Innovations are important for the development of firms and whole economies. Several theoretic
approaches are therefore dealing with innovation and the motivation of firms to motivate. The
Resource-based View of the Firm views innovations to be motivated by the use of slack resources
while the Behavioral Theory of the Firm predicts problemistic search as an important motivation for
innovative maneuvers. Recently, Pitelis proposes an integration of both theories to better explaining
the motivation for innovation. This paper empirically tests the predictions from these theories using
multiple case studies among small and medium enterprises. The results show that firms’ motivation to
innovate is best explained using a combination of both theories
