Study was conducted to assess penaeid prawn fishery by small mechanized trawlers along Visakhapatnam coast during 2011 to 2015. Penaeid prawn landings, fishing effort, CPH and species composition was collected from small mechanized trawlers. Expected penaeid prawn landings (t) were estimated by Schaefer production model (CEDA) based on fishing effort and penaeid prawn catch. Study discovered that there was considerable rise in fishing effort (h) (33.7%) and penaeid prawn landings (17.35%) during the study period with that of 2006-10. Drop in catch per hour (12.24%) and penaeid prawn proportion (12.39%) was registered. Mean fishing effort (h) per unit was registered as 115h and catch per hour of penaeid prawns ranged from 3.37 to 5.73 kgh-1. All in all, penaeid prawn landings accounted for 3,598 t annually and attributed to 14.8% of the total fish catch

Jayasankar, J

Maheswarudu, G

Naik, Rajendra

Rao, K Gouri Sankara

Rao, T Nageswara

Varma, J B

English

CMFRI Digital Repository

 ~ 900 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2020; 8(5): 900-904            E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 www.entomoljournal.com JEZS 2020; 8(5): 900-904 © 2020 JEZS Received: 08-06-2020 Accepted: 07-08-2020  N Rajendra Naik (1). ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi, Kerala, India (2). ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Matsyapuri, Kochi, Kerala, India  G Maheswarudu ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi, Kerala, India  J Jayasankar ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi, Kerala, India  JB Varma ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi, Kerala, India  K Gouri Sankara Rao ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi, Kerala, India  T Nageswara Rao ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi, Kerala, India             Corresponding Author: N Rajendra Naik (1). ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi, Kerala, India (2). ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Matsyapuri, Kochi, Kerala, India             Assessment of penaeid prawn fishery by small mechanized trawlers off Visakhapatnam, east coast of India  N Rajendra Naik, G Maheswarudu, J Jayasankar, JB Varma, K Gouri Sankara Rao and T Nageswara Rao  Abstract Study was conducted to assess penaeid prawn fishery by small mechanized trawlers along Visakhapatnam coast during 2011 to 2015. Penaeid prawn landings, fishing effort, CPH and species composition was collected from small mechanized trawlers. Expected penaeid prawn landings (t) were estimated by Schaefer production model (CEDA) based on fishing effort and penaeid prawn catch. Study discovered that there was considerable rise in fishing effort (h) (33.7%) and penaeid prawn landings (17.35%) during the study period with that of 2006-10. Drop in catch per hour (12.24%) and penaeid prawn proportion (12.39%) was registered. Mean fishing effort (h) per unit was registered as 115h and catch per hour of penaeid prawns ranged from 3.37 to 5.73 kgh-1. All in all, penaeid prawn landings accounted for 3,598 t annually and attributed to 14.8% of the total fish catch.  Keywords: Prawn catch, catch per hour, penaeid proportion, fishing effort  Introduction Small mechanized trawlers were introduced for commercial fishing off Visakhapatnam coast during 1964. Voyage fishing was in practice along the Andhra coast from 1987 to 1990 [1]. Trawl nets were the major gears which were exploiting more than 90% of penaeid shrimp along the east coast. In 1985, mini trawlers (16m LOA) were introduced and operated along Visakhapatnam coast [2]. Small mechanized trawlers are operated for harvest of penaeid prawns off Visakhapatnam, east coast of India. Catch, effort, species composition of penaeid prawns of trawl catch were studied along Kakinada coast, from 1967 to 1978 [2]. Fishery and catch trends of trawlers were studied during 1967-70 and 1970-74 [3, 4]. In 1964, Resource exploitation by small mechanized trawlers began and continuous growth was observed along Kakinada coast [5]. Small mechanized trawlers with 9 to 11 m LOA and 65 to 86 HP engine operated for 2-7 days cruise to catch penaeid prawns up to a depth range of 70 m along Visakhapatnam coast. Trawlers operated with the mesh size (cod end) of 20 mm, 2-3 t fish hold capacity and with 6-member crew [6]. Study was conducted to assess penaeid prawn fishery by small mechanized trawlers along Visakhapatnam coast for a period of five years from 2011 to 2015.  Material and Methods Samples collected from Visakhapatnam landing centre once in a week during 2011-15. Penaeid prawn landings, fishing effort, catch per hour (CPH) and species proportion was collected from small mechanized trawlers. Data collected by using multi stage random sampling method of ICAR- CMFRI [7]. Annual catch was estimated based on the catch data of observation days and same raised to monthly catch based on the number of fishing days in a month. Status of exploitation and expected penaeid prawn landings (t) were estimated by Schaefer production model (CEDA) based on fishing effort and penaeid prawn catches from small trawlers for the ten year period from 2006 to 2015 [8].   Results and Discussion East coast constitutes nearly half of the marine fish landings in India. Visakhapatnam is one of the foremost fishing harbors with significant units of marine trawl landings in east coast. There was considerable rise in fishing effort (h) (33.7%) and penaeid prawn landings (17.35%)  Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies http://www.entomoljournal.com  ~ 901 ~ during the study period from 2011 to 2015 with that of 2006-10. Fall in catch per hour (12.24%) and penaeid prawn proportion (12.39%) was registered. In all, 22 species from 7 groups (generas) comprised to total penaeid prawn landings by small mechanized trawlers at Visakhapatnam fishing harbor. On an average, annually 5,177 to 10,206 units (trips) of small mechanized trawlers were operated with the mean at 8,244 units. As a whole, annually fishing effort of small mechanized trawlers was estimated at 9.49 lakh h. Mean fishing effort (h) per unit was registered as 115h with the range between 97.2 h (2014) to 151.7 h (2013). Fishing effort, total fish catch and penaeid prawn landings were predominant in the year, 2013. Gradual swell in fishing effort (h) during 1967-77 and drop during 1978 along Kakinada coast was reported [9]. Men effort per unit (h) increased from 27.3 to 103.7 h during the period 2001 to 2010 [6].  All in all, penaeid prawn landings accounted for 3,598 t annually and varied from 2,498 t to 4,924 t during the study period. Prawns composed 6,191 t in 1977 and descended to 2,026 t in 1978 along Kakinada coast [2]. Catch per hour of penaeid prawns speckled from 3.37 to 5.73 kgh-1 with mean at 3.8 kgh-1. Decline in cph was observed at the rate of 12.24% with that of 2006-10. Catch per hour of penaeid prawns were reported at 3.55 kgh-1 along Visakhapatnam coast [6]. Annual catch per hour for prawns was reported as 3.0 kg and 2.7 kg for the period 1982-83 and 1983-84 respectively for small trawlers off Visakhapatnam [10]. Average catch per hour indicated the abundance of prawns along Kakinada coast during the period 1967-78 [2]. Mean penaeid prawns attributed about 14.8% of the total fish catch of the small mechanized trawlers (Table 1). Maheswarudu et al., 2015 and Rajkumar, 2004 reported prawns contribution as 13.7% and 11.9% respectively to the total landings [6, 1]. Penaeid prawns formed 9.8% of total catch along the east coast [11]. Shrimps constituted 13.8% to the total fish catch by small mechanized trawlers off Visakhapatnam during 1982-84 [10].  Pinnacle proportion of penaeid prawn was observed in the month of June (20.9%) followed by August (17.2%). Peak in CPH of penaeid prawns were observed in the month of August (5.1 kgh-1) followed by September (4.9 kgh-1). Upper limit of fishing effort was estimated in the month of January (h) and December (units). Fish (4,078 t) and prawn landings (659 t) were paramount in the month of September (Table 2). In all, 22 species of penaeid prawns were composed to trawl catch with the ascendancy of Metapenaeus monoceros (20%) followed by Solenocera crossicornis (14%) and Metapenaeopsis barbata (9.4%) (Fig.1). Small trawlers catch was exceeded by M. monoceros, M. dobsoni, S. crassicornis and P. stylifera off Visakhapatnam during the period 2006-10 [6]. Muthu, 1968 and Maheswarudu et al., 2015 reported 37 species and 24 species respectively from Visakhapatnam coast [5, 6]. Overall, 7 groups of penaeid prawns were represented and the catch was excelled by Meatapenaeus (28.2%) followed by Solenocera (19.9%) and Metapenaeopsis (17.4%) (Fig.2). Plunge in species catch was observed for F. merguiensis, M. monoceros, M. dobsoni and P. stylifera during the study period with that of 2006-10. There was considerable grow in penaeid prawn species catch (12.7%) during the study period with that of 2006-10. Drop in catch per hour and species proportion was registered (Table 3). Expected penaeid prawn landings (t) were estimated by Schaefer production model (CEDA) based on fishing effort and penaeid prawn catch for the period 2006-2015 (Fig. 3). The r2 value for fishing effort and penaeid prawn catch was projected as 0.62. Over exploitation of prawns were observed in 2008-09 & 2013, and under exploited during 2010-12 & 2014 with that of expected penaeid prawn landings. Penaeid prawnss were underexploited during 2001-2005 and overexploited during 2006-10 [6]. In view of penaeid prawn harvest, fishing effort of small mechanized trawlers ought to confine at current intensity.  Table 1: Mean catch and effort of small mechanised trawlers off Visakhapatnam coast during 2011-15  Year Effort (units) Effort (h) Effort (h)/ trip Penaeidprawn catch (t) Total fish catch (t) CPH of penaeid prawns (kg h-1) CPH of total fish catch (kg h-1) Penaeid prawn catch (%) 2011 9658 980543 101.5 3436 22167 3.50 22.61 15.50 2012 10206 1031576 101.1 3481 22583 3.37 21.89 15.41 2013 9625 1460356 151.7 4924 37482 3.37 25.67 13.14 2014 6556 636982 97.2 3650 24711 5.73 38.79 14.77 2015 5177 635453 122.7 2498 14705 3.93 23.14 16.99 Mean (2011-15) 8244 948982 114.85 3598 24330 3.98 26.42 15.16 Mean (2006-10) 9217 709752 77 3066 18159 4.32 25.59 16.88 ± (%) -10.55 33.71 49.49 17.35 33.98 -12.24 0.19 -12.39 Standard Deviation 2237 340942 22.93 868 8269 1.00 7.06 1.39 Standard Error 1000 152474 10.25 388 3698 0.45 3.16 0.62  Table 2: Mean penaeid prawn catch and fishing effort by small mechanized trawlers along Visakhapatnam coast during 2011-15  Parameters Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Effort (units) 731 771 737 372 0 646 851 901 1035 583 701 917 8244 Effort (h) 117107 101037 83445 37420 0 53333 94105 85630 135453 71787 80184 89482 948982 Total fish catch (t) 1958 2942 1970 898 0 1177 1962 2514 4078 1873 2155 2803 24330 Penaeid prawn catch (t) 288 308 259 118 0 245 308 434 659 244 307 388 3557 % of penaeid prawn in total fish catch 14.7 10.5 13.1 13.1 0 20.9 15.7 17.2 16.2 13 14.2 13.8 15.0 CPH of penaeid prawns 2.5 3.0 3.1 3.1 0 4.6 3.3 5.1 4.9 3.4 3.8 4.3 3.75 Penaeid prawn catch (t)              Penaeus monodon 9.3 8.6 8.0 3.1 0 7.1 9.8 26.5 23.6 10.0 21.9 13.4 141 Fenneropenaeus indicus 11.6 12.2 8.5 3.0 0 10.4 18.8 59.7 36.4 15.4 36.0 20.1 232 F. merguiensis 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 Marsupenaeus japonicus 5.9 2.1 0.7 1.2 0 2.8 2.3 9.7 9.6 7.8 20.7 9.7 73 Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies http://www.entomoljournal.com  ~ 902 ~ P. semisulcatus 5.9 3.3 12.4 1.7 0 3.5 3.4 12.3 13.5 7.0 35.7 11.7 110 Metapenaeus monoceros 78.2 93.9 77.3 38.5 0 69.3 67.5 63.2 81.5 65.2 0.0 87.1 722 M. affinis 8.9 2.2 2.2 0.6 0 26.6 10.6 12.4 1.4 5.7 14.9 3.6 89 M. dobsoni 14.7 2.8 20.7 8.4 0 10.1 35.1 20.5 29.7 13.3 18.1 18.4 192 Solenocera crassicornis 60.4 62.8 43.8 7.1 0 8.9 22.2 55.7 58.3 35.6 49.7 92.9 497 S. melantho 21.0 39.0 25.1 35.8 0 22.6 11.1 10.4 10.4 10.8 9.8 14.0 210 Trachypenaeuscurvirostris 24.5 30.0 15.9 4.3 0 10.8 17.1 10.7 12.8 10.8 26.7 40.2 204 T. granulosus 0.8 11.3 6.1 1.3 0 0.5 7.7 22.0 33.6 4.4 7.4 3.8 99 T. sedili 0.1 1.7 3.6 0.1 0 0.1 0.6 2.0 0.1 1.7 0.5 5.4 160 Metapenaeopsis barbata 30.0 26.1 21.3 8.5 0 21.8 21.3 56.0 40.2 27.6 44.9 37.7 336 M. stridulans 1.2 3.8 2.4 0.0 0 12.2 10.4 8.7 213.6 3.1 10.8 3.9 270 M. mogiensis 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0 0.7 0.5 0.6 11.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 13 Parapenaeus longipes 2.4 7.8 1.7 4.0 0 0.0 0.4 0.7 23.8 0.3 0.3 1.4 43 Parapenaeopsis stylifera 8.6 0.0 8.2 0.0 0 4.2 20.5 47.2 13.6 4.1 2.4 0.0 109 P. coromondelica 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.1 2.0 0.3 5.1 4.0 0.0 0.0 12 P. hardwickii 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.8 5.7 15.8 5.6 1.1 4.4 33 P. uncta 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 18.3 17.9 8.5 22.5 10.5 3.6 5.8 92 P. maxillipedo 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.0 0 14.6 28.1 0.9 2.2 0.6 2.3 14.5 64 Total 288 308 259 118 0 245 308 434 659 244 307 388 3557  Table 3: Comparison of mean annual catch (t), CPH (Kgh-1) and proportion (%) of penaeid prawns for the period 2011 to 2015 and 2006 to 2010    Catch (t)   cph (kg)  Species Composition (%) Ies Composition (%) Species 2011-15 2006-10 Inrease/ decrease (%) 2011-15 2006-10 Inrease/ decrease by % 2011-15 2006-10 Inrease/ decrease (%) Penaeus monodon 141.2 75.9 86.1 0.175 0.106 64.7 4.1 2.9 40.0 Fenneropenaeus indicus indicus 232.1 133.1 74.4 0.292 0.185 57.8 6.4 5 27.6 F. merguiensis 0.8 1 -24.0 0.001 0.001 32.0 0.0 0 0.0 Marsupenaeus japonicus 72.6 19.9 264.6 0.097 0.028 245.5 2.2 0.8 178.2 P. semisulcatus 110.3 45.9 140.2 0.133 0.064 107.7 3.5 1.7 104.8 Metapenaeus monoceros 721.7 1255.6 -42.5 0.820 1.749 -53.1 21.0 28.3 -25.9 M. affinis 89.1 76.9 15.8 0.125 0.107 16.9 2.8 2.9 -4.6 M. dobsoni 191.7 364.6 -47.4 0.254 0.508 -50.0 5.8 13.8 -57.8 Solenocera crassicornis 497.4 317.4 56.7 0.594 0.442 34.5 14.3 12 19.3 S. melantho 210.1 189.5 10.9 0.289 0.264 9.4 7.1 7.2 -0.9 Trichy penaeus curvirostris curvirostris 203.7 130.2 56.4 0.243 0.181 34.4 6.6 4.9 35.5 T. granulosus 98.9 31.4 215.0 0.096 0.044 117.5 2.2 1.2 86.5 T. sedili 15.9 5 218.7 0.031 0.007 339.4 1.2 0.2 481.2 Metapenaeopsis barbata 335.6 146.6 128.9 0.394 0.204 93.2 9.2 5.5 67.9 M. stridulans 270.3 86.9 211.0 0.204 0.121 69.0 4.3 3.3 29.1 M. mogiensis 13.4 11.9 12.9 0.017 0.017 0.7 0.2 0.4 -54.0 Parapenaeus longipes 42.7 28.2 51.5 0.040 0.039 2.1 1.1 1.1 -4.1 Parapenaeopsis stylifera 108.7 151.6 -28.3 0.142 0.211 -32.5 2.9 5.7 -48.8 P. coromondelica 11.6 2.2 425.4 0.017 0.003 482.5 0.4 0.1 302.4 P. hardwickii 33.5 21.1 58.6 0.036 0.029 23.3 0.6 0.8 -31.0 P. uncta 91.6 37.7 142.9 0.120 0.053 126.3 2.4 1.4 74.6 P. maxillipedo 64.0 22.2 188.4 0.089 0.031 186.9 1.7 0.8 116.0 Total 3557 3155 12.7 4.210 4.394 -4.2 100 100     Fig 1: Penaeid prawn species proportion (%) to total landings by small trawlers Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies http://www.entomoljournal.com  ~ 903 ~   Fig 2: Group-wise mean proportion (%) of penaeid prawns landed by small trawlers    Fig 3: Expected (thin line) and observed landings (t) of penaeid prawns by small trawlers  Conclusion Study disclose that there was considerable rise in fishing effort (h) (33.7%) and penaeid prawn landings (17.35%) during the study period (2011 to 2015) with that of 2006-10. Drop in catch per hour (12.24%) and penaeid prawn proportion (12.39%) was registered. Mean fishing effort (h) per unit was registered as 115h and catch per hour of penaeid prawns ranged from 3.37 to 5.73 kgh-1. Penaeid prawn landings accounted for 3,598 t annually and attributed to 14.8% of the small mechanized trawl landings. All in all, over exploitation of prawns were observed in 2008-09 & 2013 with that of expected penaeid prawn landings.  Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Director, CMFRI for continuous support throughout the study period.  References 1. Rajkumar U, Maheswarudu G, Nasser AKV, Rao KN, Kingsley HJ, Varma JB et al. Trawl fisheries off Visakhapatnam. In: Boopendranath MR, Mathew PT, Gupta SS, Pravin P, Jeeva JE. (Eds.), Sustainable fisheries development: Focus on Andhra Pradesh, Society of Fisheries Technologists (India), Cochin, 2004, 35-49.  2. Rao GS. Exploitation of prawn fishery resources by trawlers off Kakinada with a note on the stock assessment of commercially important species. Indian Journal of Fisheries. 1988; 35:140-155. 3. Muthu MS, Narasimham KA, Rao SG, Sastry YA, Ramalingam P. On the commercial trawl fisheries off Kakinada during 1967-70. Indian Journal of Fisheries. 1975; 22:171-186. 4. Narasimham KA, Rao SG, Sastry YA, Venugopalam W. Evaluation of demersal fisheries resources off Kakinada with a note on the economics of commercial trawling. Indian Journal of Fisheries. 1979; 26:90-100. 5. Muthu MS. On some new records of penaeid prawns from the east coast of India. Indian Journal of Fisheries. 1968; 15 (1, 2):145-154. 6. Maheswarudu G, Paul MS, Dhanwanthari E, Varma JB, Sajeev CK, Rao SS. Exploitation of penaeid shrimp resources by small mechanised trawlers off Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Indian Journal of Fisheries. 2015; 62(2):7-13. 7. Kutty MK, Kesavan AK, Qasim SZ. An evaluation of the sampling design adopted by Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute for estimating marine fish production of India. Indian Journal of Fisheries. 1973; 20(1):16-34. 8. Kirkwood GP, Aukland R, Zara SJ. Catch Effort Data analysis (CEDA), Version 3.0. MARG Ltd., London, UK, 2001. 9. Rao GS. Prawn fishery by the “big trawlers” along the Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies http://www.entomoljournal.com  ~ 904 ~ north-east coast. Marine Fisheries Information Service; Technical and Extension Series. 1988; 87:15-30. 10. Sastry YA, Chandrasekhar M. The small commercial trawl fisheries off Visakhapatnam during 1982-83 and 1983-84. Journal of Marine Biological Association of India. 1986; 28:74-83. 11. Maheswarudu G, Rao GS, Rajamani M, Thangaraj S, Nair V, Manmadhan KR et al. Penaeid prawn resources along the east coast of India during 1991-2011. Marine Fisheries Information Service; Technical and Extension Series. 2014; 219:8-14.  

Assessment of penaeid prawn fishery by small mechanized trawlers off Visakhapatnam, east coast of India

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Assessment of penaeid prawn fishery by small mechanized trawlers off Visakhapatnam, east coast of India

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