Fibonacci family of dynamical universality classes

Abstract

Universality is a well-established central concept of equilibrium physics. However, in systems far away from equilibrium a deeper understanding of its underlying principles is still lacking. Up to now, a few classes have been identified. Besides the diffusive universality class with dynamical exponent $z=2$ another prominent example is the superdiffusive Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) class with $z=3/2$. It appears e.g. in low-dimensional dynamical phenomena far from thermal equilibrium which exhibit some conservation law. Here we show that both classes are only part of an infinite discrete family of non-equilibrium universality classes. Remarkably their dynamical exponents $z_\alpha$ are given by ratios of neighbouring Fibonacci numbers, starting with either $z_1=3/2$ (if a KPZ mode exist) or $z_1=2$ (if a diffusive mode is present). If neither a diffusive nor a KPZ mode are present, all dynamical modes have the Golden Mean $z=(1+\sqrt{5})/2$ as dynamical exponent. The universal scaling functions of these Fibonacci modes are asymmetric L\'evy distributions which are completely fixed by the macroscopic current-density relation and compressibility matrix of the system and hence accessible to experimental measurement.Comment: 8 pages, 5 Figs (2 Figure revised, one new Figure added), revised introductio