Acanthopagrus berda has a fairly deep, compressed body with depth about twice in standard length. Head is about 3 or 4 times in standard length with straight upper profile (sometimes with a bulge above eye) and pointed snout. Both jaws contain 4-6 large, compressed teeth in front, followed by 3-5 rows of molar-like teeth; upper lateral teeth of outer row conical and blunt. There

are about 9-11 gill rakers on the lower limb of first arch. The species has a single dorsal fin with 11 (rarely 12) spines and 10-13 soft rays. The spines of dorsal fin appear alternately broad and narrow on either side with 4th to 6th spines longest. Anal fin contain 3 spines and 8 or 9 soft rays

Asokan, P K

Shilta, M T

Suresh Babu, P P

Vinod, K

CMFRI Digital Repository

61Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskål, 1775)P. P. Suresh Babu, M. T. Shilta, P. K. Asokan and K. VinodI D E N T I F I C A T I O NSource of image : RC of CMFRI, KozhikodeLocal names: Kali kishi, Kharapla, (Gujarati); Kali kishi, Khadakpalu, Khadak-paalu (Marathi);Aree, Aaree, Karuthaaree (Malayalam); Aree, Cooree, Karuppu mattawa (Tamil); Calamara,Barrbal (Telugu)MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTIONAcanthopagrus berda has a fairly deep, compressed body with depth about twice in standardlength. Head is about 3 or 4 times in standard length with straight upper profile (sometimes with abulge above eye) and pointed snout. Both jaws contain 4-6 large, compressed teeth in front,followed by 3-5 rows of molar-like teeth; upper lateral teeth of outer row conical and blunt. Thereare about 9-11 gill rakers on the lower limb of first arch. The species has a single dorsal fin with11 (rarely 12) spines and 10-13 soft rays. The spines of dorsal fin appear alternately broad andnarrow on either side with 4th to 6th spines longest. Anal fin contain 3 spines and 8 or 9 soft rays.Caudal fin is slightly forked, with rounded lobes. Scales are large, 43-45 in lateral line; 4-4.5scale rows between lateral line and 4th dorsal spine and presence of a scaly sheath at base ofdorsal and anal fins. Pelvic fin contains a long axillary process. Colour is usually dark silver or dullbrown with silvery reflections; upper part of body and base of scales darkest and a dark edgealong opercle. Spinous part of dorsal fin with a dark edge; pectoral fins dusky with a yellow tingeand caudal fin grey with darker shading.Order : PerciformesFamily : SparidaeCommon/FAO : GoldsilkName (English) seabream62Prioritized species for Mariculture in IndiaP R O F I L EGEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIONAcanthopagrus berda is widely distributed throughout the tropical Indo-West Pacific region,occurring from South Africa to India and extending to Japan, East Indies and Northern Australia. InSouth Africa it is found along the east coast, where its range extends southwards to Port Elizabeth.This species commonly occurs in the Indian Ocean, along South Africa, Mozambique, the Red Sea,Phuket and Malaysia (Penang Island and Langkawi Island, near Singapore). In India, it is available insouth-west coast as well as Andaman and Nicobar Islands.HABITAT AND BIOLOGYAcanthopagrus berda inhabits a very wide range of environments namely marine, freshwaterand brackishwater and the species is known to tolerate low saline waters of estuaries and rivers.This species enters freshwaters of Zimbabwe and South Africa (Lower Zambezi, Lucuara River).They inhabit coastal shallow waters, with common occurrence in brackishwater swamps or estuariesat a depth range of about 50 m. Larger adults tend to be solitary and occur in deeper waters, whilethe smaller species and young ones form aggregations and are often found in estuaries. They arefound abundant in tropical mangrove estuaries. In South Africa presence of this species from variousestuarine systems has been reported.63It is a protandric hermaphrodite, changing sex from male to female. Males and juveniles dominatethe smaller size classes and females dominate the larger size classes. It attains a maximum of 900mm total length (TL) and 3.2 kg total weight. In Japan, Kuwait and South Africa lengths of 450-750mm have been recorded; but the majority caught in South African waters are < 400 mm TL.Length at 50 % maturity of this species has been established at 220 mm TL. The maximum reportedage is about 14 years. A popular angling species often caught with hook and line and locallyexploited by artisanal fishers along the Indian coast. Spawning is known to occur between May-August, with peak spawning in May and June. An increase in abundance of this species is notednear the mouth of the St. Lucia Estuary, Republic of South Africa between April and July suggestedthat spawning occurs close to inshore in the vicinity of the bar mouth.BREEDING IN CAPTIVE CONDITIONSInformation not availableLARVAL REARINGInformation not availableNURSERY REARINGInformation not availableGROW-OUTInformation not availableFOOD AND FEEDINGThe adult fishes feeds mainly on echinoderms, worms, crustaceans, molluscs and small fishes. Astudy conducted in Pakistan suggests that juveniles weighing from 10.2 g and 56.3 g can performwell on 42 % protein diet with 20 % lipid level under available laboratory conditions.GROWTH RATEInformation not availableDISEASES AND CONTROL MEASURESCaligus epidemicus infection was reported from Australian waters.P R O D U C T I O N  S Y S T E M S64Prioritized species for Mariculture in IndiaP R O D U C T I O N ,  M A R K E T  A N D  T R A D EPRODUCTIONFAO Regional Commission for Fisheries (RECOFI) reported that the landings of A. berda showedan overall increasing trend from 20 t in 2000 to 63 t in 2011.MARKET AND TRADEThe fishes of genus Acanthopagrus have good consumer acceptability due to their excellent meatquality. Approximate price for the fish in local market in India is   470/ kg.Breeding and seed production of various Acanthopagrus spp. has been reported from differentparts of the world.  However reports on breeding and seed production of A. berda are scanty. Themain researchable issues, which have to be sorted out for this species in India, are (i) Protocol fordomestication and development of broodstock (ii) Larval rearing protocol (iii) Disease and feedmanagement (iv) Aquaculture practices.Acanthopagrus berda is an important fish in fisheries and aquaculture because of its highrecreational value, excellent meat quality, high economic value, ability to tolerate wide variations inenvironmental parameters such as salinity and temperature and fast growth. Therefore, this speciesin tropical Indian waters has the potential to attract commercial interests in the near future.Allsop, D. J. and West, S. A. 2003. Constant relative age and size at sex change for sequentiallyhermaphroditic fish. J. Evol. Biol., 16: 921-929.Battaglene, S. C. and Fielder, S. 1997. The status of marine fish larval-rearing technology inAustralia. Hydrobiologia, 358: 1-5.Byrnes, T. and Rhode, K. 1992. Geographical distribution and host specificity of ectoparasites ofAustralian bream, Acanthopagrus spp. (Sparidae). Folia Parasit., 39: 249-264.Carpenter, K. E. 2001. Sparidae Porgies (seabreams). In: Carpenter, K.E. and Niem, V.H. (Eds.),The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific.Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae toPomacentridae). FAO, Rome, p. 2990-3003.C H A L L E N G E S  T O  M A R I C U L T U R EF U T U R E  P R O S P E C T SS U G G E S T E D  R E A D I N G65Fischer, W. and Bianchi, G. 1974. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. EasternIndian Ocean and Western Central Pacific (Fishing Area 57). Prepared and printed with the support ofthe Danish International Development and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Vol. 1-4.Fischer, W. and Bianchi, G. 1984. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. WesternIndian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Prepared and printed with the support of the Danish Internationaland Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Vol. 1-6.Garratt, P. A. 1993. Spawning of riverbream, Acanthopagrus berda, in Kosi estuary. South AfricanJ. Zool., 28(1): 26-31.Heemstra, P. C. and Heemstra, E. 2004. Coastal Fishes of southern Africa. South African Institute forAquatic Biodiversity and National Inquiry Service Centre, Grahamstown, South Africa, p.488.IUCN and UNEP. 2014. The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). Cambridge, UK Availableat: www.wdpa.org.IUCN. 2014. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Available at:www.iucnredlist.org.Iwatsuki, Y. and Heemstra, P. C. 2010. Taxonomic Review of the Western Indian Ocean Species ofthe Genus Acanthopagrus. Peters. 1855. (Perciformes: Sparidae), with Description of a New Speciesfrom Oman. Copeia, 2010(1): 123-136.James. N. C., Mann B. Q., Beckley L. E. and Govender A. 2003. Age and growth of the estuarine-dependent sparid Acanthopagrus berda in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. African Zool.,38(2): 265-271.Kuronuma, K. and Abe, Y. 1972. Fishes of Kuwait. Dai Nippon Printing Co. Ltd., Tokyo, 123 pp.Kyle, R. 1986. Aspects of the ecology and exploitation of the fishes of the Kosi Bay system, KwaZulu,South Africa. Ph.D. thesis, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 245 pp.Masuda, H., Amaoka, K., Araga, C., Uyeno, T. and Yoshino, T. 1984. The fishes of the Japanesearchipelago. Tokai University Press, 437pp.Rahim, A., Abbas, G., Waryani, B., Ghaffar, A., Monwar, M. M., Hafeez-ur-Rehman, M. andDastagir, G. 2015. Influence of varying dietary lipid levels on growth, feed conversion and chemicalcomposition of meat and liver of the Juvenile blackfin sea bream, Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskål1775). Pakistan J. Zool, 47(5):  1467-1473.Samuel, M. and Mathews, C. P. 1987. Growth and mortality of four Acanthopagrus species. KuwaitB. Mar. Sci., 9:159-171.Smith, J. L. B. and Smith, M. M. 1986. Sparidae. In: Smith, M.M. and Heemstra, P.C.  (Eds.),Smiths' Sea Fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 580-594.Thorogood, J. and Blackshaw, A. 1992. Factors affecting the activation, motility and cryopreservationof the spermatozoa of the yellowfin bream, Acanthopagrus australis(Gunther). Aquac. Res., 23:337-344.66Prioritized species for Mariculture in IndiaVander Elst, R. P. 1988. A Guide to the common sea fishes of Southern Africa, (2nd edn.). C. Struik,Cape Town, 398 pp.Wallace, J. H. 1975. The estuarine fishes of the east coast of South Africa. III Reproduction. Invest.Rep. Oceanogr. Res. lnst. Durban, 41: 1-51.

Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskål, 1775)

http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/14835/1/Acanthopagrus%20berda.pdf

Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskål, 1775)

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

CMFRI Digital Repository