There had been tremendous advances in molecular technology, genomics and biotechnology over the last few decades and the scope of its application in fishery resource management and aquaculture is enormous. The oceans bestow immense resources for research and development and these needs to be conserved for long term sustainability. Fish is the major source of protein for over a billion people, and biotechnology offers a „give and take management system‟ whereby biotechnological tools can be used for conservation of ocean resources as well as for sustainable exploitation and utilization of the resources. Responsible fishery management aims to bring about sustainability by adopting an ecosystem approach to fisheries. Biotechnological tools can be effectively utilized to bring about sustainability of the marine ecosystems in many different ways. Again, aquaculture contributes about 41% of the total fish production, (63.6 million tonnes of fish and shellfish annually, FAO, 2012), and is the world‟s fastest growing food production sector, technological challenge in the aquaculture production and sustainability could also be met through biotechnological innovations
