy vzorku pd z vinic pro prvkovou analzu metodou ICP-MS. Prvn­ Äst prce pojednv o prvkov© analze a jej­m vyuit­ v agrotechnice a ve vinastv­, popisem toxickch a nutriÄn­ch vlastnost­ jednotlivch prvk a legislativou definuj­c­ p­slun© koncentraÄn­ limity prvk v zemÄdÄlskch pdch. NslednÄ jsou popsny bÄnÄ u­van© metody prvkov© analzy jako jsou AES, AAS, rentgenov fluorescenÄn­ spektrometrie a ICP-MS. V dal­ Ästi bakalsk© prce jsou popsny metody odbÄru vzork a jsou diskutovny rozkladn© a extrakÄn­ postupy pro pravu vzork. Experimentln­ Äst prce se zabv porovnn­m vybranch extrakÄn­ch metod (extrakce 2M HNO3 za studena, extrakce 2M HNO3 za horka, extrakce LuÄavkou krlovskou a mikrovlnn rozklad smÄs­ HNO3 a H2O2). Tyto metody byly aplikovny na certifikovan© materily pd. Pro analzu extrakt byla pouita technika ICP-MS. Nejlep­ vsledky vykazovala metoda extrakce 2M HNO3 za horka. Tato extrakce byla nslednÄ aplikovna na reln© vzorky pdy z vinice.This bachelor thesis handles with optimization of preparation process of soil samples from vineyards for elemental analysis performed by ICP-MS. First part of the thesis deals with element analysis and its usage in agrotechnics and viticulture, description of toxic and nutrition properties of individual elements and legislation defining appropriate concentration limits of elements in agricultural land. Next part describes commonly used methods for elemental analysis such as AES, AAS, roentgen fluorescence spectrometry and ICP-MS. Finally, sampling methods and methods for sample preparation such as digestion and extraction are described. Experimental part follows up comparison of selected extraction methods (2M HNO3 extraction, temperature assisted 2M HNO3 extraction, aqua regia extraction and microwave-assisted digestion using mixture of HNO3 and H2O2). These methods were applied on certified reference materials. Extracts were analysed by ICP-MS technique Best results were achieved by 2M HNO3 extraction. This extraction method was subsequently applied on real soil samples from vineyard.