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Social factors induces sex change in Orange spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides

Abstract

Sex change (sequential hermaphroditism) is a normal part of the life history of many species of tropical coral reef fishes. Sex change can be either from male to female (protandrous) or it can be from female to male (protogynous). In the family Serranidae, protogynous hermaphroditism is the most common reproductive pattern. However, Orange spotted grouper is diandric, i.e., they have two types of male: Primary males which are gonochorous (non sex changers) often with initial phase; and Secondary males which are derived from female to male initial phase

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