Studies on the distribution and seasonal changes in tHe marine aLgal flora was made for a period of one year from July '83 to June '84 by making fortnightly collection of algae from intertidal and subtidal regions upto 1.0 m depth at seven localities along Mandapam coast namely Rameswaram, Pamban, Krusai Island, Thonithurai, Seeniappa Darga, Pudumadam and Kilakarai. Totally 104 algal species belonging to the groups Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta and Cyanophyta were recorded from these places. A maximum number of 77 algal species at Krusadai Island and a minimum number of 35 species at Rameswaram were recorde

Kaliaperumal, N

Kalimuthu, S

Ramalingam, J R

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Seaweed Res. Utiln 15(1&2): 119-126 DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL CHANGES OF MARINE ALGAL FLORA FROM SEVEN LOCALITIES AROUND MANDAPAM Abstract S. Kalimuthu, N. Kaliperumal and J.R. Ramalingam Regional Cenne of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Marine Fisheries - 623 520, Tamil Nadu Stuejies on the distribution and seasonal changes in t~e marine a1'gal' flora was madc for a period of one year from July '83 to June ' 84 by malcing fortnightly collection of algae from intertidal and subtidal regions upto 1.0 m depth at seven localities along Mandapam coast namely Rameswaram, Pamban, Krusai Island, Thonithurai, Seeniappa Darga, Pudumadam and Kilakarai . Totally 104 algal species belonging to the groups Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta and Cyanophyta were recordcd from these places. A maximum number of 77 algal species at Krusadai Island and a minimum number of 35 species at Rameswaram were recorded. Introduction Floristic studies on the marine algae growing in Mandapam area were made by several workers. Chacko et at (1955) listed the algal flora of Krusadai Island. Varma ( 1959) studied the seasonal succession of algae on a fresh substratum at Paik Bay. Umamaheswara Rao (1969) listcd 182 algal species from different localities around Mandapam. Studies were made on the ecology or intenidal algae of Mandapam coast (Umamaheswar Rao, 1972 a) and the algae occurring on the coral reefs at Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay (Umamaheswara Rao, 1972 b) and also betwcen Pamban and Theedai (Umamabeswara Rao, 1973). Subbaramaiah (1974) studied the algal vegetation at Mandapam Camp in the Gulf of Mannar during different seasons in a year. Subbaramaiah et at (1977) studied the distribution pattern of algae at Pamban. The marine algae occurring between Mandapam and Kil akar<lI and Gulf of Mannar Islands including Krusadai Island were recorded during the seaweed resources survey conducted along the Tamil Nadu coast by Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute and Dept. of Fisheries, Govt. of Tamil Nadu during 1"911 -1976 (Anon, 1978). The present study was undertaken with a view to know the changes taken place in the algal composition and the seasonal changes in the distribution during one year period from seven important seaweed growing bcalities of Mandapam area. The information collected in the present investigation would be very much useful to the seaweed industries about the occurrence of economically important agar and algin yielding seaweeds for commercial exploitation and collection of seed materials from the available localities for cultivation. The data collected for a period of one year from July '83 to June '84 are presented in this communication. Area investigated Mandapam is situated (780 08'E and 90 17' N) on the southeast coast of Tamil Nadu in between Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar in the nonh and south side (Fig. I). Seven stations namely Rameswaram, Pamban, Krusadai Island, Thonithurai, Seeniappa Darga, Pudumadam and Kilakarai were selected for ;:::; a PALK BAY t 9(121 S P~(Jo\tADSl!l!fY/4PPA 04~. <4Af.. .~ o = 0 ..., Lp(RUSADAI ISI.AND ~ • c;::::=<' • 910 rf1 G U L F OF MANNAR I 5Km , 7940 78-50 7!ii'0 7!f 10 7!f 20 Fig.l . Map showing the collection localities around Mandapam. 121 Table 1. List of marine algae recorded at seven localities of Mandapam coast during July '83 to June '84 51 No. Name of the algae CHLOROPHYJA I. Enleromorpha eompressa (Linn.) Grev. • 2. E. inleslina/is (Linn) Link 3. Ulva laeluea Linnaeus • 4. U. relieulala Forsskal • 5. Chaelomorpha aerea (DilJw.) Kuetz. 6. C. amennina (Bory) Kuetz. • 7. C. /inoides (Ag.) Kuetz. • 8. Cladophora faseieularis (Mertens) Kuetz. 9. Rhizoclonium Iwehianum Kuetz. 10. Bryopsis by pnoides Lamouroux II. B. plumosa (Huds.) Ag. 12. Cau/epra ehemnilzia (Esper) Lamour. 13. C. eorynephara Montagne 14. C. cupressoides (Yah!) c. Ag. 15. C·fergusoniiMurray 16. C. peltala Lamouroux 17. C. laelevirens Montagne 18. C. raeemosa (Forssk.) 1. Ag. 19. C. sealpelliJormis (R.Br.) C. Ag. 20. C. sedoides (R.Br.) C.Ag. f. crassieau/is 1.Ag. 21. C. serrulala (Forssk.) 1. Ag. 22. C. serlularioities (Gmelin) ~owe f . longisela 1. Ag. 23. C. Iaxi[o/ia (Yahl) C. Ag. • 24. Aeelabularia ealyeu/us Quiot et Guimard • 25. Neomeris annu/ala Dickie 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 3 4 5 6 7 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 122 26. Anrainvillae erecta (Berle.) Gepp + 27. Chlorodesmis hildebrandtii A. & E.S. Gepp + + * 28. Codium adhaerens Anderson + + 29. Halimeda gracilis Harv. ex. 1. Ag. + + + + + + 30. H. macroloba Decaisne + + + + + * 31. Andyomene stellata (Wulf.) C. Ag. + 32. Boergeseniaforbesii (Harv.) Feldmann + + + + + + * 33. Cladopharopsis zoolingeri (Kuetz.) Boergs. + + + + + 34. Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (Forsslc.) Boergs. + + + * 35. Microdictyon tenuis (Ag) Decsne + * 36. Valonia aegagrophila C. Ag. + + 37. Valoniopsis pachynema (Manens) Boergs. + + + + + PHAEOPHYTA * 38. Ectocarpus breviarriculatus 1. Ag. + + + • 39. Sphacelaria furcigera Kuetzing + * 40. S. tribuloides Meneghini + • 41. Dicryopteris delicatula Lamouroux + * 42. Dictyota barraryresiana Lamouroux + + + + + * 43. D. dichatoma (Huds.) Lamouroux + + + + + + + 44. Padina boergesenii Allender and Kraft + + + + + + + 45. Pocockiella variegata (Lam our.) Papenfuss + + 46. Stoechaspermum marginatum (C. Ag.) Kuetz. + + + + • 47. Colpomenia sinuosa Derbes et Sol. + + + + + * 48. Y droclathrus clarhrarus C.Ag. + + + + * 49. Rosenvingea intricata (1. Ag.) Boergs. + + 50. Cystoserira trinodis (Forsskal) C. Ag. + + 51. flormophysa triquetra (Linnaeus) Kuetz. + 52. Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) 1. Ag. + + + + 53. S. myriocystum 1. Ag. + + + + + + 54. S. plagiophy/lum (Men.) Agardh + 55. S. wighrii Greville + + + + + + + 56. Turbinaria conoides Kuetzing + + + + 57. T. decurrens Bory + + 123 58. T. ornnta J. Ag. + + + RHODOPHYTA • 59. Uagora ereeta Zeh + + + + • 60. GalllXflUTa oblongata Lamouroux + 61. Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis + + 62. Pterocladia heteroplatos (Boergs.) Umamaheswara Rao et Kaliaperumal + + + + + + 63 . . Gelidiella aeerosa (Forsskal) et Hamel + + + + + • 64. Chondroeoeeus hornemnnii (Merl) Schmitz + 65. Amphiroa aneeps (Lamk.) Decsne + 66. A Jragilissimn (Linnaeus) Lamouroux + + + + + + 67. Cheilosporium speetabile Harvey + + + + 68. Jania rubens (Linnaeus) Lamour. + + + + + + + 69. Grateloupiajilicina (Wulf.) J. Ag. + + + + 70. G. lithophila Boergesen + + 71. Gelidiopsis variabilis (Greville) Schmitz + + + + 72. Gracilarin areUflta Zan. var. areUflta Umamaheswarn Rao + + + 73. G. eortieata var. eortieata J. Ag. + + + + 74. G. eOr/ieata J. Ag. var. eylindriea Umamaheswara Rao + + + + + 75. G. erassa (Harvey) J. Ag. + + + + 76. G. edulis (Gmelin) Silva + + + + 77. G.folifera (Forsskal) Boergs. + + + • 78. G. leTrUJneiformis (Bory) Weber van Bosse + + + + • 79. G. textoril (Suringar) J. Ag. + • 80. SareoneTrUJ Jureellatum San. + + + + • 81. Solierin robusta (Greville) Kylin + 82. Hynpea museiformis (Wulf.) Lamour. + + + + 83. H. ponnosa J. Ag. + 84. H. valentine (Turner) Montagne + + + + + + + • 85. Gymnogongrus pygmaeus. (Greville) J. Ag. + • 86. Gigartina aeieularis (Wulf.) Lamouroux + + + + + 87. Champin globuli/era Boergesen + + + + 124 &&. C. parvula (C. Ag.) Harvey + + + + + + + 89. Centroceras clavulatum (c. Ag.) Mont. + + + + + + + • 90. Ceramium cruciatum Collins eL Harvey + + + + + + + • 91. Spyridiajilamen/osa (Wulf.) Harvey + • 92. Nitophyllum marginale Harvey + 93. Acanthophora muscoides (Linnaeus) Boergs, + + + + + + 94. A. spicifera (Vahl) Boergs. + + + + + + + • 95. Falkenbergia hillebrandii (BomeL) Falkenberg + + • 96. Herposiphonia insidiosa (Greville) Falkenb. + + + + 97. Laurencia obtusa (Huds.) Lamoucoux + + + + + 98. L. papillosa (Forsskal) GreviUe + + + + + + + 99. L. poitei (Lamouroux) Howe + + + + + • 100. Leveillea jungumannoides (Mert. eLHering) fbuvey + + + • 10l. Polysiphonia unguiformis Boergs. + + + + + • 102. Roschera glomerulata (C. Ag.) Webber van Bosse + CYANOPHYTA • 103. Lyngbya majuscu/a Harvey ex GomonL + + + + + + + • 104. Phormidium te!We (Meneghini) Gomont + + Available - NoL available • Seasonal occurrence Table 2. Number or genera and species or marine algae coUected from seven localities at Mandapam coast SI Locality Chlorophyta Phaeophyta Rbodophya Cyanophyta Total No. Genera Species Genera Species Genera Species Genera Species Genera Species 1. Rameswaram 10 15 3 4 11 15 1 25 25 2.Pamban 8 16 7 11 14 17 I 1 30 45 3. Krusadai Island 17 29 12 17 20 30 50 77 4. ThoniLhurai 15 26 10 15 22 31 I I 48 73 5. Seeniappa Darga 10 20 4 6 17 24 1 1 32 51 6. Pudurnadam 13 24 8 12 23 29 2 2 46 67 7. Kilalcarai 10 18 6 7 17 23 I 34 49 125 this study (FigJ) since they bear luxuriant growth of seaweeds throughout the year. At Rameswaram, Thonithwai, Seeniappa Darga, Pudwnadam and Kilakarai, the shore is sandy with boulders and platforms of compressed sandstones with rough end uneven surfaces situated at different level from high water to Tow water. At Pamban and Krusadai Island, the shore is mainly sandy with patches of dead coral pieces and coral heads in low water level which get completely submerged during high tide and exposed during low tide. MateriaJ and Methods Fortnightly collection of algae during spring tide periods from the intertidal and subtidal region uplD 1.0 m depth were made from seven stations. The available macroalgae were collectOO in polythene bags and microalgae separately in specimen tubes and transported in wet condition with seawater. They were sorted out and identified in the laboratory. Results and Discussion The list of marine algae recorded from July '83 to June '84 from the seven localities are given in Table 1. The total number of ger.era and species of marine algae occurring in each station are given in Table 2. Totally 104 species of algae were recorded from all stations, of which 37 species belong to Chlorophyta. 21 species of Phaeophyta, 44 species of Rhodopyta and 2 species to Cyanophyta (Table I). Out of 104 species, 44 species were seasonal and occurred during some part of the year (Table I), while 60 species occurred during the whole year. Among these seven stations, maximum number of 77 species at Krusadai Island and minimum number of 35 species at Rameswaram were recorded. A total nwnber of 73 species from Thonithurai, 67 species from Pudumadam, 51 species from Seeniappa Durga and 49 species from Kilakarai and 45 species from Pamban were recorded (Table 2). In all stations, the distribution of green and red algae were almost equal in number and more than brown and blue-green algae. In the present study the IDtai Dlllllber of algal species observed at Rameswaram, Pamban, Krusadai Island, Pudumadam and Kilakarai is more than that recorded by Umamaheswara Rao (1969) from these places. Chacko el al (1955) have reported 134 algae and Krishnamurthy and Joshi (1970) have listed 103 species from Krusadai Island. But in the present study only 77 species are found at Krusadai Island. This may be due to !lie changes in the ecologial and' environmental conditions within the intermittant period. Literature cited Anon 1978 Report on surveyor marine algal resources of Tamil Nadu 1971-1976, CSMCRI, Bhavanagar pp 1-25 Chacko, P.I., S. Mahadevan & R. Ganesan 1955 A guide to the field study of the fauna and flora of Krusadai Island. Gulf of Mannar Conlr. mar. bio. St. Krusadai Island, 3: 1-16 Krishnamurthy, V. & H. V. Joshi 1970 A check-list of Indian Marine Algae CSMCRI. Bhavanagar, pp. 1-36 Subbaramaiab. K. 1974 Intertidal ecology of a rocky shore at Mandapam Camp. India Indian J. mar. Sci .• 3 (1): 58-60 ............... --------------------126 Subbaramaiah, K., M.R.P. Nair & V. Krishnamurthy 1977 Distribution pattern of marine algae on the shore of Pamban Seaweed Res. Utiln., 2 (2):74-77 Umamaheswara Rao, M. 1969 Catalogue of marine algae in the reference collection of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Bull. cen!. mar. Fish. Res. Ins!., 9: 37-48 Umamaheswara Rao, M. 1972 a Ecological observation on some intertidal algae of Mandapam coast Proc Indian naU. Sci. Acad., 38 (3&4): 298-307 Umamaheswara Rao, M. 1972 b Coral reef flora of Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay Proc. Symp. Corals and Coral Reefs, Mar. bioI. Assn. India, Mandapam Camp, pp.217-230 Umamaheswara Rao, M. 1973 The seaweed potential of the seas around India Proc. Symp. on Living Resources of the Seas Around India, pp.687-692 Vanna, R.P. 1959 Studies on the succession of marine algae on a fresh subslratum in Palk Bay Proc. Indian Acad. Sci, B.49: 245-263 

Distribution and seasonal changes of marine algal flora from seven localities around Mandapam

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Distribution and seasonal changes of marine algal flora from seven localities around Mandapam

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