തിരുത കൃഷി കർഷകർ അറിയേണ്ട കാര്യങ്ങ

Subramanniyan, Shinoj

Vikas, P A

തിരുതകൃഷി കർഷകർ അറിയേണ്ട കാര്യങ്ങ

Subramannian, Shinoj

CMFRI Digital Repository

തിരുതകൃഷി കർഷകർ അറിയേണ്ട കാര്യങ്ങൾ

sF.kn.F.BÀ þ -Irjn hnÚm\ tI{µw (FdWmIpfw)sF.kn.F.BÀ þ tI{µ kap{Z aÕy KthjW Øm]\w(ImÀjnI KthjW þ hnZym`ymk hIp¸v, Irjn þ IÀjIt£a a{´mebw, `mcX kÀ¡mÀ)Bdm«phgn _o¨v, Rmd¡ð t]mÌv, FdWmIpfw, tIcfw þ 682 505  Cþsabnð : kvk.ernakulam@icar.gov.in  I sh_vsskäv : www.kvkernakulam.org.int^m¬: 0484 2972450Irjn hnÚm\ ]{XnI þ 03/2021KnÂ sk-^me-kv F-¶ im-kv-{Xo-b \m-a-¯nÂ A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶ Xncp-X I-S-enepw Hm-cp P-em-i-b-§-fnepw h-f-cpw. Hm-cp P-em-i-b-§-fnÂ hm-Wn-Pym-Sn-Øm-\-¯nÂ Ir-jn sN-¿p-¶-Xn-\v A\p-tbm-Pyam-b C-\-am-Wv Xn-cpX. Hm-cp P-em-ib-§-fnÂ Xn-cp-X-tbm-sSm-¸w I-cn-ao\pw ]q-ao-\pw kw-tbm-Pn-¸n¨pw Ir-jn sN-¿m-hp-¶-XmWv. im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn Xncp-X Ir-jn sN-¿p-¶-hÀ Ir-Xy-am-b ap-s¶m-cp-¡-§Ä sN-bv-XmÂ am-{X-am-Wv thï-{X D-Xv-]m-Z-\hpw A-Xn-Po-h\ tXmXpw e-`n-¡p-I-bpÅp. Xncp-X a-Õy§-sf Ir-{Xn-a-am-bn {]-P-\-\w \S-¯n hn-¯pÂ-]mZ-\w \-S-¯p-¶ co-Xn ASp-¯nS-¡v hn-I-kn-¸n-s¨-Sp-¯n-«p-sï-¦nepw hm-Wn- Pym-Sn-Øm-\-¯nÂ Ir-jn sN-¿m³ {]-Ir-Xym e-`n-¡p-¶ Ip-ªp-§-sf-bm-Wv B-{i-bn-¡p-¶Xv.Ip-fw Xn-c-sª-Sp¡ÂIp-d-ª-Xv 50 skâv F-¦nepw h-ep-¸-ap-ÅXpw Im-b-ep-I-fnÂ \n¶pw sh-Åw Ib-än C-d-¡m-hp -¶-Xpam-b Hm-cp-P-em-i-b-§Ä B-Wv hm-Wn-Pym-Sn- Øm-\-¯n-ep-Å Xncp-X Ir-jn-¡v A\p-tbm-Pyw. hn-f-sh-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\v H-cp hÀ-jw th-ï-Xn-\mÂ hÀ-jw ap-gp-h³ Ir-jn sN-¿p-hm³ I-gn-bp-¶ Hm-cp- P-em-i-b-§-fm-Wv Ir-jn-¡m-bn Xn-c-sª-Sp-t¡-ïXv. Iq-Sm-sX th-en-bn-d-¡-k-ab-¯v Ip-f-§-fnÂ i-cmi-cn aq-¶v A-Sn-sb-¦nepw sh-Å-hpw D-ïm-bn-cn-¡Ww.Ip-ªp§-sf \n-t£-]n-¡p-t¼mÄ {i-²n-t¡-ï Im-cy§ÄHm-Iv-kn-P³ \n-d¨ t]m-fn-¯o³ I-h-dp-I-fnÂ e-`n-¡p-¶ Ip-ªp§-sf kp-c-£n-X-am-bn Ir-jn-Ø- e-s¯-¯n-¡p-hm³ F-bÀ-I-ïo-j³ D-Å hm-l-\-§- fm-Wv D-¯aw. Ir-jn-Ø-e-s¯-¯n-bmÂ DS-s\ Xs¶ I-h-dp-IÄ Xp--d-¡m-sX Xm-]\n-e {I-ao-I-cn- ¡p-¶- Xn-\m-bn Ip-f-¯nÂ X-s¶-bp-Å sh-Å-¯nÂ C-d-¡n-sh-¡Ww. A-c-a-Wn-¡q-dn-\p-ti-jw I-hÀ Xpd-¶v Ip-f-¯n-se sh-Åw Ip-td-sÈ I-h-dn-te-¡v H-gn¨p-sIm-Sp¯p-sIm-ïn-cn-¡Ww. ]-Xn-\-©p-an-\n-«n- \p-ti-jw Ch-sb I-h-dnÂ \n¶pw Xpd-¶p hn-Smw.c-ïv skâoao-äÀ am{Xw h-ep-¸-ap-Å sNdn-b Ip-ªp-§-fm-sW-¦nÂ {]-tXy-Iw ]-cn-]m-en-¨v hn-cÂ h-ep-¸-sa-¯n-¨-Xn-\v ti-jw (7 sk.ao) am-{X-ta taÂ kq-Nn-¸n-¨ {]-Im-cw Ip-f-§-fnÂ \n-t£-]n-¡m-hp. sNdn-b Ip-ªp§-sf lm-¸m s\-äp-I-fnÂ C-«m-Wv ]-cn-]m-en-t¡-ïXv. C-h-¡v 45% amw-ky-hpw, 10% sIm-gp¸pw A-S§n-b h-ep-¸-w Ip-dª (500 ssa- t{Im¬) Xo-ä Zn-h-k-¯nÂ A-©p t\-cw F-¶ {I-a-¯nÂ sIm-Sp-¡-Ww. i-cnbm-b co-Xn-bnÂ Xoä sIm-Sp-¯p-]-cn-]m-en-¨mÂ 15 ap-XÂ 25 Znh-kw sIm-ïv hn-cÂ h-ep-¸w B-Ip-¶-XmWv.IrjnH-cp skâv Ip-f-¯nÂ 40 Ip-ªp§-sf h-sc-bm-Wv \nt£-]n-¡m-hp¶Xvv. I-cn-ao³, ]q-ao³ F¶n-h Iq-Sn tNÀ-¶p-Å Ir-jn-bm-sW-¦nÂ H-cp skânÂ 20 ]q-ao³, 20 Xn-cp-X, 20 I-cn-ao³ F¶ tXm-XnÂ B-Wv \nt£-]n-t¡ïXvv. Chbv¡v Zn-h-k-¯nÂ c-ïp t\-c-§-fn- em-bn Xo-ä \Â-IWw. Xp-S-¡-¯nÂ 2 an.ao h-ep-¸ -ap-Å Xo-ä-bpw 4 am-k-¯n- \p-ti-jw 3 an.ao h-ep-¸- ap-Å Xo-äbpw \Â-IWw.hn-f-sh-Sp-¸pw hn-]-W-\hpwXncp-X Ip-ªp-§Ä 12 amk-s¯ ]-cn-]me-\w sIm-ïv i-cm-i-cn 500 {Kmw h-ep-¸w sh-¡p-¶-XmWv. H-cp Intem Xncp-X aÕyw DÂ-¸m-Zn-¸n-¡p-¶- Xn-\v \ne-hn-se I-W-¡v {]-Imcw i-cm-i-cn 210 cq-]- bm-Wv Nne-hv h-cp-¶Xv. Po-h-t\m-sS ]n-Sn-s¨-Sp-¯v C-S- \n-e-¡m-sc H-gn-hm-¡n D-]-t`m-àm-¡Ä-¡v t\-cn-«v hn-]W-\w \-S-¯p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ In-tem-b¡v i-cm- i-cn 500 cq-] h-sc e-`n-¡p-¶-XmWv.Ip-fw H-cp¡ÂIr-jn B-cw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p ap³-]v Ip-f-§Ä im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn H-cp-t¡-ï-Xpï-v. Ip-f-¯n-sâ A-Sn-¯-«nÂ A-Sn-ªp-IqSn-b sN-fn- {]-tXy-Iw ]-¼v D-]-tbm-Knt¨m tIm-cn-sb-Spt¯m ]-cn-]qÀ-®-ambpw am-äWw. Cu sN-fn-bnÂ A-tam-Wn-b, ssl-{U-P³ kÄ-ss^-Uv F-¶n-h-bp-sS km-¶n²yw D-ïm-Ipw F-¶-Xn-\m-em-WnXv. Ip-f-§-fn-se I-f aÂ-ky-§-sfbpw I-f k-ky-§-sfbpw ]-cn-]qÀ-®-ambpw am-äWw. sh-Åw h-än-¨v D-W-¡p-hm³ I-gn-bp-¶ Ip-f-§-fm-sW-¦nÂ ]-cn-]qÀ-W-ambpw h-än-¨v D-W-¡n-bmÂ I-f aÕy-§fpw I-f k-ky-§fpw ap-gp-h-\mbpw \-in¨v-t]m-Ip-¶-XmWv. F-¶mÂ FÃm I-p-f§fpw C-¯-c-¯nÂ ]-cn-]qÀ-®-ambpw h-än-¨v D-W-¡p-hm³ km-[n-¡p-¶-hbÃ. C-¯-c-¯n-ep-Å Ip-f-§-fn-se I-f-a-Õy-§-sf ssP-h I-f-\n½mÀ-Ön- \nbm-b So-ko-Uv-tI-¡v s]m-Sn D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v \-in-¸n- t¡-ï-XmWv. So-ko-Uv tI¡v-s]m-Sn H-cp skânÂ 200 {Kmw F¶ tXm-XnÂ D]-ttbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v 12 a-Wn-¡qÀ ap³-]v sh-Å-¯nÂ Ip-XnÀ-¡Ww. C-¯-c-¯nÂ Ip-XnÀ-¡m³ C-Sp-t¼mÄ 10Â H-cp-`m-Kw F-¶ tXm-XnÂ IÃp-¸v Iq-Sn tNÀ¡Ww. Ip-f-¯n-se sh-Å-¯n-sâ B-gw 10 skân-ao-ä-dnÂ Xm-sg B-¡n-b-ti-jw cm-hn-se 11 aWn-tbm-S-Sp-¸n-¨v IpXnÀ¯ SokoUv ]n-gn-sª-Sp-¯ NmÀ sh-Å-¯nÂ FÃm-`m-K¯pw ho-g-¯-¡ co-Xn-bnÂ X-fn-¡Ww. sh-Å-¯nÂ SokoUvv Ie-§n A-c-a-Wn-¡q-dn-\p-ÅnÂ X-s¶ I-f-aÂ-ky-§Ä N-¯p-Xp-S-§pw. N-¯h-sb h-e-IÄ D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v tIm-cn-¡-f-bWw.Ip-f-§-fn-se hf{]-tbmKwIp-f-¯n-se ¹-h-I-§-fp-sS h-fÀ-¨ Xz-cn-X-s¸-Sp- ¯p-¶-Xn-\v h-f{]-tbm-Kw A-Xy-´m-t]-£n-X-amWv. H-cp skâv Ip-f-¯nÂ 1 In-tem-{Kmw tUm-tfm-ssa-äv, 5 In-tem-{Kmw D-W-¡-Nm-W-Iw, 300 {Kmw I-¸e-ïn ]n-®m-¡v, 50 {Kmw bqdn-b F-¶n-h-bm-Wv tNÀ-t¡-ïXv. h-f{]-tbm-Kw \-S-¯n 5 Zn-h-k-¯n-\p- ÅnÂ X-s¶ ¹-h-I-§-fp-sS h-fÀ-¨ thï-{X-bm- hp-Ibpw sh-Å-¯n-sâ \n-dw ]-¨-bm-bn am-dp-Ibpw sN-¿pw. A-Xn-\p-ti-jw am-{X-ta aÂ-ky-¡p-ªp-sf \n-t£-]n-¡p-hm³ ]m-SpÅp.IÀj-IÀ A-dn-tb-ï Im-cy§ÄX¿m-dm-¡nbXvtUm. hn-Im-kv ]n.F., tUm. jn-t\m-Pv kp-{_-a-Wy³sF.kn.F.BÀ þ Ir-jn hn-Úm-\ tI-{µw, (F-d-Wm-Ip-fw), kn.Fw.F-^v.BÀ.sF{]-km-[I³tUm. F. tKm-]m-e-Ir-jvW³U-b-dÎÀ, tI-{µ k-ap-{Z a-Õy K-th-j-W Øm-]-\w, (kn.Fw.F-^v.BÀ.sF)Pqsse 2021KnÂ sk-^me-kv F-¶ im-kv-{Xo-b \m-a-¯nÂ A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶ Xncp-X I-S-enepw Hm-cp P-em-i-b-§-fnepw h-f-cpw. Hm-cp P-em-i-b-§-fnÂ hm-Wn-Pym-Sn-Øm-\-¯nÂ Ir-jn sN-¿p-¶-Xn-\v A\p-tbm-Pyam-b C-\-am-Wv Xn-cpX. Hm-cp P-em-ib-§-fnÂ Xn-cp-X-tbm-sSm-¸w I-cn-ao\pw ap]q-ao-\pw kw-tbm-Pn-¸n¨pw Ir-jn sN-¿m-hp-¶-XmWv. im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn Xncp-X Ir-jn sN-¿p-¶-hÀ Ir-Xy-am-b ap-s¶m-cp-¡-§Ä sN-bv-XmÂ am-{X-am-Wv thï-{X D-Xv-]m-Z-\hpw A-Xn-Po-h\ tXmXpw e-`n-¡p-I-bpÅp. Xncp-X a-Õy§-sf Ir-{Xn-a-am-bn {]-P-\-\w \S-¯n hn-¯pÂ-]mZ-\w \-S-¯p-¶ co-Xn ASp-¯nS-¡v hn-I-kn-¸n-s¨-Sp-¯n-«p-sï-¦nepw hm-Wn- Pym-Sn-Øm-\-¯nÂ Ir-jn sN-¿m³ {]-Ir-Xym e-`n-¡p-¶ Ip-ªp-§-sf-bm-Wv B-{i-bn-¡p-¶Xv.Ip-fw Xn-c-sª-Sp¡ÂIp-d-ª-Xv 50 skâv F-¦nepw h-ep-¸-ap-ÅXpw Im-b-ep-I-fnÂ \n¶pw sh-Åw Ib-än C-d-¡m-hp -¶-Xpam-b Hm-cp-P-em-i-b-§Ä B-Wv hm-Wn-Pym-Sn- Øm-\-¯n-ep-Å Xncp-X Ir-jn-¡v A\p-tbm-Pyw. hn-f-sh-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\v H-cp hÀ-jw th-ï-Xn-\mÂ hÀ-jw ap-gp-h³ Ir-jn sN-¿p-hm³ I-gn-bp-¶ Hm-cp- P-em-i-b-§-fm-Wv Ir-jn-¡m-bn Xn-c-sª-Sp-t¡-ïXv. Iq-Sm-sX th-en-bn-d-¡-k-ab-¯v Ip-f-§-fnÂ i-cmi-cn aq-¶v A-Sn-sb-¦nepw sh-Å-hpw D-ïm-bn-cn-¡Ww.Ip-ªp§-sf \n-t£-]n-¡p-t¼mÄ {i-²n-t¡-ï Im-cy§ÄHm-Iv-kn-P³ \n-d¨ t]m-fn-¯o³ I-h-dp-I-fnÂ e-`n-¡p-¶ Ip-ªp§-sf kp-c-£n-X-am-bn Ir-jn-Ø- e-s¯-¯n-¡p-hm³ F-bÀ-I-ïo-j³ D-Å hm-l-\-§- fm-Wv D-¯aw. Ir-jn-Ø-e-s¯-¯n-bmÂ DS-s\ Xs¶ I-h-dp-IÄ Xp--d-¡m-sX Xm-]\n-e {I-ao-I-cn- ¡p-¶- Xn-\m-bn Ip-f-¯nÂ X-s¶-bp-Å sh-Å-¯nÂ C-d-¡n-sh-¡Ww. A-c-a-Wn-¡q-dn-\p-ti-jw I-hÀ Xpd-¶v Ip-f-¯n-se sh-Åw Ip-td-sÈ I-h-dn-te-¡v H-gn¨p-sIm-Sp¯p-sIm-ïn-cn-¡Ww. ]-Xn-\-©p-an-\n-«n- \p-ti-jw Ch-sb I-h-dnÂ \n¶pw Xpd-¶p hn-Smw.c-ïv skâoao-äÀ am{Xw h-ep-¸-ap-Å sNdn-b Ip-ªp-§-fm-sW-¦nÂ {]-tXy-Iw ]-cn-]m-en-¨v hn-cÂ h-ep-¸-sa-¯n-¨-Xn-\v ti-jw (7 sk.ao) am-{X-ta taÂ kq-Nn-¸n-¨ {]-Im-cw Ip-f-§-fnÂ \n-t£-]n-¡m-hp. sNdn-b Ip-ªp§-sf lm-¸m s\-äp-I-fnÂ C-«m-Wv ]-cn-]m-en-t¡-ïXv. C-h-¡v 45% amw-ky-hpw, 10% sIm-gp¸pw A-S§n-b h-ep-¸-w Ip-dª (500 ssa- t{Im¬) Xo-ä Zn-h-k-¯nÂ A-©p t\-cw F-¶ {I-a-¯nÂ sIm-Sp-¡-Ww. i-cnbm-b co-Xn-bnÂ Xoä sIm-Sp-¯p-]-cn-]m-en-¨mÂ 15 ap-XÂ 25 Znh-kw sIm-ïv hn-cÂ h-ep-¸w B-Ip-¶-XmWv.IrjnH-cp skâv Ip-f-¯nÂ 40 Ip-ªp§-sf h-sc-bm-Wv \nt£-]n-¡m-hp¶Xvv. I-cn-ao³, ]q-ao³ F¶n-h Iq-Sn tNÀ-¶p-Å Ir-jn-bm-sW-¦nÂ H-cp skânÂ 20 ]q-ao³, 20 Xn-cp-X, 20 I-cn-ao³ F¶ tXm-XnÂ B-Wv \nt£-]n-t¡ïXvv. Chbv¡v Zn-h-k-¯nÂ c-ïp t\-c-§-fn- em-bn Xo-ä \Â-IWw. Xp-S-¡-¯nÂ 2 an.ao h-ep-¸ -ap-Å Xo-ä-bpw 4 am-k-¯n- \p-ti-jw 3 an.ao h-ep-¸- ap-Å Xo-äbpw \Â-IWw.hn-f-sh-Sp-¸pw hn-]-W-\hpwXncp-X Ip-ªp-§Ä 12 amk-s¯ ]-cn-]me-\w sIm-ïv i-cm-i-cn 500 {Kmw h-ep-¸w sh-¡p-¶-XmWv. H-cp Intem Xncp-X aÕyw DÂ-¸m-Zn-¸n-¡p-¶- Xn-\v \ne-hn-se I-W-¡v {]-Imcw i-cm-i-cn 210 cq-]- bm-Wv Nne-hv h-cp-¶Xv. Po-h-t\m-sS ]n-Sn-s¨-Sp-¯v C-S- \n-e-¡m-sc H-gn-hm-¡n D-]-t`m-àm-¡Ä-¡v t\-cn-«v hn-]W-\w \-S-¯p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ In-tem-b¡v i-cm- i-cn 500 cq-] h-sc e-`n-¡p-¶-XmWv.Ip-fw H-cp¡ÂIr-jn B-cw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p ap³-]v Ip-f-§Ä im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn H-cp-t¡-ï-Xpï-v. Ip-f-¯n-sâ A-Sn-¯-«nÂ A-Sn-ªp-IqSn-b sN-fn- {]-tXy-Iw ]-¼v D-]-tbm-Knt¨m tIm-cn-sb-Spt¯m ]-cn-]qÀ-®-ambpw am-äWw. Cu sN-fn-bnÂ A-tam-Wn-b, ssl-{U-P³ kÄ-ss^-Uv F-¶n-h-bp-sS km-¶n²yw D-ïm-Ipw F-¶-Xn-\m-em-WnXv. Ip-f-§-fn-se I-f aÂ-ky-§-sfbpw I-f k-ky-§-sfbpw ]-cn-]qÀ-®-ambpw am-äWw. sh-Åw h-än-¨v D-W-¡p-hm³ I-gn-bp-¶ Ip-f-§-fm-sW-¦nÂ ]-cn-]qÀ-W-ambpw h-än-¨v D-W-¡n-bmÂ I-f aÕy-§fpw I-f k-ky-§fpw ap-gp-h-\mbpw \-in¨v-t]m-Ip-¶-XmWv. F-¶mÂ FÃm I-p-f§fpw C-¯-c-¯nÂ ]-cn-]qÀ-®-ambpw h-än-¨v D-W-¡p-hm³ km-[n-¡p-¶-hbÃ. C-¯-c-¯n-ep-Å Ip-f-§-fn-se I-f-a-Õy-§-sf ssP-h I-f-\n½mÀ-Ön- \nbm-b So-ko-Uv-tI-¡v s]m-Sn D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v \-in-¸n- t¡-ï-XmWv. So-ko-Uv tI¡v-s]m-Sn H-cp skânÂ 200 {Kmw F¶ tXm-XnÂ D]-ttbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v 12 a-Wn-¡qÀ ap³-]v sh-Å-¯nÂ Ip-XnÀ-¡Ww. C-¯-c-¯nÂ Ip-XnÀ-¡m³ C-Sp-t¼mÄ 10Â H-cp-`m-Kw F-¶ tXm-XnÂ IÃp-¸v Iq-Sn tNÀ¡Ww. Ip-f-¯n-se sh-Å-¯n-sâ B-gw 10 skân-ao-ä-dnÂ Xm-sg B-¡n-b-ti-jw cm-hn-se 11 aWn-tbm-S-Sp-¸n-¨v IpXnÀ¯ SokoUv ]n-gn-sª-Sp-¯ NmÀ sh-Å-¯nÂ FÃm-`m-K¯pw ho-g-¯-¡ co-Xn-bnÂ X-fn-¡Ww. sh-Å-¯nÂ SokoUvv Ie-§n A-c-a-Wn-¡q-dn-\p-ÅnÂ X-s¶ I-f-aÂ-ky-§Ä N-¯p-Xp-S-§pw. N-¯h-sb h-e-IÄ D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v tIm-cn-¡-f-bWw.Ip-f-§-fn-se hf{]-tbmKwIp-f-¯n-se ¹-h-I-§-fp-sS h-fÀ-¨ Xz-cn-X-s¸-Sp- ¯p-¶-Xn-\v h-f{]-tbm-Kw A-Xy-´m-t]-£n-X-amWv. H-cp skâv Ip-f-¯nÂ 1 In-tem-{Kmw tUm-tfm-ssa-äv, 5 In-tem-{Kmw D-W-¡-Nm-W-Iw, 300 {Kmw I-¸e-ïn ]n-®m-¡v, 50 {Kmw bqdn-b F-¶n-h-bm-Wv tNÀ-t¡-ïXv. h-f{]-tbm-Kw \-S-¯n 5 Zn-h-k-¯n-\p- ÅnÂ X-s¶ ¹-h-I-§-fp-sS h-fÀ-¨ thï-{X-bm- hp-Ibpw sh-Å-¯n-sâ \n-dw ]-¨-bm-bn am-dp-Ibpw sN-¿pw. A-Xn-\p-ti-jw am-{X-ta aÂ-ky-¡p-ªp-sf \n-t£-]n-¡p-hm³ ]m-SpÅp.Ipªp§-sf ]-cn-]m-en-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å lm-̧  s\-äpIÄ

തിരുത കൃഷി കർഷകർ അറിയേണ്ട കാര്യങ്ങൾ

http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/15184/1/Aquaculture%20of%20grey%20mullet_2021_Vikas%20P%20A.pdf

തിരുത കൃഷി കർഷകർ അറിയേണ്ട കാര്യങ്ങൾ

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