During a routine fishery survey programme at

Irumeni fishing village, Palk Bay on 03rd December

2016, a single specimen of oil sardine Sardinella

longiceps with neoplasia, measuring 163 mm in total

length (TL) and weighing 119 gram was collected

from the gillnet landings. The specimen was a

female with empty stomach

Nazar, A K A

Ramesh Kumar, P

Rohit, Prathibha

Saravanan, Raju

Surya, S

Vinothkumar, R

CMFRI Digital Repository

Mar. Fish. Infor. Serv., T & E Ser., No. 230, 201610Transforming rural livelihoods through cage farmingImelda JosephICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochie-mail: imeldajoseph@gmail.comMany fishing/fish farming communities in Keralaare benefitting from the cage culture technologiesintroduced by ICAR-Central Marine FisheriesResearch Institute (CMFRI). In the current year,members of at least 20 families from Pizhala, inKadamakudy Panchayat of Ernakulam district havedone cage farming and about 40 cages (of 4 x 4 m,6 x 6 m and 8 x 6 m dimensions) were harvested inDecember 2016.  Similarly farmers at Panampukad,Pooyappilly, Chendamangalam etc. have alsoharvested cage farmed fishes. Fish cages are simple,cost-effective, environmentally sustainabletechnology that has been introduced in severalvillages including Pizhala by ICAR-CMFRI throughparticipatory demonstration programmes thatstarted in 2007. "Traditionally we farm fishes inponds and catch them by setting nets of differenttypes, but we’re never sure how much we’ll catch.However in the fish cage culture, we know exactlyhow many fish we will harvest, and how much wewill earn" explains a farmer involved in the venture.Apart from this, the involvement of women whocame forward to start cage culture after awarenessclasses is noteworthy.Technology InterventionCage aquaculture is nothing but fish productionusing a relatively new technological system. Thus,many of the issues related to fish biology, pathology,feeding, etc. are similar to other fish productionsystems.  In 2015, after a farmer approached ICAR-CMFRI for inputs in installing a cage in Pizhala, twocages of 4 m x 4 m were installed in September. Allphysical inputs were met by the farmer, except thereported from Devbagh area. This region holdspotential for combining the already developedaquatourism with bivalve farming.10. Vengrula area was surveyed along Mochemadestuarine area. This region holds potential forfarming edible oysters.ConclusionsOyster farming was initiated in Ratnagiri andSindhudurg Districts of Maharashtra with local‘Mahila Sahakari Sanstha’in KalbadeviEstuary,Wadatar, Taramumbari, Vengrula andDevbagh. In Wadatar, the farming initiated by a tenwomen group during March 2014, yielded 6,000 toysters in June 2015.Good settlement of Crassostreamadrasensis seeds was observed in Devbagh andWadatar, followed by Vengurla and Taramumbari.In2016 the oyster farming programme has scaled-upon a commercial scale with 16 establishedcommercial farms in Wadatar.Mar. Fish. Infor. Serv., T & E Ser., No. 230, 2016 11cage nets, which was provided by ICAR-CMFRI. Thefarmer stocked the cages with Asian sea bass andpearl spot, the most sought after fishes in Ernakulamdistrict. This was the first commercial open watercage culture, in Kadamakudy Panchayat. Earlier thesame farmer was using 2 m x 2 m PVC floating cagesfor fish culture inside shrimp ponds which was notsuccessful. The new cage design created enthusiasmin the farmer and he started cage culture of fish inthe open waters in the  village where the majoractivity was fishing and agriculture. This inspiredthe neighbours and more families residing near theriver fabricated cages and stocked fishes. The fishharvest during Easter time was also good and thefarmers earned well. The farming is continuing withthe village becoming a hub for cage culture. Certainproblems identified by farmers during the farmingprocess is given below.Constraint in seed availability: For 50 cages ofdimensions varying from 4 m x 4 m to 8 m x 6 m,they need 100,000 numbers of 30 g size Asian seabass/or  100,000 numbers of 10-20 g pearl spot/ or200,000 numbers of tilapia seed for each cycle.Since farming is going on round the year, the seedsupply should be continuous and according to thefarmer’s requirements. The supply of adequatenumber of indigenous fish seed is the need of thehour.Lack of cost-effective pellet feed: At presentthe farmers procure pellet feed at comparativelyhigher price of ` 35 to 110 per kg. By-catch or lowvalue fish are also used as feed for seabass.  As formost of the farmed fishes, cost-effective, speciesspecific feeds are not available. This remains aconstraint for many farmers.Lack of alternative feeds for  fish: At present afew cage farmers are using different naturalresources such as vegetable wastes, food waste,weeds, kitchen left overs etc. for omnivores likepearl spot and tilapia. However, the availability ofany item is not as much as to sustain the feedingfor total culture period.Unexpected discharge of industrial pollutants:The cage sites get unexpected inflow of pollutantsfrom various industrial sources in the district,especially during sudden rains.  It often results infish mortality in the cages.  However, during thecurrent year this was very rare. The fish farmersconstantly look out for such instances and reportthem  to authorities for immediate remedial action.However, they are not aware of the pollutant levels,type or nutrient dynamics of the sites etc. Now,scientists of ICAR-CMFRI are continuously monitoringthe water quality of the cage farming sites.Fish mortality due to attack  of parasites /disease: Occasional encounters with diseases orparasites has been observed in cages. However,freshwater dip of infected fish or change of netswas enough to overcome the problem. Farmers arealso using probiotics available with local suppliers.Variation of production in cages: High variationin fish production in the  cages was observed by thefarmers. According to them, water depth, closenessto other cages and feed are responsible for suchvariations and these require further standardisation.Success of cage farming in PizhalaPopularization of cage farming in the village tookhardly a year after its first introduction in 2015.The main reasons for this was the lack of privateponds or other types of fish farming techniques forthe villagers. The co-operation of the localpanchayat in issuing permission to set up cages,scientific, technology support by ICAR-CMFRI andinvolvement of Krishi Vigyan Kendra in promotingentrepreneurship and creating  awareness amongthe farmers to new farming methods have pavedthe way for the success of cage farming in Pizhala.In the long run, for sustainability of the cagefarming, the carrying capacity of the system has tobe worked out which has been initiated.Diversification of species is also on the cards.The case study at PIzhala showed that womenare more empowered in management of cage farmsMar. Fish. Infor. Serv., T & E Ser., No. 230, 201612like, nursery rearing, feed scheduling, feeding, cagemaintenance, marketing etc. Women have beenfound to be directly involved in fabrication of cagesand its maintenance, procuring good quality fishseeds and its stocking. They are also selling theproduce directly at farm-gate and in local marketsavoiding middlemen. The most significant andpositive aspect of involvement of women in cagefarming is that since their family income hasincreased, it is being used for food, health care andBull trawl operation banned along Karnataka coast to reduce indiscriminateexploitation of juvenile fishesDivya Viswambharan, K.M. Rajesh, Prathibha Rohit and S. SreenathMangalore Research Centre of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mangalurue-mail: divyaavis@yahoo.co.inMangalore Fisheries Harbour is one of the majormarine fish landing centres of Karnataka,contributing more than 40 % of the total marinefish landed in the state. Bull trawling or pair trawlingis done along the coastal districts of Karnataka withpeak operations during the post-monsoon(September to November) period. The pair trawlstarget pelagic and semi-pelagic schooling fishes, likecarangids, scombroids, clupeids, pomfrets, squids,etc. and the catch mainly consist of juveniles,including those of high value fishes.During the post monsoon phase of 2016 landingsby the bull trawl continued showing the same trend.On 2nd November 2016, nearly 15 tonnes ofjuveniles of carangids, comprising mainly of Atulesp. was captured off Mangalore by 24 bull trawlers.These trawlers had operated off shore (36-40mdepth) for a duration of 24 - 48 hours. The totallength (TL) of the individual carangids landed rangedfrom 46 to 102 mm. The modal class (60-70 mm) aswell as the mean size (71.16 mm) of the Atule sp.was much lower than the length at First Maturity(Lm = 173 mm) reported (Reuben et al., 1992, IndianJournal of Fisheries 39(3,4): 195 -234). The fishlocally known as ‘Chemmann’ is consumed fresh aswell as after being dried in the sun. As the size offishes in this huge catch was too small for favour ofdomestic consumption, the entire catch was takenby fish meal plants for a meagre amount of ` 3 perkilogram, whereas the adult fishes of the samespecies fetch `  35 - 60 per kilogram. The bulk catchbull trawl landingseducation of the family members. Women’sparticipation can ensure social and economicempowerment in the rural societies with significantsocietal development. In Pizhala village locatedclose to Ernakulam city, due to the poor financialstatus of the people development is meagre.However, with popularization of cage farming in thevillage,  opportunities for social upliftment throughthe development of aquaculture ventures hasopened up.

Neoplasia in oil sardine from Palk Bay

http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/11939/1/MFIS_230_3.pdf

Neoplasia in oil sardine from Palk Bay

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