Silibum marianum (Milk thistle) contains high amount of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of  phenolic compounds included in Milk thistle. The  antioxidant properties of the leaves and seeds of milk thistle were examined by determining its ability to scavenge the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The results obtained from DPPH assay confirm that Milk thistle extracts have high antioxidative activity.DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.5564/mjc.v15i0.323 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 15 (41), 2014, p53-5

Bayarjargal, M

Ganbaatar, J

Lkhagvamaa, E

Oyuntsetseg, J

Tamir, O

Tsiiregzen, A

English

Mongolia Journals Online

53 Mongolian Academy of Sciences Mongolian Journal of Chemistry The Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Technology Mongolian Journal of Chemistry  15 (41), 2014, 53-55 INTRODUCTION Silybum marianum (L.) Gaerth (Milk thistle) (Asteraceae family) is a medical plant widely used in a traditional European medicine [1]. The fruit of this plant is used in the form of liquid extracts for treatment of liver and gallbladder disorders, including hepatitis and cirrhosis, and to protect the liver against poisoning from wild mushroom, alcohol, chemical, and environmental toxins. The efficiency of the extracts from the Milk thistle fruit for a treatment of liver diseases actuated their examination in a chemical and pharmacological sense. Nowadays, standardized  mixture of flavonoids, known as silymarin or silymarin complex, is used as  hepatoprotective pharmaceutical preparations. Silymarin, in the form of standardized liquid or dry extracts, is used like mono- and polycomponent phytopreparations in combination with other medical plants with a similar effect [2].  Silymarin represents a mixture  of three isomers: silibinin, silidianin, and silicristin, with a molecular formula C25H22O10 and of the molecular weight 482.4 (Figure 1). Silymarin belongs to the class of natural substances with a benzodioxane group in a molecule, which originates in coupling of taxifolin with coniferyl alcohol. Because of this type of the connection within the molecule, this class  of compounds was named flavonolignans. Some researchers examined anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activity of silymarin and silibinin [3-4]. This plant species is successfully cultivated in many countries of the world including in Dornod province, Chuluunkhoroot soum, Mongolia, by Ereentsav CoLTd. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidative activity of methanolic extracts of the seeds and leaves of S. marianum cultivated in Mongolia.   MATERIALS AND METHODS Raw Material: Seeds and leaves of Milk thistle, cultivated in Chuluunkhoroot  soum of the Dornod Antioxidative activity of Silibum Marianum cultivated in Mongolia   J.Ganbaatar1*, О.Тamir2 , E.Lkhagvamaa1, A.Tsiiregzen1, J.Oyuntsetseg1,  M.Bayarjargal1  1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Peace ave., Ulaanbaatar,13330, Mongolia 2Ereentsav Co.Ltd, Dornod, Mongolia ARTICLE INFO:  Received 01 November 2014; revised 14 November 2014; accepted 28 November 2014  Abstract: Silibum marianum (Milk thistle) contains high amount of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of  phenolic compounds included in Milk thistle. The  antioxidant properties of the leaves and seeds of milk thistle were examined by determining its ability to scavenge the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The results obtained from DPPH assay confirm that Milk thistle extracts have high antioxidative activity.   Keywords: silymarin; Silibum marianum; Milk thistle; antioxidant activity  * corresponding author: e-mail: ganbaatar_jamsranjav@yahoo.com  DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.5564/mjc.v15i0.323  Fig. 1. Chemical structure of the most important             ingredients of S. marianum 54 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry  15 (41), 2014, 53-55 province (Mongolia) were collected and dried naturally. The voucher specimen was deposited in the herbarium collection of the Institute of Botany, Mongolian Academy of Sciences. After drying, each crude drugs were extracted by methanol and concentrated under reduced pressure. The solvent used for extraction process was in an analytical grade. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Antioxidant Capacity Measurement: The antioxidantive activity of the extracts was measured in terms of radical scavenging ability using the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl  (DPPH)  in  a spectrophotometric test according to the method described by Sanchez-Moreno [5].  DPPH is a stable highly colored free radical that can abstract labile hydrogen atoms from phenolic antioxidants with concomitant formation of a colorless hydrazine (DPPH-H) [6]. The free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) of an extract can be expressed as the percentage of DPPH reduced by a given amount of extract. In this experiment, 3.9 mL DPPH solution (0.0125 g in 500 mL methanol) was taken to mix with 0.1 mL seeds or leaves methanol extracts then the mixture was left in the dark at room temperature for 40 min. The control included only methanol (0.1 mL) and DPPH solution. The absorbance was measured at 517 nm against methanol as the blank.  The  total  FRSA  of  each  extract  was expressed as the percentage of DPPH reduced and was calculated by the following equation:  Where:  Acontrol is the absorbance of only DPPH solution and Asample is the absorbance of sample at 517 nm wavelength   RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Seeds and leaves of Milk thistle  usually used in medical practice . Antioxidant properties of seeds and leaves extracts were evaluated by determining their ability to scavenge the DPPH free radical. DPPH scavenging activity was expressed as an IC50 (sample concentration required to scavenging 50% of the DPPH radicals) in µg/ml. In figure 2 shown the linear regration of the leaves (a) and seeds (b) methanolic extracts of S. marianum. Seeds and leaves methanolic extracts of Milk thistle, cultivated in Mongolia exhibited high antioxidative activity that was identical to the research results of other scientists (table 1) [7].  The IC50 of the leaves of Milk thistle was higher (1800 µg/ml) than seeds (268 µg/ml). It means that the antioxidative  activity of the seeds higher than leaves.   CONCLUSION The results obtained from the DPPH assay confirm that Milk thistle extracts have high antioxidative activity. The IC50 of  leaves of Milk thistle  was higher (1800 µg/ml) than seeds (268 µg/ml). The antioxidant activity of the seeds prevails activity of leaves more than 6 times.  REFERENCES 1. Morazzoni P., Bombardelli E. (1995). Application of  Silybum marianum (Carduus marianus). Fitoterapia, 66(1) 3-42. 2. Rote Lste., Service Gmg H., Frankfurt/Main. (1966). Arzneimittelverzeichnis des Sample,  µg/ml DPPH  scavenging activity,  % IC50 (sample concentration required to scavenging 50% of the DPPH radicals), µg/ml Leaves 1600 43.7 1800 800 21.2 400 9.8 200 5.5 Seeds 800 86.4 268 400 71.2 200 40.7 100 23.2 Table 1. The IC50  of the leaves and seeds                 of S. marianum  Fig. 2. Linear regration of the leaves (a) and  seeds (b) of the methanolic extracts of S. marianum 55 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry  15 (41), 2014, 53-55 Bundesverbandes der Pharmazeutischen Industrie, ECV-Editio Cantor, Aulendorf/Wurtt  3. Manna S.K., Mukhopadhyay A., Van N.T., Aggarwal B.B. (1999). Silymarin suppresses TNF-induced activation of NF-k B, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and apoptosis, Journal of Immunology, 163 (12) 6800-6809. 4. Havsteen B. (1983). Flavonoids, a class of natural products of high pharmacological potency. Biochemical Pharmacology, 32(7) 1141-1148.  5. Sanchez-Moreno C., Larrauri J.A., Saura-Calixto F. (1998). A procedure to measure the antiradical efficiency of polyphenols. J. Agric. Food Chem., 76(2), 270-276. 6. Diouf P.N., Stevanovic T., Cloutier A. (2009). Antioxidant properties and polyphenol contents of trembling Aspen Bark extracts. Wood Sci. Technol., 43 (5-6), 457-470.  7. Ece Z., Seher K., Sezin G., Sebnem T. (2011) Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Silymarin components from milk thistle seeds (Silybum marianum L). GIDA, 36(6), 311-318 

Antioxidative activity of Silibum marianum cultivated in Mongolia

Silibum marianum (Milk thistle) contains high amount of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of  phenolic compounds included in Milk thistle. The  antioxidant properties of the leaves and seeds of milk thistle were examined by determining its ability to scavenge the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The results obtained from DPPH assay confirm that Milk thistle extracts have high antioxidative activity.DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.5564/mjc.v15i0.323 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 15 (41), 2014, p53-55</p

Antioxidative activity of Silibum marianum cultivated in Mongolia

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Mongolia Journals Online

Directory of Open Access Journals