Puri, one of the southern districts of Orissa has

155 kms of coast line with 35 fishing villages and

12 landing centres. Nuagarh (Astarang), Pentakota,

Konark (Chandrabhaga), Kaliakona, Arkhakuda are

the major landing centres. Nuagarh is the only fishing

harbour in Puri district. The present report highlights

the marine fish landings for 20 years from 1987-2006

from Puri district

Ammini, P L

Augustine, Sindhu K

Khambadkar, Lata

CMFRI Digital Repository

C M Y K6 Marine Fisheries Information Service T&E Ser., No. 195, 2008Puri, one of the southern districts of Orissa has155 kms of coast line with 35 fishing villages and12 landing centres. Nuagarh (Astarang), Pentakota,Konark (Chandrabhaga), Kaliakona, Arkhakuda arethe major landing centres. Nuagarh is the only fishingharbour in Puri district. The present report highlightsthe marine fish landings for 20 years from 1987-2006from Puri district.According to the latest Marine Fisheries Censusconducted by the Department of Animal Husbandry,Dairying & Fisheries, Govt. of India and CMFRI(ICAR) in 2005, there are 9,972 fishermen families inPuri with 45,575 fisher population. Among the 13,854adult males, 9,765 are engaged in full time activefishing, while 2,199 are parttime fishermen and 663are occassionals. Most of the full time activefishermen  are from Pentakota and Chandrabhagavillages. 5,007 males and 5,360 females are involvedin allied activities like marketing of fish, net makingand repair, fish curing and processing, peeling andas labourers.Peak marine fish landings of 23,101 tonnes wererecorded in Puri district during 2006. The first salevalue of this landings amounts to rupees 91 crores.Nearly 26% of the marine fish landings in Orissa isfrom Puri district.CraftsAs per the Marine Fisheries Census 2005 Reportof Orissa, there are 3,112 crafts in Puri district out ofwhich 72 are trawlers, 223 gill netters, 2 liners, 11others in the mechanized sector; 1,162 in themotorized sector constituting one fourth of Orissastate’s motorized crafts, and 1,642 in the non-motorized sector. About 88% of the trawlers areowned by fisher folk. These trawlers are mainlyoperating from Nuagarh (Astarang) Fishing Harbour.They are engaged in multi-day fishing and single dayfishing. The multi-day trawlers have 100-120 meterlength with 100 hp  engines. They operate mostly inP.L. Ammini, Lata L. Khambadkar, Sindhu K. AugustineCentral Marine Fisheries Research Institute, CochinSukhdev BarPuri Field centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PuriA brief report on the marine fisheries of Puri, Orissathe depth zone of 20-50 m at a distance of 18-40kms from the shore. These trawlers have 8-9 personsas crew. Duration of fishing trips range from 53-152hours and actual fishing hours range between 25 and90. The number of hauls per trip range between 9and 32. The multi-day trawlers have a trawling speedof 2-5 km/h. Single day trawlers have 90-100 meterslength with engine power in the range 62-72 hp. Theyoperate at a distance of 10-22 kms from the shore inthe 12-30 meters depth zone. The actual fishing hoursis between 3-9 h. The number of crew is 5-6 and theytake 2-3 hauls/trip.Most of the gill netters (beach landing crafts) areconcentrated at Pentakota and Konark landingcentres. Pentakota, Kaliakona, Konark, Arkhakudaand Astarang are the major centres of motorizedcrafts. In all the other centres, non-mechanised craftsare in use. The motorized crafts have 6-20 hp Yamahaor Suzuki engines. Catamarans (teppas) areemployed in the artisanal sector. The craft used forshore seine operation is Padava.GearsThe major gears in operation are trawl nets, gillnets, drift nets, bottomset gill nets, hooks & lines andshore seines.The only operating station of trawl nets isNuagarh (Astarang) fishing harbour. Codend meshsize of the trawl nets is 20-25 mm. Katla vala operatesduring November-May period mainly for sardinefisheries whose mesh size is 2-3 cms. Shore seineoperation is limited to Pentakota, Arkhakuda, Puri  andSanopatna (Manikpatna). During 2006, trawl netscontributed 26% of Puri’s marine fish landings,followed by gill nets (26%), drift nets (15%), bottomset gill nets (7%), hooks & lines (24%) and shoreseines (2%). The mechanized sector  contributedabout 27%, motorized sector about 68% and theremaining 5% of the landings was from the non-motorized sector.7SeasonsBan on fishing from 15th April to 31st May, wasimposed by the Government of Orissa since 2006.Trawlers from Nuagarh did not operate during theban period. Katla vala were also not operated duringthird quarter.The fishing season in  Puri starts from July andends in February. Hence this period is the mostproductive one. 40% of the average Puri landingsduring 2001-2006 was during the fourth quarterfollowed by first quarter (37%), third quarter (15%)and the lean period was the second quarter with anaverage of 8%. Trawlers were in operation throughoutthe year except during the ban period. Beach landingcrafts were in operation during the first and secondquarters. Shore seine operation using Padavas wererestricted to the fourth and first quarters only.From 1992 onwards the total annual landings ofPuri were diminishing. The periods 1992-1996 and1997-2001 coincided with an overall drop in theannual landings. Further, during that  period theAstarang fishing harbour was damaged due to floodsleading to crippled trawl oprations. This is reflectedin the poor trawl landings though the efficiency wasmore buoyant. The trawlers used the private jetty atNuagarh which is 10 km away from Astarang. Thisjetty was later reconstructed as the new fisheriesharbour during 1986-92 period. During 2002-2006,trawl landings substantially  improved and reached6077 tonnes in 2006.Figure(1) depicts the relation between catch andcatch/hour of trawl nets. During 1987-91 period, thecatch/ hour was relatively high (about 92kg). Theaverage landing was maximum (4,065 tonnes) during2002-06 period even though the same level ofexploitation was not possible due to lesser numberof operations of the trawl units. During 2002-06multiday operation was observed. The catch/hour forsingle day (105kg) operating trawlers was higher thanthat of multi-day trawlers (68kg).Another regular fishery was by gill nets. In themechanized and non-mechanized sectors, gill netlandings took place during the entire period. Eventhough motorization of country crafts took place during1986-87 period in Orissa, the same was reflected inPuri district landings only in 1989. From 1991 onwardsan increasing trend was observed in fishing bymotorized crafts using gill nets and hooks & lines.Catch/hour of gillnets was showing an  increasingtrend during 2002-06 (Fig-2). Even though the catchdoubled from that of 1987-91 period, a similar hikewas not seen in the case of catch/hour due to a slightfall in the average fishing hours in the same period.Fig 1. Trawlnet landings in Puri districtFig 2. Gillnet landings in Puri districtIn the hooks & line fishery (Fig. 3), while theaverage catch showed unsteady trends, catch/hourshowed increase except during 1992-96 period.During later period catch and units showed adecrease with an increased  rate of exploitation perhour.Seine fishing was a regular phenomenon of theartisanal sector by boat seines and shore seines.ResourcesCat fishes, croakers, carangids, clupeids, ribbonfishes, sardines, prawns, seer fishes, eels andpomfrets are the main resources available along PuriA brief report on the marine fisheries of Puri, Orissa8 Marine Fisheries Information Service T&E Ser., No. 195, 2008Table 1Resources Species name         Price range (Rs/kg) during seasonsJan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-DecELASMOBRANCHSSharks Carcharhinus sorrah 15-40 20-40 20-40 15-30Sphyrna lewini 15-20Rays Himantura bleekeri 10-20H.uarnak 10-30 15-25 5-25 10-30EELS Anguilla bicolor bicolor 10-20 10-15 10-15 6-15Muraenesox cinereus 20-40 15-40 20-40 20-40CATFISHES Arius tenuispinis 10 -30 10-40 15-30 10-40CLUPEIDSWolf herring Chirocentrus nudus 15-50 20-40 8-40 15-60Oil sardine Sardinella longiceps 15-25Other sardines S. fimbriata 10-25 20-40 30-40 15-40S.gibbosa 10-25 20-40Hilsa shad Tenualosa ilisha 150-300 60-250 70-200Other shads Tenualosa toli 30-40 25-40AnchoviesSetipinna Setipinna taty 10-30 6-40 5-30 8-30Stolephorus Stolephorus devisi 8-30 10-30Thryssa Thryssa mystax 6-40 20-40 20-30Other clupeids Ilisha elongata 20-70 30-70 20-60 20-60I. melastoma 30-50 30-80Raconda russeliana 10-40 30-40 15-40 15-40Anodontostoma chacunda 15-20BOMBAYDUCK Harpadon nehereus 5-10HALF BEAKS & FULL BEAKS Strongylura strongylura 10-40 30-40 30-45 30-40Hyporhamphus limbatus 30-35PERCHESRock cods Epinephelus chlorostigma 20-60 15-40Snappers Lutjanus johni 40-70 30-60 30-60 20-40Threadfin breams Nemipterus japonicus 10-20 10-20Other perches Pomadasys hasta 40-80 60-80 30-60P. maculatum 20-30Pricanthus hamrur 10-20Drepane punctata 5-10 6-10 5-15 6-12Kurtus indicus 20-30 15-30Sillago sihama 20-40 20-30 25-30Terapon jarbua 15-35 25-40 20-30GOATFISHES Upeneus vittatus 10-35 8-30 10-30 10-30THREADFINS Eleutheronema tetradactylum 25-50 20-40 30-60 20-60Polynemus indicus 20-40 20-30 20-40Fig 3. Hooks and lines landings in Puri districtcoast in the order of abundance. 75% of the total costrealised from prawn fishery was by Penaeuspenicillatus during 2006 whose contribution was 50%of the total prawn landings of Puri district.There are 14 species of penaeid prawns in Puriwaters. Out of the 1,444 tonnes, 716 tonnes wascontributed by P. penicillatus, 176 tonnes byMetapenaeopsis stridulans, 126 tonnes ofParapenaeopsis hardwickii and 102 tonnes byMetapenaeus affinis. A table (Table 1) showing thedifferent fin fishes and shell fishes with their landingcentre prices during the year 2006 is given.9CROAKERS Johnius carutta 10-40 10-40 20-35 10-30J.dussumieri 10-40 10-40 10-40 10-40Kathala axillaris 20-40 20-35Nibea maculata 20-40Otolithes ruber 20-50 20-50 20-50 20-50RIBBON FISHES Trichiurus lepturus 8-20 8-20 10-20 10-18CARANGIDSHorse mackerel Megalaspis cordyla 10-40 10-50 10-40 10-40Scads Decapterus russelli 20-50 30-40 30-40 20-30Leather-jackets Scomberoides commersonianus 10-40 10-50 15-50 10-40Other carangids Rachycentron canadum 10-25 15-20 10-20Carangoides armatus 25-35Caranx ignobilis 10-40 10-40 10-40 10-40Selar crumenophthalmus 10-40 10-40Coryphaena hippurus 10-15SILVERBELLIES Leiognathus bindus 10-30 10-40 10-30Secutor insidiator 15-25 10-20BIG-JAWED JUMPER Lactarius lactarius 10-40 10-40 10-40 10-30POMFRETSBlack pomfret Parastromateus niger 40-70 30-80Silver pomfret Pampus argenteus 60-200 100-250 40-200 50-200Chinese pomfret Pampus chinensis 50-200 50-150MACKERELSIndian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta 10-40 20-40SEERFISHESNarrow-barred Spanishmackerel Scomberomorus commerson 70-120 70-110 80-130Indo-Pacific Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus guttatus 25-80 30-70 25-70 30-70TUNNIESLittle tunas Euthynnus affinis 20-40 20-30 10-20BILLFISHES Istiophorus platypterus 10-15 10-15BARRACUDAS Sphyraena barracuda 10-40MULLETS Mugil cephalus 40-120 40-100 60-70FLATFISHESSoles Cynoglossus bilineatus 3-15 6-15 5-15 5-12CRUSTACEANSPenaeid prawns Solenocera crassicornis 20-40 40-80 30-60Metapenaeus affinis 60-200 100-200 80-160 70-300M.dobsoni 60-100 60-100 60-100 60-100M. monoceros 100-200 80-200M. lysianassa 40-80Metapenaeopsis stridulans 15-30 20-30 30-50 10-40Parapenaeopsis hardwickii 30-50 30-50 40-60 30-60P. stylifera 30-50 30-50 40-60 40-60Parapenaeus longipes 15-20 20-25 10-30 10-30Penaeus indicus 200-300 100-250 100-250P.japonicus 150-250 150-250 150-200 150-250P.penicillatus 200-400 150-200 150-400P.merguiensis 180-300 200-350P.monodon 250-750 250-600 250-550 300-600Non-penaeid prawns Acetes indicus 10-15Nematopalaemon tenuipes 10-20 10-15 10-20Crabs Portunus sanguinolentus 8-30 10-30 10-40 10-30Stomatopods Oratosquilla nepa 4-10 4-10 5-10 6-10MOLLUSCSCephalopods Sepia aculeata 20-40 15-35 20-30 20-35Loligo duvaucelii 10-20 10-15 10-15 10-20MISCELLANEOUS Antennarius hispidusResources Species name         Price range (Rs/kg) during seasonsJan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-DecA brief report on the marine fisheries of Puri, Orissa10 Marine Fisheries Information Service T&E Ser., No. 195, 2008Table 2Landings of prawns during 2006Name of Landings (kg) Bottom PriceSpecies Trawl set Gillnet (Rs. Innet gillnet lakhs)Metapenaeusaffinis 88,772 9,223 3,929 149.1M.dobsoni 87,111 0 491 70.1M. lysianassa 280 0 0 0.2M. monoceros 41,593 0 0 60.3Metapenaeopsisstridulans 175,857 0 0 49.5Parapenaeopsishardwickii 126,348 0 0 55.3Penaeus indicus 9,015 0 0 18.0P.japonicus 23,362 0 0 45.3Parapenaeuslongipes 37,532 0 0 7.5P.merguiensis 424 5,516 1,586 19.4P.monodon 12,378 2,170 0 64.6P.penicillatus 16,299 700,136 0 1791.1P. stylifera 31,505 0 0 14.2Solenocera crassicornis 66,794 0 0 30.1Others 285 4,014 0Total 717,555 721,059 6,006 2374.4More than 60 fin fish species and nearly 20crustaceans including 15 prawns were found in Purilandings during 2006.The first sale value of P. monodon was in therange Rs. 400-500/- per kg., and during 2006 theamount realized from this particular species was morethan 64 lakh rupees (Table 2). The landing centreprice of M. dobsoni was consistent throughout theyear with an average Rs. 80/-per kg. Prices of  Johniusdussumieri, Otolithes ruber and Caranx ignobilis werealso consistent throughout the year.P. merguiensis and P. penicillatus were mainlycaught by bottom set gill nets whereas all the othervarieties were the main stay of trawl nets.Catfishes, eels, sharks, perches, carangids, seerfishes and tunnies were the main resources found inthe hooks & lines catches. Prawns, big jawed jumper,ribbon fishes, croakers, clupeids and cat fishes werefound in good quantities in trawl catches. Wolf herring,anchovies, other sardines, other clupeids, horsemackerel, pomfrets, seerfishes, mullets and crabs aremaximum in drift/gill net catches.Scomberomorus commerson, S. guttatus, Ilishaelongata, I. melanostoma, Lutjanus johni, Formioniger, Pomadasys hasta, Epinephelus chlorostigma,Pampus argentus, P. chinensis, Mugil cephalus,Tenualosa ilisha, Eleutheronema tetradactylum,Chirocentrus nudus are the commercially importantfish species. Arius tenuispinis is the only cat fishavailable in Puri district.Fishing was interrupted by heavy rains andcyclonic weather conditions every year. In almost allmonths, juveniles of  penaeid prawns likeParapenaeus longipes, Metapenaeopsis stridulans,non-penaeid prawns like Nemato-palaemon tenuipesand pomfrets were found in trawl catches at Nuagarhlanding centre.Chattonella marina blooms and its impact on the coastal fishery resourcesalong north Kerala coastJugnu, R.and  V. KripaCentral Marine Fisheries Research Institute, KochiIn north Kerala region, a widespread and high densitybloom of Chattonella marina occurred in the firstweek of September 2002. The bloom showed adiscontinuous distribution and extended over adistance of about 50 kilometers along the coast, fromKonadu near Calicut to Mahe near Thalassery. Themuddy green coloured bloom was very noticeable atKappad, where it extended from the shoreline to abouta distance of about 3 kilometers towards the sea. Itwas visible as streaks and patches in other areas.

Brief report on the marine fisheries of Puri, Orissa

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