The Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE)

is the pioneering Institute in the field of post-graduate Fisheries

Education in the country. The Institute was established

at Bombay in the year 1961 under the Ministry of Agriculture,

Government of India. The administrative control of

the Institute has been transferred to the Indian Council of

Agricultural Research (ICAR) with effect from 1st April,

1979. The Institute with its Headquarters at Bombay has

training centres at Barrackpore (West Bengal), Kakinada

(Andhra Pradesh) and Chinhet (Uttar Pradesh)

Sreekrishna, Y

CMFRI Digital Repository

40 YEARS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN MARINE FISHERIES IN INDIA A Souvenir issued at the National Symposium on Research and Development in Marine Fisheries held at Mandapam Camp, 16-18 September 1987, to mark the 40th Anniversary of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin (fiu/ian Council of Agricultural Research) P. B. No. 2704, E. R. G. Road, Cochin-682 031 Central Institute of Fisheries Education ESTABLISHMENT AND FACILITIES The Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE) is the pioneering Institute in the field of post-graduate Fish-eries Education in the country. The Institute was established at Bombay in the year 1961 under the Ministry of Agri-culture, Government of India. The administrative control of the Institute has been transferred to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) with effect from 1st April, 1979. The Institute with its Headquarters at Bombay has training centres at Barrackpore (West Bengal), Kakinada (Andhra Pradesh) and Chinhet (Uttar Pradesh). Besides the training centres, CIFE has a 7.5 ha fresh-water fish farm at Balabhadrapuram and an 8.0 ha brackish-water fish farm at Kakinada, both in Andhra Pradesh. At Powarkheda of Madhya Pradesh, CIFE has a 44 ha fresh-water fish farm. These fish farms serve as field training cen-tres for the students and trainees, 36.57 metre M. V. SARA-swATi, a deepsea going sophisticated research-cum-fishing vessel, and two other trawlers NARMADA AND SUNDARBANS, offer facilities for onboard training and research program-mes. The Institute has a well-equipped workshop and a rich library — one of the richest so far as collection of books on fisheries and its allied subjects are concerned. In view of the international character of oceans and common interest of neighbouring countries, CIFE was shap-ed to become an area of excellence in higher education in fisheries for the Afro-Asia Region. The FAQ of the United Nations actively collaborated with the Govt, of India in organising and developing this Institute for a period of 4i years from September 1964 to March 1969, providing sop-histicated modern equipments for effective instruction in all branches of fisheries science and also expertise of high stand-ard. OBJECTIVES The major objectives of the Institute are: (a) To conduct under-graduate, post-graduate and doctoral degree programmes and certificate course in fishery science (b) To conduct research in basic disciplines, viz. genetics, nutrition, ichthyopathology, reproduction, physiology etc. (c) To conduct short-term and long-term training courses in different specialised disciplines of fisheries sciences (d) To demonstrate on a limited scale the proven techno-logies developed by the ICAR fisheries institutes FUNCTIONS The Institute conducts specialised courses on all aspects of fisheries besides research and extension. These courses relate mainly to training of personnel of State fisheries de-partments and fisheries organisations and some sponsored private trainees. The Institute has started a new academic course of 2 years M.Sc. (Fisheries Management) from the academic year 1984-85. The course is affiliated to the Uni-versity of* Bombay. The first course started with 12 students who passed out in 1986, 11 of them securing first class. REGULAR COURSES DEGREES/DIPLOMAS Ann- Candi- Time ual ad- dates of ad-mission passed mission 1. 2 years Post graduate dip- 40 693 July loma in Fisheries Science (D.F.Sc) at CIFE, Bom-bay Headquarters. 61 One-year post graduate cer-tificate course in Inland Fisheries Develooment & Administration at Inland Fisheries Training Unit, Bar-rackpore, West Bengal. 10 months post graduate cer-tificate course in Fisheries Extension at Kakinada, An-dhra Pradesh. 9 months certificate course in Inland Fisheries Opera-tives at Chinhat, Lucknow, U.P. 40 985 June 25 20 40 734 12 June June as M.Sc. (Fisheries Manage-ment) 2 years, at CIFE, Bombay, under affiliation to Bombay University. The Institute is recognised by many Indian universities a study centre for Masters and Doctorate degrees by research in applied Zoology and Bio-chemistry. CIFE Bombay ICAR has agreed in principle to grant a "Deemed Uni-versity Status" to CIFE. The proposal in this regard is under active consideration of the University Grants Commission, New Delhi. The Institute organise workshops/seminars/colloquia on the aspects of marine fisheries and its development. So far as extension activities on marine fisheries are concerned, the Institute organise and participate in national exhibitions in a big way sometimes in collaboration with its sister con-cerns D.O.D., CMFRI, CIFT, MPEDA etc. ACHIEVEMENTS EDUCATION AND TRAINING The Institute has so far trained 2,619 candidates under various courses including 76 candidates sponsored from neighbouring developing countries of Africa and Asia re-gions. More than 500 dissertations on different research/deve-lopmental aspects including aspects of marine fisheries have been prepared by the trainees towards partial fulfilment of their courses at Bombay, Barrackpore and Hyderabad. 62 ^ Since her inception, the Institute remained engaged pri-marily in education. However, after it joined to ICAR in 1979 research and extension became two more important aspects of activities of the Institute. Some of the recent re-search works in the field of marine fisheries are as follows: COASTAL ZONE MONITORING OF POLLUTION Keeping in view the pollution problems, studies on the intertidal macrobenthic fauna of deteriorated mangrove eco-system off Seven Bungalows, Bombay, were taken up to ass-ess the degree of pollution. Macrobenthic fauna of mangroove swamps were chiefly consisted of foraminiferans, polychaetes, crabs, pelecypeds and gastropods. Maximum population density 39,685 was of Potamides cubgykatys in the vicinity of mangroove swamps associated with sandy substratum. Percentage of organic matter was more with fine sand. STOCK ASSESSMENT OF MARINE FISHERIES OF WEST COAST A study of Gonadosomatic Index of Otolithus argenteus revealed that the fish has three spawning spouts. The first minor spawning in December-January, the main spawning in May-July and another minor spawning in September-October. The major forage of Johnius carutta has been found to be Acetes sp., maximum attainable theoretical weight of 317 g. It grows at an annual rate corresponding to K value of 9.91. Metapenaeus dobsoni breeds almost throughout the year resulting in almost uniform recruitment into the fishabk stock throughout the year. Average sustainable yield of this prawn is estimated to be 945 tonnes off' Quilon during the southwest monsoon period. Effort required is estimated to be 334 trawlers oper-ating 8 hours per day during the monsoon season. Coilia dussumieri attains theoretical maximum length' of 285 mm and weight of 30 g. This stock is found to suf-fer a natural mortality of 1.3 (M) and fishing mortality of 1.7 (F) and the yield (weight) per recruit is only 3.1 g. I^' %g&if^i M.V. Saraswathi Training in fish processing 63 Oceanographic training on board M.V. Saraswatlii Prawn hatcliery development training MELANOSIS OF PRAWN Black-spotted prawns caused by the action of the en-zyme poly-phcnalase oxidase (PPO), called "Melanosis"', are frequently encountered in prawn landings of Bombay during monsoon. The Institute has worked out PPO enzymes in Penaeid prawns like M. affinis, M. hrevicornis, P. monodon, P. hardi-wicki and Solenocera crassicornis and non-penaeid prawns like Acetes indicus and Poleomon teniups. Measures for pre-vention of Melanosis have been suggested. LIVE AND FORMULATED FEED FOR PRAWN LARVAE Intensive culture of zooplankton viz. Moina, Brachio-nus, Daphnia, Fahrea salina (not reported earlier from In-dia) and Artemia were undertaken and their efficacy as live feed have been tested. Cheap and efficient method for cul-ture of these organisms utilising commonly available animal waste have been evolved. Biology, ecology and optimum con-ditions required for raising the crop of Artemia have been intensively studied and a system has been developed to main-tain a continuous mass culture of the animal to feed prawn larvae in the hatchery system. Side by side a number of cheap feed viz. Acetes sus-pension, squilla and egg custard have been tried and for-mulated from abundantly available cheap raw material. SOCIO-ECONOMICS STUDY OF ROLE AND STATUS OF FISHERWOMEN The socio-economic conditions of fisherwomen of Ver-sova village with special reference to their role and status were studied. The study revealed that the fisherwomen of Versova assist their family members, earn income through fish sales, participate in decision making and take care of their families. Majority of women were satisfied with their present role in the family and did not like to disturb their role of a happy housewife by taking a more active part in income generation. SHOREWARD MOVEMENT OF LO»V OXYGEN LAYERS Data collected at fish landing centres of Bombay indi-cated that high catch of marine prawns, P. merguiensis, P. -64 indicus, Solennocera indica and Acetes spp. arc landed dur-ing monsoon. Hydrobiological studies by M.F.V. SARASWATI had confirmed the high catch due to the effect of monsoon season. Associated with this oceanographic phenomenon, the prawn populations migrate inshore and yield high catches. This finding adds new dimension to the management of prawn catch from coastal areas and hence calls for a review of policy for coastal fishing during South West monsoon months in the Maharashtra coastal region and a major re-search project for indepth study of the problem. DEEP SEA FISHING The results of exploratory fishing of M.F.V. SARASWATI have indicated that the fish abundance during monsoon and post-monsoon months off Maharashtra coast in the deeper waters of 100-250 m depth is low due to low oxygen. NEW BUOYANCY TESTING METHOD CIFE has introduced a simple method of calculation of buoyancy of floats for the demonstration of the system to the trainees. This facility is now being used as a teaching aid. HIGH OPENING TRAWL FOR FISHING SHRIMP The Fishery Technology Division of CIEF has initiated a project on high opening trawls. Three new designs of high opening trawls were fabricated and put to test by com-parative fishing along with 21 m traditional shrimp trawl from 38 feet vessel M.F.V. NARMADA. Among the three designs, 20.70 m high opening two seam shrimp trawls has given better results during comparative fishing experiments. 20.70 m high opening trawl landed 1.82 times more catch than the traditional 21 m. COMPUTERISING MARINE RESOURCES AND OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA Software for data documentation and analysis has been developed for fisheries resources survey data. The explora-tory survey by deep sea going research-cum-training vessel SARASWATI is generating scientific data on fish catch and en-vironment. This basic raw data is quality-checked, processed and documented, using a Microcomputer HCL-WORKHORSE LEVEL-3B in four standard schedules covering haul-wise catch, species composition, environmental data and length/weight sampling of catch. The detailed processed data provides information on fisheries resources of a selected area in the EEZ. Normally processing of raw fishing data used to take about a year or more for dissemination. With com-puterisation it is now done within a fortnight after the com-pletion of cruises which is very helpful for investment plan-ning in marine fisheries by the fishing industry and for for-mulating joint ventures. PRODUCTIVE UTILISATION OF COASTAL SANDY BEACHES Soils of beaches around metropolitan cities are rich in organic contents. In Bombay cultivation of Methi (Trigo-ne.h fosnum - graecum) which is a green vegetable, pre-vails. Beach soil is sandy with 1-3% organic matter and is suitable for methi cultivation of short duration. Poor fami-lies of the working classes have been cultivating Methi all along the beaches for their livelihood. The crop gets ready within 7 days. A family earns Rs. 150-200 per day from this short duration crop. EXPLORATORY FISHING/TRAINING/RESEARCH ON BOARD VESSEL M.F.V. SARASWATI Till the end of 1986, M.F.V. SARASWATI the deep sea going 36.5 meter research cum training vessel of CIFE has conducted 50 cruises, spread over 385 days on training de-monstration and research programmes. In all 640 personnel of CIFE, DOD, CIFT, CMFRI and the fisheries departments of Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, teachers sponsor-ed by N.C.E.R.T. and research scholars of Maldives, parti-cipated in the cruises. During her cruises, new productive fishing grounds have been located. Identification, biology and population dynamics of some of the fishes have been studied intensively and their stocks assessed. Physico-chemical changes along north-west coast of India in relation to fisheries have been studied with a view to understanding the fluctuations in cat-ches of some commercially important fishes. 65 Methi cultivation on beach UTILIZATION OF LOW PRICED FISH The Institute demonstrated successfully better and effec-tive utilisation of low value fish by developing fish wafers, fish icheema, dried laminated bombayduek, smoked mac-kerel, eels, etc- and conducted training programmes on these aspects. EXTENSION ACTIVITIES OF MARINE FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT Keeping the national priorities in mind the Institute organised workshops/seminar on multiuse of coastal zone in 1976 and on management of marine living resources with-in the Indian EEZ in December 1981. A training programme exclusively designed to cater to the needs of coastguard personnel was also organised by the Institute. The facility of the vessel was extended to the maritime states and the different fisheries organisation under ICAR (CMFRI, CIFT) to cater to their needs. Studies have also been made on particular aspects of economics of fishing operations includ-ing wages and wage structure, marketing margins, coopera-tives etc. along the Maharashtra coast. Socio-economic con-ditions of the fisherwomen and their role in fishing industry have also been made. Recognising the role played by the Institute in human resources development in fisheries, the Commonwealth Secre-tariat, London, sponsored an Aquaculture Training for Africa '/Asia region to train the middle level managers in Aquacul-ture in developing their skills in management of fish farms. The programme conducted by the Institute during June-July, 1983, was so designed that the knowledge acquired and experience gained by them in India could stand in good stead for development of aquaculture in their respective countries. Participants were drawn from Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Zambia, Gambia, Sierra Leone and Egypt. The Institute has also gone in for active participation in national and international exhibitions and fairs nol only to create awareness but also to propagate various technolo-g'.es developed by the Institute, as was done at the exhi-bition "Ocean & its Resources" held at New Delhi on Nov-ember 14, 1983, highlighting the opportunities to rural youth in aquaculture. It has also organised seminars and workshops all over India like "Aquatic conservation and Angling" at Pongdam H.P. (1984) "Coastal Aquaculture" at Cochin, "Mass Awareness Convenient" at Durg, M.P. (1986) etc. The Institute is also utilising mass media from time to time in propagating the technologies. The programme entitled "In search of Fish" on the activities of the Institute modern vessel M.V. SARASWATI produced by Bombay Door-darshan was^alst) telecast on a couple of occasions. The im-pressive achievements of the Institute during the last quar-ter of a century were largely made possible by the active cooperation and assistance of the concerned State Govern-ments and national and international agencies. The Institute can take pride in that the alumini of this Institute had oc-cupied and a number of them continue to accupy pivotal positions in fisheries development in India and neighbouring developing countries like Nigeria, Fiji, Sri Lanka, Indonesia and Sudan. Also some of the former staff members of the Institute are today highly placed in the Institute and are on the advisory panel of recognised national and international or-ganisations connected with fisheries management and deve-lopment. They also act as experts for evaluation of projects formulated by financial and development organisations. CIEF has enormous responsibilities in fulfilling the national prior-ities and meet the requirements in Human Resources Deve-lopment in Fisheries at national and international levels. Communicated by Prof. Y. Sreekrishna, Director, CIFE, Bombay - 400085. 66 

Central Institute of Fisheries Education

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Central Institute of Fisheries Education

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