In Karnataka marine cage culture was attempted for the first time off Uppunda, near Byndoor by the Mangalore Research Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) with the financial assistance from National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB), Government of India

Dineshbabu, A P

Sasikumar, Geetha

Thomas, Sujitha

CMFRI Digital Repository

Fishing Chimes Vol. 31 No.1 / April 2011 Successful Demonstration of -Seabass cage culture in Karnataka A. P. Dlneshbabu, Sujltha Thomas and Geetha Sasikumar Mangalore Research Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute P. B. No. 244, Bolar, Mangalore, Karnataka- 575001 dineshbabuap@yahoo.co.in Marine fish production is getting pressure on the natural fish stocks, while continue to grow because of increasing stagnated due to increasing fishing the outlook is that demand for seafood will population, necessitating the adoption of Fig.1. Seed transport. Fig.2. Grading. Fig.3. Nursery cage installation. FigA. Nursery rearing. Fig.5. Collection of fishes from Fig.6. Opensea cage. nursery cage. Fig.7.0pensea cage mooring. Fig.B. Opensea cage stocking. Fig.9.Harvesting from marine cage. Fig.1 O.Harvested fishes in scoopnet. Fig .11 . Harvested fishes in boat. Fig. 12. Harvested fishes ready for sale. (g=' Fishing Chimes lIa fBrming pracllc@s for fish supply. Unde.r lhls se IlBrio the only at\ernallve is 10 adopt and pracUce locafion-speci Ie-maricu.t ure scHvl!ies. ln this context, cage culture hcts been Inl l ated a long the Karnalaka coas t of rndia to boost Ihe aquaculture produc on of thQ Sta te and also to €lmpower Iha fishe rmen by prov ing allernate livelihood optiOn duiiog lean fishing period. Kundapura Taluk in Udupi dislrict is novm for aquaculture p racl ice since lime immemo rIal and shrimp {arming was the mam vocation 01 many entrepreneurs in the area. Due to the recent setbacks in shrimp farming lhe traditional shrimp farmers are keGln on dlversifloaliof'\ or farming praotlces willl aliern(lle candidate species IfIHI r1nlisIlGs. crabs and bivalves. This new venlure of cage cu llUf has ralsed Ule hopes 01 S(3ven'lI 10 rear 'fua ll ty riflHshes In Ihe marine environmont. Thereto e, Idenli fication o f tho {as! g rowi ng Hshes. rea ring them i n cages and creating awareness among Ihe lishertolks WQuid go a lony way in a Igmenling sh product on In Ihe Stale. Developing marine cage farming w~1 help ill extending areas fo r maricullu re, conseIvl ng the pr.lsUne coasta l area OJ thoul au trophicatlon and pollu tion. The dave lopm~n t or oUslore cage culture augmQols not on ly thQ InCOIM generation and employmenl opporlon illes for fishe rmen , bul Qlso, promotes ancillary employment BvenwE!S rot manufactu ring IOtf· s l1ore cag es and accessory instrumentsl equipments for monitoring, grading, feeding etc. In Kamalaka. narjne cage {}ulture was alle.mpted tor the tirs t lime 011 Uppunda, near Byndoor by the Mangalore esearch C90lr e 01 Cent ra! Marine Fisheries Aeilearch InsWute (CMFAI) wllh Ihe !tnaneis! assfsl ance from Nat i o n ~1 Hsherl·es Developmr;:ml Board (NFDB) , Govemmenl of India. Primary Ihrost of the programme was to empower the fishermen community w Ih alternate vocal ions by providing h~nds·on Imming and capaclty building with conlinuous inleraction with se;ientlfic personnal ln flovel lechnologies. radltlonal fishermon soclely 01 Byndoor. was selected to. lake care of malntenaooe. Uppunda cQast wllh unpolluted coaSlai wal~rs am beach landmg tacliiUes was ro Ind dear or undertak i ng slIJeh emol'lstf.Mton acl ivilles. The obJectlve of Ihe pr ojec t was to design cages of rej'lsonablB sIze which can be 18ured 10. the shtJre during orf season , Iden ti Fy slock locally available fast growing hiQh value fish seed, understand the soclo - economic impac L of mooringeol shore cages along Ihe Kama-taka coasl and mal<e necessary changes accordJng to Iha location-specific tequfr0ment. Seabass culture in cages n\,/o lved (il' Collechon and trM sporlat'on of seeds, (ii) Hatchery rearing and grading of seed, (iii) Nursery rearing in earthern ponds and (iv) culture in open sea cages. I). Collection and transportation of seeds The seabass fry (45-55 mm) were prooured from Raj iv Gand j Centre ror Aqoac uliurQ (RGCA) , Shlrgall on 9'~ Soplember. 2009 and transported [0 a p Ivate halchery al 8ailur, Kamataka. The Meds were pack.ed at a stocking density of 175-250 nos.l bag a.od transported by (oad ar 25 lie in 19 h. The seeds in oxygen packed hags wefe Iransporled 10 the halchery faollity rQf rQaring. (fig. l) 1/) Hatchery Rearing The rearing of sea bass was carried out in 15 t indoor masonry tanks. The seeds were acclimatised to the rearing conditions by floating the bags for 30 ± 15 minutes, and thereafter slowly released into the water. The seabass seed of 45 mm size was slocked at the ra te or 500 nosl m:t and the larger juveniles of 55 mm size were stocked at 233 nosl m3 in the rearing facility. 1/1). Nursery Rearing Durio OctolJer-November, 2009, the advanC6d rngarlit'lgs from the hatchery with an aV9rag weighl of 2.09 each wera sloeked i nursery cages loated in the earlham pond in difterent batches. Eartllel1 ponds wllh depth ranging from I 10 1.5m proximate 10 tile os.[uarina area al Byndoof, (UHara Kannada District) was se lected. he pond was filled with water (27 to 33 ppl) during t e high tide. Water quality: The rearing was c~rried oul in ~ea wat er main lain€ld under coni ro llod condltio·ns . h (l seawaler was ffll ered usIng a Iller layered wUh gravel, sand and a,cl lva ted charcoal. he fHra1ion system y.' s wei malnla oed so as 10 ensure adequate nitr ffical i o • The filte red waler was chlorinated, dechlorfnated and slored f) overhe.atf tanks. Tho trealed wa ler was filled in tho masonry larval re Ting tanks bV .~ HvhatioMal lOW, Flow -Ihrouoh system ~as maintained at a now ra te 0 1 Vol. 31 No.1 IApril2011 500 I/h . The salinity of the seawater ranged from 26 to 33 ppt. The water temperature during the rearing period varied between 26 to 30°C . Feedi ,,·g : fish9s were led Iwlce daily at 12 hOur n terval with mported compounded feed al Il:)g reteot 8% body weight The fishes were '<'eeoed to rocally compounded p Ueled fead. elJetQd reed was supplemented w ttl mi nce comprising trash Ish . bivalve mea t and shrlmps d9pending on its ;lvaflabil Iy. VlIamro pram x W!lS add()d lo ille mince al Ihe rate of i%. Left-ove feeds were sJphol'led oul afler leedin ,a.longi Wit ll Ihe organic WHs le. Grading: Due to differential growth and highly cannibalistic nature of the species, fortnightly grading of seabass into a uniform size was carried out to minimise loss due to cannibalism. (Fig .2) Growth and survival rates: The seabass seed of 45-55 mm at stocking. reached 110 mm in 50 days with weight ranging from 20 to 25g by the end of October, 2009. The survival percentage was 94.2%. Pre-stocking managem ent : Pond preparation was carr ed QuI by drylng. Iflling, sedlmeJ11 removal, fe rti lisation, bo tom raking and dlsinfootlon, ten days p rior to stocking. The earl.hen pond was dr ad by draining the waler during Jow-lide by opening IhE) sluice gates as well as by pumping. Tt1e pH 01 the pond was main tained at around 7.5 by liming. The ponds were IiUed with water dlJr ng high tide after two days. The waler depl l 0 1.5m was maintained by pumping water from the intake poInt. r ha cE'lIwalk was conslructod fn tho pond lor feed,ng and mo ilori ng p t.I rposes, by erec ting Casuarjoa poles verlica.Uy into the pond bo ttom. Bamboo pores ware p laced I o(/2ontafly connecting t 19 vertical poles to serve as a working platform. (Fig.S) Nursory cage fabri ca ti on~ The nel cages W(lre fabricated uSIng PE ne! webbing of 15 mm t litrally. S(j~arQ cages of ,2x2x1 m were kept afloat by h ngin rrom HDPE frlIDl9S 01 3" diameler. Each square cage was allached with -II sealed 1" diameter HOPE (rame fined With s.and a1 the bottom as coullterwefghl. T he unlls WGle allowed 10 tloal In the water column 0.1 i .2 10 i .5 m depth for lacifilabng easy remova l of food materi al l:l nd waler fJ}<t I 8nlla I fl I h ho t1 r 1m, A h In! Imtrl"" netllng with 2x2m squli\ra fr ame was.elF" Fishi!"9 Chimes placed on the top of the cage to protect the fishes in cage. Stocking: The seabass fingerlings were transported from the hatchery during early morning hours by road in oxygenated tanks. They were transferred to the floating cages in the pond at the rate of 700 nosl cage, with an effective stocking density of 175 nos./ cu. m. The cages were fastened to wooden poles fixed near the catwalk.initially to facilitate feeding. Eventually the cages were allowed to float freely inside the pond for continuous flushing of water inside the cage. This also avoided accumulation of waste under the net cage. Water quality: Water exchange was carried out by opening the sluice gates and draining the pond during the low tide. The sluice shutters were opened to facilitate the exchange of feed laden b'bttom water. Fresh seawater was pumped daily only during high tide to avoid mixing of pond effluents . The paddlewheel aerators were operated in the pond to increase oxygen level and to prevent thermal stratification. The temperature ranged from 28-30°C, salinity 26-28 ppt, pH 7.8-7.96 and Dissolved oxygen 5 - 6.26 mg/J. Feeding: Feeding began one day after stocking at the rate of 7% of the body weight twice daily. The quantities fed weekly followed a theoretical regime starting at 7% and declining to 5% for compounded feed mixed with trash fish mince. The net cages were checked daily after feeding and periodically cleaned to allow water circulation inside the cage (Fig.4) Collection from nursery pond: The seabass reared in the nursery were collected in batches by lifting the net cages and transported in Conl'd from page .... 67 C,Mohanakumaran Nair Prof. (Dr.) Nair is actively involved in planning and executing aquaculture development programmes in Kerala collaborating with the government's Ministry of Fisheries. He is the nominated member of the Executive Committee, and Governing Council of the Agency for Development of Aquaculture in Kerala (ADAK). During this period, the first multispecies hatchery under the State Dept. of Fisheries was commissioned at Odayam, Varkala Beach. An innovative Action Plan for the renovation of the Poyya Farm under ADAK was also developed and oxygenated tanks -to the grow-out site during December, 2009, after rearing for 45 to 50 days. Average weight of fish in pond while harvesting was about 80-100 g and survival rate was 80 % (fig.5). IV). Grow-out in open-sea floating cages comprehensive survey was conducted with the view of identifying the ideal site for open sea cage farming in Upunda. The survey covered the water level during the lowest low tide, bottom topography, sediment characters, salinity profile etc. Particulars of current using pattern of the cage site was collected to make sure that the cage installation did not hamper existing fishing activity and regular movement of boats in the area. Cage Installation: Circular cages of 6m diameter were installed at the site selected during pre-survey. The inner net comprising 24 mm mesh sized net webbing was fixed to the upper cage frame. The outer predator net fabricated using 40 mm mesh size was fixed to the outer cage frame. The counter weight consisted of a 2.5" HOPE pipe filled with 100 kg iron chain, fixed to the predator net. (Fig.6) The fishes collected from nursery ponds were initially reared in two circular cages which were temporarily installed in the saline creek, due to delay in mooring of marine cage at a stocking density of @ 3,5001 cage, until last week of January, 2010. Mooring: One cage was moored in open waters of Uppunda during the last week of January, 2010 at 6 m depth, but 2 km from the shore. The net cages were moored using gabbion boxes filled with 70 nos of geo-bags. Each of the geo-bags implemented. Prof. (Dr.) Nair has also been functioning as Chairman/Member of various fisheries and education committees constituted by the governments of India and Kerala, including the Task Force on Inland F.isheries and Aquaculture, Expert Committee on formulating a Draft Fisheries and Aquaculture Leasing Policy in Kerala, Disease Management and Surveillance Committee, and a number of Expert Committee Reports were submitted to the Govt.Prof. (Dr.) Nair has attended many international aquaculture conferences to present several invited and keynote lectures, and he also chaired various technical sessions In the World Aquaculture Vol. 31 No.1 IApril2011 were filled with 45 kg of gravel and secured by fastening the opening with 0.5 mm twine. The Qabbion box was placed on sandy bottom by visually examining the area with the help of a diver. The cage was moored to the gabbion box using alloy steel moulded 14 mm chain long-linked and 16 mm short-linked, moulded with 5t threshold swivels (fig.7) Stocking: After the mooring of open sea cage, sea bass of 160-205 mm length (which were temporarily reared in saline creek) were pooled together and stocked in opensea cage at a stocking density of 6,082/cage. (fig.8). Feeding: Fishes were fed ad libitum with mince comprising trash fish, bivalve meat and juvenile shrimps (approximately at the rate of 8-10% of the body weight) along with compounded feed. Monitoring: The net webbing was periodically cleaned by involving the local fishermen. The inner net was exchanged for removing the epibionts once in a month. Growth and Production: The fishes were reared in marine cage till 151 June, 2010. Harvesting was carried out in three batches (fig.9) . First partial harvest was carried out on 20-04-2010, during which 1,720 numbers of fishes weighing 300 to 600g were harvested. In the second partial harvest conducted on 24-04-2010 1,994 nos. of fishes were harvested with 350 to 600 of each. The final harvest was carried out on 01-06-2010. At this harvest, 480 numbers of seabass weighing 500-680 g each were harvested (fig.10). Total harvested number from opensea cage was 4,194, registering a survival of about 70 %. Maximum size attained was 680 g (380 mm) and the total production from a 6 m dia. cage with- a depth of 2.5 m was 2.085t (fig. 11 and 12). ~~~ Meetings. Besides, he organised several national and international fisheries and aquaculture Conferences as Chairmanl Convener that had a real impact in promoting the fisheries and aquaculture sector in India. The Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2011 Meeting of WAS-APC, in conjunction with the Giant Prawn 2011 meeting, that Prof. (Dr.) recently organised at Kochi jointly with the World Aquaculture SOCiety, drew significant international attention. This Conference was attended by international delegates from more than 40 countries with over 1000 delegates. He had also organised the first International Conference on Freshwater Prawns in 2003 at Kochi. ~~~ 

Successful Demonstration of - Seabass cage culture in Karnataka

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Successful Demonstration of - Seabass cage culture in Karnataka

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